FEDERAL UNIVERSITY, NDUFU-ALIKE IKWO (FUNAI)
FACULTY OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
FACULTY HANDBOOK
2013
1
PICTURE OF
VICE-CHANCELLOR
PICTURE OF REGISTRAR
PICTURE OF DEAN
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
SECTION 1: THE VISION AND MISSION OF THE FACULTY OF BASIC
MEDICAL SCIENCES
SECTION 2: ACADEMIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF
THE FACULTY OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
SECTION 3: DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND
MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
SECTION 4: ACADEMIC REGULATION ON STUDENT ASSESSMENT
3
PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY
Vice-Chancellor
Prof. O. Ibidapo – Obe. FAS, OFR
Deputy Vice-Chancellor
Prof M. Onuoha
B.Sc M.Sc Ph.D
Registrar
G.O. Chukwu
Mnim, Fcai, BA, MPA
Ag. Bursar
Mr. R.K. Aliu
Ag. Librarian
Dr. O.O. Adediji
4
MANAGEMENT STAFF OF THE FACULTY
Dean (Interim)
Prof S.O. Elom
B.Sc. (1st Class Hons) Biochemistry (Nig) M.Sc. (Brussel)
Ph.D (EBSU)
HOD, Anatomy, Physiology and Medical Biochemistry
Prof E.U. Nwachi
MBCH. B. Ph.D
Faculty Officer
Mr Udensi N.A.
B.Sc, M.Sc. Pol. Sc
5
VISION
To provide sound basic scientific knowledge to the undergraduate and Pre-Clinical students
towards producing high quality and employable graduates.
MISSION
In keeping with the overall academic goals of FUNAI, the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences
seeks to:
1.
Produce high quality graduates in the Basic Medical Sciences of Anatomy, Medical
Biochemistry and Physiology.
2.
Contribute to the training of Medical Doctors and other paramedical professionals.
3.
Contribute to National development, self-reliance and unity through the advancement
and propagation of knowledge in the field of Basic Medical Sciences
ACADEMIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE FACULTY OF
BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES.
ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS:
The following departments shall constitute the faculty of Basic Medical Sciences
1.
2.
3.
Anatomy
Physiology
Medical Biochemistry
The faculty shall be headed by a Dean. Each Department shall have a Head of
Department.
There shall be a Faculty Officer who shall be responsible to the Dean for the day to
day administration of the affairs of the Faculty. He/She shall be the secretary of the
Faculty Board.
FACULTY ORGANOGRAM
DEAN
HODS
FO
6
THE FACULTY BOARD
There shall be a Faculty Board which shall control the Academic activities of the
Faculty and shall be responsible to and subject to the Senate of the University in all
academic matters.
1.
2.
The Faculty Board shall consist of:
i.
The Vice-Chancellor (Chairman)
ii.
The Dean of the Faculty
iii.
All Professors in the Faculty
iv.
All Heads of Department
v.
All Academic Staff of the Faculty
The quorum of the Faculty Board shall be one- third of the total number of members.
3.
Functions:
The Faculty Board Shall:
i.
Advice and Report to Senate on all matters relating to the organizations of
academic activities in the faculty.
S/NO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
iii.
Recommend to the Senate persons for appointment as examiners
ANATOMY
NAME
Qualification
Present
rank
Area of
specialization
MEDICAL
Type of
appointmen
t
Adjunct
Prof
Fidelis
Ogah
Prof. Edward
Uche Nwachi
Prof
C.I P.
Anibeze
Dr
(Mrs)
Nneola
Onuoha
Dr
U.K.
Ezemagu
B.Sc M.Sc. PhD
Professor
Genetics
MBCH.B; Ph.D
Professor
Anatomy
B.Sc M.Sc Ph.D
Professor
Anatomy
Full-time
( HOD)
Adjunct
B.Sc M.Sc. Ph.D
Senior
lecturer
Anatomy
Sabbatical
B.Sc M.Sc Ph.D
Senior
Lecturer
Anatomy
Full-time
Dr O.A. Egwu
B.Sc M.Sc Ph.D
Senior
Lecturer
Anatomy
Full-time
B.
S/NO
Consider the academic progress and conduct of students in the faculty and to
report to the Senate.
iv.
To deal with any academic matter referred to it by the Senate.
STAFF LIST (ACADEMIC)
DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND
BIOCHEMISTRY
4.
A.
ii.
PHYSIOLOGY
NAME
Qualification
Present
7
Area of
Type of
e-mail address
fidelisogah200
8@yahoo.com
eddydecos@ya
hoo.co.uk
cipanibeze@ya
hoo.com
olaonuoha@un
nedun.g.sabbati
cal
kenezemaguya
hoo.com
egwuoc@yaho
o.com
e-mail
rank
1.
Prof. R.O. Nneli
2.
Dr.
A.C.U. B.Sc.
Ezimah
Ph.D
Dr C. Ugwuishi B.Sc.
