Name: ___________________
Date: _____________________
Period: ___________________
Amount of time studying: _______________
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Study Guide for Unit 1 Test
Layers of the Earth
Word Bank: Lithosphere Asthenosphere
Core
Inner Core
Convection Currents
Continental Crust Oceanic Crust
Outer Core
Mantle
1. Basalt is a rock that primarily makes up the _____________________________.
2. Earth’s solid inner core is surrounded by the hot, molten metal of the ___________________.
3. The _________________ is made up of the Lithosphere and the Asthenosphere.
4. ______________________ are the movement of heat that assist in the plates moving around in the Lithosphere.
5. Soft pliable rocks can be found in the _______________________.
6. The majority of the ______________________________ is made up of the intrusive igneous rock Granite.
7. The movement found in the Earth’s _________________ causes the Earth’s Magnetic Field.
8. The density of the Earth’s _______________________________ is caused by the increase of heat and pressure the
closer that one gets to the center of the Earth.
9. The crust is similar in composition as the __________________________, which is found in the Earth’s Mantle.
10. What is the difference between direct and indirect evidence, that geologist use to study the layers of the Earth?
11. Give an example of indirect evidence and give an example of direct evidence.
12. What keeps us from being able to go through the Layers of the Earth?
13. List the 3 main Layers of the Earth.
14. List the parts that make up each of the 3 Layers of the Earth and give a detail about each of them (use your graphic
organizer).
Minerals
Mohs Hardness Scale
Mineral
Hardness
Talc
1
Gypsum
2
Calcite
3
Fluorite
4
Apatite
5
Feldspar
6
Quartz
7
Topaz
8
Corundum
9
Diamond
10
_____15. What would happen if you rubbed a piece of fluorite against a piece of feldspar?
a. The fluorite would scratch the feldspar
b. The feldspar would scratch the flourite
_____16. What would you expect to happen if you rubbed a mineral of hardness 7.5 against a piece of quartz?
a. The quartz would scratch the other mineral
b. The other mineral would scratch the quartz
_____17. If an unknown mineral has a hardness between 5 and 9, what could you do to the mineral to find out more
about its hardness?
a. See if it scratches glass
b. See if your fingernail will scratch it
_____18. Which minerals in the table will scratch quartz?
a. Feldspar, Apatite, Flourite
b. Topaz, Corundum, Diamond
Word Bank: Crystal Fracture
Naturally Occurring
Cleavage Streak
Man-Made
Diamond
Talc
Glass
Inorganic
1. A mineral is _____________ which means that it contains no materials that were once part of living
things.
2. The repeating pattern of a mineral’s particles forms a solid called a(an) __________________.
3. Although brick, steel, and glass all come from substances found in Earth’s crust, they are not classified as
minerals because they are ___________________.
4. The _______________________ is the hardest known mineral.
5. Most minerals do NOT split apart evenly. Instead, they have a characteristic type of _______________.
6. A mineral must be formed by a(an) _____________________ process to be considered a mineral.
7. The splitting of a mineral along flat surfaces is a property called ____________________.
8. _______________ is the softest mineral on Moh’s Hardness Scale.
9. A mineral’s true color can be found performing a ______________ test.
10. Even though ____________ is made from elements found in nature, it is not considered a mineral because
it is man-made.
11. How is a mineral different from a rock? Explain your answer in detail.
Rocks
Word Bank: magma rock sedimentary rocks cementation metamorphic rock
Extrusive igneous rock intrusive igneous rock grains
rock cycle
1. The process in which Sedimentary rocks are formed when different types of rock and organic particles mix with water
and then the water evaporates is called __________________________.
2. Igneous rock that formed from magma that cooled below the Earth’s surface is called
___________________.
3. Heat and pressure can change any type of rock into a ___________________________.
4. Feldspar is a mineral; Granite is a _________________________.
5. An __________________________ rock is formed when lava cools quickly.
6. You can easily identify the ____________________ of an igneous rock which has cooled slowly inside
Earth.
7. ________________________ shows how any type of rock can change into another type of rock.
8. ___________________________ are formed when loose materials become pressed or cemented together or
when minerals form from solutions.
9. Liquid rock called _________________________ forms intrusive igneous rocks when it cools slowly
beneath the Earth’s surface.
10. List the 3 different types of Sedimentary Rocks.
1.
2.
3.
Give specific characteristics and an example of each type of Sedimentary Rock.
11. Name the two different types of Igneous Rocks? Explain how they are similar and explain how they are
different.
12. Explain how the Rock Cycle works. Draw a picture explaining the Rock Cycle. You must provide specific
details.
Words to Know for Unit 1 – Make sure you understand all of the concepts – if you are not sure of any of
them, look them up and write them down.
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1.
2.
Clastic Rock
Organic Rock
Chemical Rock
Cementation
Compaction
Foliated
Non-Foliated
Granite
Rock forming mineral
Basalt
Grains
Texture
Sedimentary
Igneous
Igneous - Extrusive
Igneous - Intrusive
Metamorphic
Mineral
Inorganic
Crystal
Streak
Luster
Moh's Hardness Scale
Fracture
Cleavage
Pressure
Crust
Basalt
Granite
Mantle
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Outer Core
Inner Core
3. 4.
5. 6.
7.