Organic Chemistry Notes
Organic chemistry is concerned with __carbon______-containing molecules. Many of the
____compounds_______ found in all ____living_____ things contain carbon!
So let’s talk carbon:

Atomic symbol: ___C________

Atomic Number: ___6_______

Atomic Mass: ______12 anu__

# protons: ______6__________

# neutrons: ______6_________

# electrons: _______6________

# valence electrons: __4______
Bohr Model:
Since carbon has __4_____ valence electrons, it needs ___4___ more to complete its valence
shell. Each carbon atom will form __4____ __covalent________ bonds with other atoms.
Carbon will form these bonds with:

Other ___carbons______, __H_______, the halogens (___F___, _Cl____, ___Br___,
___I____, ___At____) or ___O___, __N_____, __S_____, or ____P___
Hydrocarbons
These compounds contain only ___carbon_______ and _____hydrogen______.
There are 2 different categories of hydrocarbons:

____Aliphatic______, which has a ____simple____ structure, C’s arranged in a
___chain_________.

___Aromatic_________, which has a ____ring______ structure an d contains
___double_____ bonds between some C atoms.
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
There are ____four_____ categories of aliphatic hydrocarbons.
1. ___Alkanes_______: only ___single_______ bonds between carbon atoms
2. ___Alkenes_______: contain one or more ___double______ bonds between carbon atoms
3. ___Alkynes_______: contain one or more _____triple_ bonds between carbon atoms
4. ____Cyclic______: carbon atoms are joined together in a ____ring________
Alkanes
The simplest of all aliphatic hydrocarbons, they contain only ___single____ bonds between
carbons.
Example:

Alkanes have the ___maximum_________ number of hydrogen possible to complete
carbon’s __4____ bonds.

Hydrocarbons with only __single______ bonds and the maximum number of H’s are
considered to be _____saturated_________.

*** Remember saturated and unsaturated fats? Saturated fats have the
___maximum___________ number of ___H’s____ possible.
Naming Alkanes

Alkanes are named for the __number_______ of carbons ___bonded________ together.

The ____longest_______ chain is called the ___parent________ chain.

To name an alkane, _____count____ the number of carbons in the chain, add the correct
____prefix_____, and the name ends in __”—ane”______.
Naming Organic Compounds
# of C in a Chain
Prefix
1
Meth-
2
Eth-
3
Prop-
4
But-
5
Pent-
6
Hex-
7
Hept-
8
Oct-
9
Non-
10
Dec-
Example:
# of carbons in parent chain: ___5____
Correct prefix: ______pent-_________
Prefix + “—ane” = ______pentane___________
NOW YOU TRY!!!!
# carbons in chain: ___3______ = ____propane_________
# carbons in chain: ____4_____ = ______butane________
# carbons in chain: ____2_____ = ______ethane________