Ph.D
3.
4.
Mr
Tuamoru
C.
S/NO
1.
B.Sc M.Sc Ph.D
M.Sc. Senior
Lecturer
M.Sc. Lecturer II
Odii B.Sc
MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
NAME
Qualification
B.Sc M.Sc. Ph.D
4.
Prof
S.O
Elom
Prof
C.O.
Edeogu
Prof
J.O.
Nwankwo
Mr. Obasi E.
5.
Miss P. Odoh
B.Sc. M.Sc
6.
Mr. A. C. B.Sc. M.Sc
Famurewa
2.
3.
B.Sc M.Sc Ph.D
B.Sc. D. Phil
BMLS & M.Sc
NON- ACADEMIC
S/NO
NAME
1.
Mr Udensi N.A
2.
Mrs Udeze C.N.
3.
Miss Umeibe H.C.
4.
Mr Okeke Jude
5.
Professor
Graduate
Assistant
Present
rank
specialization
Physiology
appointmen
t
Full-time
Physiology
Full-time
Physiology
Full-time
Physiology
Full-time
Area of
specialization
Type of
appointmen
t
Adjunct
Professor
Medical
Biochemistry
Professor
Medical
Biochemistry
Professor
Medical
Biochemistry
Principal
Medical
technologist Biochemistry
Asst. lecturer Medical
Biochemistry
Asst.
Medical
Lecturer
Biochemistry
QUALIFICATION
B.Sc, M.Sc. Pol Sc.
HND Sec. Studies
B.Sc Mass Comm
B.Sc Maths & Statistics
PROGRAMMES
The Faculty offers undergraduate progremmes in the following:
i.
Bachelor of Science in Anatomy (4 years)
ii.
Bachelor of Science in Medical Biochemistry (4 years)
iii.
Bachelor of Science in Physiology (4 years)
iv.
Pre-Clinical courses for MBBS Programme
8
Adjunct
Contract
Full-time
Full-time
Full-time
address
profroneli2007@yahoo.
com
drezima@yah
oo.com
christianugw
u43@yahoo.c
om
Tuamoru.odii
@yahoo.com
e-mail
address
elomso@yah
oo.com
talk2edeogu
@yahoo.com
jonwankwo@
yahoo.com
obasieio@ya
hoo.com
odohpatience
@mail.com
clementadem
ola@yahoo.c
om
RANK /DESIGNATION
AO/Faculty Officer
Confidential Secretary
Admin. Assistant
AA/Departmental Officer
In the first year of study both the B.Sc and MBBS students shall receive lectures in courses
in general studies as prescribed by the university and courses in Physics, Chemistry, Biology
and Mathematics which are based in the Faculty of Science.
At the end of the 1st academic year, which is designed to give students a basic understanding
of scientific concepts of Medicine, Students admitted to the MBBS and B.Sc programmes
begin the Basic Medical Sciences ie Pre-Clinical Courses which are available in the faculty.
COURSE OUTLINE FOR THE FIRST YEAR AND FACULTY COURSES
The faculty shall operate the course system of study in the B.Sc. as well as the Pre-clinical
course of the MBBS Programme. The general University Regulations governing the award of
Bachelors degree shall apply. The faculty courses will be at 200, 300 and 400 levels. Each
course shall have a course number and a course code of three letters common to all the
courses in the department.
The first digit of the course number indicate the year of study in which it is taught, the
second digit indicates the special area to which the course belongs within the department and
the third digit specifically identifies the course.
E.g MBC 201: Is a Medical Biochemistry course for second year of study and taught in the
1st semester.
The third digit of first semester courses are conventionally designated with odd numbers
while the second semester courses are designated with even numbers.
FACULTY OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
9
DEPARTMENT: ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
FIRST YEAR COURSE: (FROM FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AND
GST UNIT)
COURSE OUTLINE (FIRST SEMESTER) 100 LEVEL
S/NO
COURSE
COURSE TITLE
CODE
1
GST 101
Use of English I
UNITS
STATUS
2
GST
2
GST 103
Use of Library and study skills
2
GST
3
GST 105
Nigerian Peoples and Culture
2
GST
4
BIO 101
General Biology I
3
MAJOR
5
BIO 151
Medical Genetics
2
“
6
BIO 107
General Biology Lab I
1
“
7
CHM 101
General Chemistry I
3
“
8
CHM 107
General Chemistry Lab I
1
“
9
PHY 101
General Physics I
3
“
10
PHY 107
General Physics Lab I
1
“
11
MTH 101
General Maths 1
3
“
12
CSC 101
Introduction to C.S
1
“
TOTAL
24
SECOND SEMESTER (100 L)
1.
GST 102
Use of English II
2
GST
2.
GST 104
Introduction to Philosophy and logic
2
“
3.
GST 108
Peace and Conflict Resolution
2
“
4.
BIO 102
General Biology I
3
Major
5.
