Volcano-tectonic and hydrothermal activity in the Soddo area, western margin of the Southern Main
Ethiopian Rift
Corti G1, Sani F.2, Minissale A.1, Montanari D. 1
1. CNR-IGG, Firenze, Italy (giacomo.corti@igg.cnr.it)
2. Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
In the Main Ethiopia Rift (MER) the Quaternary-recent volcano-tectonic activity is typically associated with
dense fault swarms affecting the rift floor. These fault systems, referred to as Wonji Fault Belt (WFB),
characterize both the northern MER, where they are located at the rift axis, and the central MER, where
they are shifted towards the eastern margin. The dense fault network characterizing the WFB allows deep
fluid circulation at major volcanic centers, and development of promising geothermal resources, such as at
Aluto-Langano, where a 7Mw plant is operating. In the southern MER, the distribution of the recent
volcano-tectonic activity is poorly known, and the relations between volcanism and recent, rift-related
faulting are less straightforward, and so are the possible implications for geothermal research.
In this contribution we present a detailed analysis of the area North of Lake Abaya, at the western rift
margin close to the town of Soddo, where the ongoing tectonic activity is testified by strong association
between focused faulting and volcanism. Associated to this activity are hydrothermal manifestations such
as hot springs, fumaroles and geysers, which have been related to the presence of an advective
hydrothermal system. Remote and field structural analysis highlight the presence of numerous normal
faults, with limited vertical offset and often sigmoidal in shape, which accommodate a gentle transition
from the rift floor to the Ethiopian plateau. Radiocarbon dating indicates post-30 ka fault activity, pointing
to a significant Late Pleistocene-Holocene tectonic activity of the Soddo margin. The data support a close
correlation between recent volcanic activity in form of rhyolitic edifices and basaltic spatter cones and
deformation, with eruptive vents located along the recent border faults. Similarly, hydrothermal
manifestations are strongly focused along major normal faults, suggesting that the fault pattern has major
control on the volcanic and hydrothermal systems.