BIO 152
Medical Parasitology
3
“
6.
BIO 192
General Biology Lab II
1
“
7.
CHM 102
General Chemistry II
3
“
8.
CHM 108
General Chemistry Lab II
1
“
9.
PHY 102
General Physics II
3
“
10.
PHY 108
General Physics Lab II
1
“
11
MTH 102
General Maths II
3
“
Total
24
B.Sc. Programme (SECOND – FOURTH YEAR)
10
Students for the B.Sc programme in Anatomy, Medical Biochemistry and Physiology
need an average score of 45% to proceed to the second year of studies. Students who
fail to obtain 45% in any subject shall be required to carry over the subject to the
second year.
YEAR 2 COURSES
1ST SEMESTER 200L
S/NO
COURSE
CODE
1
ANA 201
2.
ANA 211
3.
ANA 221
4.
MBC 201
5.
MBC 211
6.
MBC 291
7.
PHS 201
8.
PHS 211
9.
PHS 291
10
GST 203
2ND SEMESTER 200 L
S/NO
COURSE
CODE
1
ANA 202
2.
ANA 212
3.
ANA 222
4.
MBC 222
5.
MBC 232
6.
MBC 292
7.
PHS 222
8.
PHS 232
9.
PHS 242
10.
PHS 292
11.
ANA 242
1ST SEMESTER 300 L
S/NO
COURSE
CODE
1
ANA 301
2.
ANA 311
3.
ANA 321
5.
PHS 341
6.
MBC 331
7.
8.
MBC 341
MBC 343
COURSE TITLE
Gross Anatomy I
Histology & Histochemistry I
Embryology I
Intro to Med. Biochemistry
Chemistry of Biomolecules
Med Biochemistry Practical I
General Principles of Physiology
Blood
Practical Physiology I
Introduction to Entrepreneurial Skills
Total
CREDIT
UNIT
4
3
2
2
3
1
3
2
1
2
23
COURSE TITLE
CREDIT
UNIT
4
3
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
2
24
Gross Anatomy II
Histology & Histochemistry II
Embryology II
Bioenergetics & Enzymology
Metabolism and biosynthetic Pathways
Med. Biochemistry Practical II
Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Kidney and Body Fluids
Practical Physiology II
Neuroanatomy I
Total
COURSE TITLE
Gross Anatomy III
Histology & Histochemistry III
Embryology III
Neurophysiology
Intro to Molecular Bio- Xenobiotics
Antibiotics
Nutritional Biochemistry
Special Topics in Biochemistry
11
&
STATUS
Major
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
STATUS
Major
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
CREDIT
UNIT
3
2
2
3
2
COURSE
TYPE
Major
“
“
“
“
2
2
“
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
MBC 391
PHS 351
PHS 361
GST 301
PHS 371
PHS 391
Med. Biochemistry Practical III
Alimentary System
Endocrine System
Introduction to entrepreneurship studies
Reproduction
Practical Physiology III
Total
1
2
1
2
I
I
24
“
“
“
“
“
“
2ND MBBS PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATIONS:
A comprehensive examination, 2nd MBBS, shall be taken by the MBBS students at the end
of the 1st semester of third year of study divided into the following sections.
i.
Paper I =
multiple choice Questions (25 marks)
ii.
Paper II
=
Essay Questions (45 marks)
iii.
Paper III
=
Practical Examination (10 marks)
iv.
Oral /Viva
=
(5 marks)
70 marks
The continuous Assessment (1st semester yr II – 1st semester yr III) accounts for the
remaining 30%.
i.
Students who fail to obtain a minimum average of 50% in all three courses
(Anatomy, Medical Biochemistry and Physiology) at the first attempt shall withdraw
from the MBBS programme.
ii.
Those who fail only one course shall be required to resit that particular one after
three months.
iii.
Those who fail two courses after the 1st attempt shall be required to repeat the year.
iv.
Those who fail any of the subjects after repeating shall withdraw from the MBBS
programme.
v.
Those who pass in the three courses at 1st attempt and /or after repeating shall
proceed with Clinical courses.
B. SC PROGRAMME
Students for the B.Sc programme in Anatomy, Medical Biochemistry and Physiology will
continue with courses in the various departments from 2nd semester of the third year.
B.SC ANATOMY
12
2ND SEMESTER 300L
S/NO
COURSE
CODE
1.
ANA 302
2.
ANA 342
3.
ANA 362
4.
PHM 302
5.
ANA 352
6.
ANA 392
7.
ANA 344
S/NO
1.
COURSE
CODE
ANA 401
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
BIO 411
ANA 421
ANA 461
ANA 451
ANA 431
S/NO
1.
2.
3.
4.
COURSE
CODE
ANA 412
ANA 404
ANA 482
ANA 462
COURSE TITLE
Cell Biology
Histochemistry
Basic Pathology
Introduction to Pharmacology
Relevant Anatomical and Cytological Techniques
SIWES and Seminars
Neuroanatomy II
Total
FOURTH YEAR (400) LEVEL
1ST SEMESTER
COURSE TITLE
Introduction to Medical Imaging and Functional and
Radiographic Anatomy
Research Methodology and Biostatistics
Bioanthropology
Comparative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology
Clinical Genetics and Molecular Biology
Embryologic Mechanics and Teratology
SECOND SEMESTER
COURSE TITLE
Introduction to Biometrics and Forensic Biology
Seminars
Research Project/Viva
Introduction to Human Biomechanics and Sports
Medicine
Total
CREDIT
2
3
3
3
2
6
2
21
CREDIT
3
3
3
3
2
3
17
CREDIT
3
3
6
3
15
DESCRIPTION OF ANATOMY COURSES
200 LEVELS
ANA 201: Gross Anatomy 1:- (a) Upper Limb; Pectoral regions and Mammary gland;
Axilla and Brachial plexus, back, deltoid and Scapular region, upper arm, forearm, hand,
bones and joints of the extremity. (b) Lower limb; Front and Medial side of thigh, gluteal
region, back of the thigh and popliteal fossa, leg, sole of foot, bones and joints of the
extremity, regional anatomy, surface anatomy, applied and radiological anatomy of upper
and lower limbs.
ANA 211: Histology and Histochemistry includes:- (a) Cytology: cell membrane,
metabolism, components of the cell, cell cycle, chromosomes, protein secretion, transcription
13
of DNA (b) Methods in Histology, (c) Introduction to light microscopy, electron microscopy
and units of measurement (d) General Histology, basic tissues of the body; the epithelial and
connective tissues, muscle and nervous tissue. (e) Lymphoid organs.
ANA 221: General Anatomy and Embryology: (a) descriptive terms, planes terms of
relationship to human body, terms of comparison, attachment of the muscle, types muscle,
movement of joints. (b) Osteology. (c) Principal of kinesiology, general organization of
nervous system, and vascular system. (d) General Embryology, gametogenesis, cyclic
changes in the female genital track, fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst, gastrulation and
formation of germ layers, segmentation of mesoderm, folding of Embryo fetal membranes,
umbilical cord and placentation and development of limbs and teratology. (e) Development
anomalies, clinical syndromes.
ANA 202: Gross Anatomy II: (a) Thorax and Abdomen, Thoracic wall, pleura, lungs,
mediastinum and diaphragm. Abdomen; anterior bdominal wall and hernia, external genitalia,
peritoneum, stomach and intestines, blood supply, gut, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys and
suprarenal (c) Pelvis-male and female perineum pelvic walls and floor-pelvic peritoneum,
viscera, nerves and vessels, Regional Anatomy, surface anatomy, radiological anatomy.
ANA 212: Histology and Histochemistry II:
Cardiovascular system, skin, gland of the skin, nail, structure of the hair, respiratory system,
digestive system, and urinary system, electron microscopic observation of each organ.
ANA 222: Embryology II: Development aspects of cardiovascular system, integumentory
system, respiratory system, digestive system and urogenital system, development anomalies,
clinical syndromes.
ANA 242: Neuroanatomy I: Should be included in the courses to be offered in the Second
Semester. The course content will include: General Introduction to the Anatomy of the
Nervous System, Meninges, Spinal Cord; Ascending and descending tracts associated with
the Spinal Cord, Components of the Brainstem- Medulla oblongata, Pons and Midbrain;
Radiologic and applied aspects of the above.
300 LEVEL
ANA 301: Gross Anatomy III: Head and neck, face and scalp, back and spinal cord,
cranial cavity, orbit, parotid region, temporal and infratemporal regions triangles of the neck,
submandibular region, nerves and vessels in deep dissection of neck, thyroid and
parathyroidglands, prevertebral region and joints of the neck, mouth and tongue, pharynx
and palatem nasal cavity and sinuses, larynx, ear and eye.
ANA 341: Neuroanatomy II: Meaningis, base of brain and blood supply, hind brain,
cerebellum and 4th ventricle, midbrain, diencephalons and third ventricle, cerebral
hemispheres, sulci and gyri, internal structure of cerebrum and lateral ventricles, basal
ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus, synapses and reflex arc, sensory and ascending
pathways, motor and descending pathways, cerebellar connection-pathways for hearing,
smell and vision, autonomic system, radiological and applied anatomy of the above.
14
PHS 341: Neurophysiology: Physiology of the Somatosensory cortex, thalamus. Physiology
of Cerebellum, Midbrain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata. Special Senses: Eye, nose, ear and
tongue and all relevant physiological pathways and applied aspects.
ANA 311: Histology and Histochemistry III: Studies of the male and female reproductive
system. The endocrine system and neurophysiology: Spinal cord, brain stem, cerebrum and
cerebellum. Organs of special sense, sensory receptors and ear and eye. Also functional corelationship with other organs.
ANA 321: Embryology III: Development of the face and pharyngeal derivatives and
teratology and development of nervous system, sense organs, development alies and clinical
syndromes.
ANA 302: Cell Biology: This course will include Basic aspects of cell membrane biology
and membrane communications/interactions, cell theories. Detailed description of the
structural and functional aspects of all cytoplasmic organelles: Golgi Apparatus,
Mitochondrion, Endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, lysosomes and all intracytoplasmic
membrane bound structures and non-membrane bound structures; Nucleus- structural
components- nucleolus, centrioles etc. Cell carbohydrates, Proteins and lipids; their
distribution and functional aspects;
ANA 342: Histochemistry: Definition and history of Histochemistry (HCM), Principles of
HCM, Application of HCM in other disciplines. Histochemical methods of examining cells
and tissues, Carbohydrate HCM, HCM of proteins, HCM of Lipids, Enzyme HCM.
Histometry and Image analysis.
ANA 362: Basic Pathology: Introduction to pathology. Microbial pathology- various classes
of infections; bacterial, viral, fungal and other infections and mechanisms. Tissue pathology;
common forms of cell and tissue injury- Pathological changes; cell and tissue adaptation, cell
injury, cell and tissue degeneration, cell ageing, and cell death.
PHM 302: Introduction to Pharmacology: Definition of terms in Pharmacology; Cardiac
Glycocytes and drugs in congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, antiarythmic drugs,
antihypertensive drugs and those used in hyperlipidaemia. Renal Pharmacology: Diuretics.
GIT pharmacology; Drugs used in peptic ulcer, constipation, diarrhea and anti helmintic
drugs. Respiratory pharmacology; Asthma drugs, antitusive drugs and expectorants and their
various mechanisms of action.
ANA 352: Relevant anatomical and cytological techniques:
Tissue preparatory
techniques- details in histological techniques; In vitro and In vivo methods of studying cellsAll aspects of Microscopy (principles and use); light microscopy, Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Interference microscopy,
Polarization microscopy, Phase contrast microscopy, ultraviolet microscopy etc); X-ray
diffraction and Immunocytochemistry-principles and application, autoradiography; Methods
in preserving cadaver including modern trends in Cadaveric preservation (Plastination);
Preparation of bones; museum techniques and preparation; mounting and display of museum
specimens.
15
ANA 392: SIWES and Seminar: Students Industrial work experience scheme is designed to
create a three (3) months level of exposure for the undergraduate trainees in areas like
relevant anatomical techniques, Clinical embryology and teratology, Medical Imaging and
Radiologic anatomy, Mortuary science, Histopathology, Forensic and Biometric sciences,
Biomechanics and Sports medicine. The target places include: Artificial reproductive and
Clinical Embryology Laboratories, Imaging centres and Radiology units of Teaching,
General and Private Hospitals, Mortuaries, Histopathology Laboratories, Sports laboratories
and Biomechanical units of Physiotherapy centres in hospitals, The Nigerian police force,
other law enforcement agencies and the Paramilitary establishments like the Nigerian Custom
Service, Immigration and Drug Law enforcement agency etc.
400 LEVELS
ANA 401: Introduction to medical Imaging and Radiographic Anatomy: Introduction to
the Basic principles of Ultrasound, Arthroscopy, Endoscopy and Magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), Computed Tomography (CT) and their application in the study of the various regions
of the body- Extremities (Upper and Lower), Trunk (Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis and
perineum), Head and Neck and components of the nervous system.
BIO 411: Research Methodology and Biostatistics: This should be
a faculty wide course taken at the same time by the three (3) departments
(Anatomy, Med Biochemistry and Physiology): Use of books, journals
chemical and biological abstracts and other reference books. Citing of
sources. Preparation of dissertation, thesis and papers for publications.
Research methods. Analysis of data. Introduction of statistics. Means,
deviations. Tests of significance. Experimental design, probability. Ttest, X-test, random selection. Analysis of variance. Normal distribution
and factorial design. Regression and correlation analyses.
ANA 421:Biological Anthropology: Definition of terms in Biological Anthropology and
Anthropometry. Historical perspective. Description of Body measurement tools; Stadiometer,
anthropometer rod, infantometer, Calipers steel tape etc. Body Composition- Conceptual
models. Human Physique; Different classification models- Viola’s classification,
Kretschmer’s classifications. Somatotyping; Techniques in Anthropometric Smatotyping.
Applications of Bioanthropology; Assessment of growth and development, Nutritional
status, physique and disease and estimating skeletal frame size etc.
ANA 431: Embryological Mechanics and Teratology: Embryological mechanics;
Techniques used in preparing and preserving developing tissues, Seminal analysis, infertility,
Contraceptive devices. Assisted reproductive technology; Techniques involved in IVF, Test
tube babies, Surrogate mothers. Stem cell technology and cloning. Teratology; Definition of
terms and principles of teratology. Teratogenic agents and mechanisms of action: Physical
agents-Heat (thermoteratology) and Ionizing radiations, Chemical agents- Drugs, alcohol,
tobacco and others, Maternal Metabolic diseases- Diabetes.
ANA 461: Evolutionary Biology and Comparative Anatomy: Evolutionary aspects of
Human biology; the myriad of invertebrates, the Aves, Pisces, Reptilia and Mammalia.
Comparative analysis of the different body systems in the humans and the lower animals
16
using evolutionary perspectives; reproductive mechanisms, the concepts of respiration
(mechanical and cellular), Nervous system, Digestive system and the locomotive system.
ANA 451: Clinical genetics and Molecular Biology: Genetic assessment, genetic
counseling, chromosomal analysis, common chromosomal disorders, Single gene disorders,
Genetics of Cancer, Genetics of common disorders, Prenatal Diagnosis, DNA structure and
Gene expression, gene mapping and molecular pathology, Recombinant DNA technology,
Nucleic acid manipulation and Molecular evolution.
2nd Semester
ANA 412: Introduction to Biometrics and Forensic Biology: Definition of terms in the
science of Biometrics. Knowledge of different recognition systems; Fingerprint recognition,
Iris recognition, Face recognition, Hand geometry recognition etc. Forensic DNA typing; YChromosome DNA testing, Mitochondrial DNA analysis. Forensic Anthropology and
identification theories.
ANA 462: Introduction to Human Biomechanics and Sports Medicine Definition of
terms; Concepts in Biomechanical bases of human movements. Fundamentals of
Biomechanics. Biological/Anatomical bases of Biomechanics. Mechanics of the
musculoskeletal system. Application of biomechanics in Sports Medicine, orthopedics and
Prosthetic technology. Fundamentals of sport Medicine. Injury mechanisms, Exercise
specificity etc.
ANA 404: Seminars Students will present Seminars on guided topics in any aspect of
Anatomy. The students will be subjected to both oral and written tests on the topics chosen.
ANA 482: Research Project Guided research projects in subspecialties of Anatomy will be
carried out by the students. The projects will be practical oriented and supervised by the
lecturers.
2.
B.Sc Medical Biochemistry
Year III 2ND Semester
S/NO
COURSE
COURSE TITLE
CODE
1.
MBC 344
Biochemical Techniques & instrumentation
2.
MBC 346
Enzymology & Biochemical Regulation
3.
MBC 348
Comparative and Plant Biochemistry
4.
MBC 350
Gene Expression and Rec DNA Technology
5.
MBC 352
Pharmacological Biochemistry
6.
SIWES and Seminar
Total
YEAR IV 1ST SEMESTER
S/NO
COURSE
COURSE TITLE
CODE
1.
MBC 401
Research Project
2.
MBC 411
Adv. Biochemistry of Macromolecules
3.
MBC 413
Endocrinology & Genetics
4.
MBC 415
Biochemistry of Tissues & Immunology
17
CREDIT
3
3
3
3
3
6
21
CREDIT
6
3
3
3
5.
MBC 417
Research Methods and Biostatistics
Total
YEAR IV 2ND SEMESTER
S/NO
COURSE
COURSE TITLE
CODE
1.
MBC 402
Research Project
2.
MBC 404
Forensic Biochemistry and Toxicology
3.
MBC 406
Adv. Clinical Biochemistry
4.
MBC 408
Industrial Biochemistry
5.
MBC 410
Pharmacological Biochemistry
Total
DESCRIPTION OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY COURSES
MBC 201: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3
18
CREDIT
Acid Base Chemistry, Buffers and pH
The Physical and Chemical Properties of water: the role of water in the biological
system
Chemical kinetics and orders of reactions
Organic reactions
Biochemistry and Medicine, Roles and interrelationship
MBC 211: CHEMISTRY OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
1.
Structure, Properties and Functions of Carbohydrates.
2.
Structure, Properties and Functions of Amino acids and Proteins
3.
Structure, Properties and Functions of lipids
4.
Structure, Properties and Functions of Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids.
5.
Membrane Structure and Functions
MBC 291: MEDICAL BIOCHEM. PRACTICAL
1.
Buffers
2.
Tests for carbohydrates
Molisch test
Clinistix test for glucose
Seliwanoff’s test for ketohexoses
Benedict’s qualitative test for reducing sugars
Quantitative test for sugars
3.
Induction of experimental Diabetic Ketoacidosis
4.
Protein tests
Acid Precipitation Test
Salting out.
MBC 222: BIOENERGETICS AND ENZYMOLOGY
1.
Flow of Energy and matter through the Biosphere
2.
Elementary Thermodynamics Thermodynamic systems, laws of Thermodynamics,
Standard Free Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy and Interrelationship
18
3
3
3
3
3
15
3.
Energy Transformations and Coupling, ATP as the Universal carrier of energy,
other compounds and Nucleoside triphosphates in the transfer of high energy
phosphates.
4.
Oxidation Reduction reactions, reduction potentials, standard reduction potential and
it’s measurement
5.
Medical Enzymology Enzymes and Kinetics, Use of Enzymes in Medicine.
MBC 232:
METABOLISM AND BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS
1.
Haem Chemistry and porphyrin biosynthesis, Inborn errors of porphyrin metabolism
2.
Digestion and Absorption
3.
Metabolism of carbohydrates and its inborn errors
4.
Metabolism of Lipids and it’s inborn errors
5.
Metabolism of Amino Acids and its inborn errors
6.
Nucleic acid metabolism and it’s inborn errors.
MBC 292: MEDICAL BIOCHEM. PRACTICAL II
1.
Fractionation of Plasma Proteins
2.
Qualitative test for Protein
Biuret test for proteins
Folin Ciocalteau test for proteins
3.
Qualitative and quantitative determination of amino acids
Ninhydrin method
Spot test for amino acids
4.
Solubility and Isoelectric points proteins
5.
Test for proteins in Urine
Turbidiometric tests
Sulfosalicy test
Coagulation test
6.
Test on Lipids
Solubility test
Lipid extraction
7.
Separation of Lipid Components
Thin layer chromatography (TLC)
Test for phospholipids
MBC 331: INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, XENOBIOTICS AND
ACTION OF ANTIBIOTICS
1.
-
DNA metabolism replication, repairs and recombination
Transcription, reverse transcription, regulation of transcription, operons, post
transcriptional processing of RNA & DNA.
2.
Regulation of Gene Expression
3.
Protein Synthesis – genetic code, initiation, elongation and termination of protein
synthesis, post translation processing,
Action of antibiotics protein synthesis
-
19
4.
Xenobiotics metabolism of foreign compounds (Drugs) Phase I and II reactions.
Microsomal and Non Microsomal Enzymes Cyt. P450 and other DMES.
5.
Forensic Biochemistry
MBC 341: NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
1.
Foods and Nutrients, Biomedical Importance, Types and composition of food. Daily
Food Plan and Essentials of Diet. Energy expenditure and Basal metabolic rate.
Mutagens and Antimutagens in Food.
2.
Under nutrition and Starvation Nutritional Pathology/Disorders Kwashiorkor,
Marasmus, Obesity, Lipoprotein associated diseases, cholesterol and cardiovascular
diseases.
3.
Nutrition Requirements of special groups pregnant women, lactating Mothers,
Alcoholics. Nutrition and Infections.
4.
Vitamins Liposoluble and Hydrosoluble, Minerals
5.
Coenzymes Structure and Functions.
MBC 342: SPECIAL TOPICS IN BIOCHEMISTRY
1.
Endocrinology: Structure, Functions and Molecular Mechanism of Action of Steroid,
Thyroid and Polyptide Hormones
2.
Immunochemistry: Molecular basis of immune reactions, structure and functions of
immunoglobulins, Antigen-Antibody interactions, Immunological laboratory
methods.
3.
Neurobiochemistry - Brain Biochemistry The Neuron; Structure Composition and
Metabolism. Neurohumoural Transmission, Regulatory Mechanism.
4.
Introduction to Recombinant DNA Technology.
MBC 340: INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Liver and renal function tests. Blood Chemistry and blood functions (including blood
clotting mechanism). Molecular diseases. Acid-basis balanced. Diagnostic and therapeutic
Enzymology. Haemoglobinopathies. Other body fluids including cerebrospinal fluid,
synovial aqueous and vitreous humors, intestinal fluid, lymph, tears and semen, their
chemistry and functions. Metabolic diseases including diabetes, etc.
MBC 344: BIOCHEMICAL INSTRUMENTATION AND TECHNIQUES
Principles of instrumentation. Principles, methodology and applications of electrophoresis,
chromatography, spectroscopy and spectrophotometry, centrifugation and isotopic
techniques. Microanalysis in Biochemistry. Gel filtration, ion exchange, affinity, gasliquid
chromatography and applications in Biochemistry. NMR spectroscopy. Liquid scintillation
counting in Biochemistry. Radiommunoassay. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA), etc Methods of investigation of intermediary metabolism. Recent advances
Biochemistry instrumentation, techniques and methods.
20
MBC 346: ENZYMOLOGY AND BIOCHEMICAL REGULATION
Vitamins and co-enzymes. Fats and water soluble vitamins. Structure, functions and coenzymes. Classification and nomenclature of enzymes. Enzymes inhibition. Mechanism of
enzymes-catalysed reactions. Effects of temperature, pH, ions and inhibitors on enzymes
catalysed reactions. Michealis-Menten Equation. Allosteric/regulatory enzymes. Actives sites
of enzymes. Estimation of kinetic parameter km, V Ki. Zymogen activaton. Digestive
enzymes etc. production, isolation, purification and characterization of enzymes. Recent
advances in Enzymology. Control of enzymes activity and metabolism. Hormonal and
nervous system regulation of biochemical mechanism.
MBC 348: COMPARATIVE AND PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY
Comparative aspects of metabolism in different groups of organism and the implications.
Biochemical aspects of evolution. Colonization of fresh water and dry land. Conservation of
water. Comparative metabolism and excretion of nitrogen. Comparative distribution of Nbases and phosphagens. Comparative metabolism of purines. comparative respiration in
animals, respiration pigments. Comparative nutrition and digestion. Metabolism in plants.
Respiratory and photosynthesis in plants and micro-organism. Respiratory mechanism in
micro-organisms and plants. Energy conversation and ATP formation in chloroplast,
mitochondria and bacteria. The photosystems in photosynthesis. Fixation of CO2. plants and
microbial pigments.
MBC 350: GENE EXPRESSION AND REC DNA TECHNOLOGY
Replication Transcription and Translation in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Regulation of Gene
Expression in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Action of Antibiotics on Gene Expression
Recombinant DNA Technology, methods of gene amplification PCR and cloning
Techniques, the Biology of HIV infection.
MBC 401: RESEARCH PROJECT
Students will be guided by lecturers to learn at the bench, modern biochemistry methods
that will be applicable in their projects. Bench works involving techniques applicable to
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, food chemistry, nutritional biochemistry and
biochemical toxicology will be taught and the students exposed to research methods.
MBC 411: ADVANCED BIOCHEMISTRY OF MACROMOLECULES
Structure, functions and metabolism of complex carbohydrates (including
mucoploy/saccharides, glycoproteins, and bacterial cell wall polysaccharides. Polypeptides,
nucleoproteins, branched chain lipids, polynucleotides complex lipids and Lipoproteins).
MBC 413: BIOCHEMICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY/GENETICS
General consideration of endocrine systems. Chemistry and biochemical effects of thyroid/
parathyroid hormones. Hormones of the gonads and adrenal glands. The pancreatic
hormones. Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Recent advances in studies
of hormones. Biochemistry of gene expression. Reapplication, transcription, and translation a
brief review. The genetic code and protein synthesis, gene mutation and genetic disorder,
genetic, engineering, regulation.
MBC 415: BIOCHEMISTRY OF SPECIALIZED TISSUES AND IMMUNOCHEMISTRY
21
Biochemistry of muscles, kidney, liver, adipose tissue, blood. General metabolism of the
brain. Biochemistry of reproduction tissues and reproduction. Immunochemical techniques
and immunology. Body defense mechanisms.
MBC 402: RESEARCH PROJECT
Independent research finding into selected areas/topics of interest to the academic staff.
Students will be required to carry out literature survey on the topics, perform experiments and
produce reports (preferable at the end of the second semester). Students will be subjected to
both seminar and oral examination on the project undertaken.
MBC 404: FORENSIC BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
Adulteration of foods, drinks and rugs. Quality control of foods and drugs. Contamination of
foods and drugs. Forensic and toxicology examinations. Determination of toxic substances in
foods environment, body and fluids and tissues. Detoxification and excretion of foreign
substances. Biochemical mechanisms in toxicology.
MBC 406: ADVANCED CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Biochemical aspects of diagnosis and therapeutics. Body fluid homeostasis and related
conditions. The chemical basis to techniques in clinical biochemistry. Biochemical
mechanisms in clinical biochemistry.
MBC 408: INDUSTRIAL BIOCHEMISTRY
A short review of microbial physiology and genetics. A review of general metabolic
pathways, control and application in industrial processes. Continuous culture methods;
principles and applications. Fermentations-alcoholic, amino acids antibiotics and secondary
metabolites. Primary and secondary metabolism. Process evaluation and development.
Overproduction of metabolism-amino acids, taste enhancers, vitamins, toxins, etc. screening
and selection of microorganism of industrial importance. Induction of mutagens in microorganism and plants. Strain selection/development and enhancement,. Gene dosage and its
application in industrial processes.
MBC 410: PHARMACOLOGICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(Biochemical Pharmacology) cellular metabolism in infected cells. Biochemical aspect of
host- parasite relationship. Metabolic factors affecting chemotherapeutic agents. Theories of
mechanism of drug action. Drug resistances and other factors affecting drug efficacy.
Physiology and biochemical action of some drugs. Nigerian, traditional medicine plants in the
management and therapy of common ailments in Nigeria-malaria, diabetes, sickle-cell
anemia, common cold, hepatitis. Etc.
3.
B.SC. PHYSIOLOGY
YEAR III 2ND SEMESTER
S/NO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
COURSE
CODE
PHS 320
PHS 322
PHS 324
PHS 326
PHS 328
COURSE TITLE
Body fluid physiology
Exercise physiology
Selected topics in GIT physiology
Advanced Neurophysiology
Advanced Practical physiology
SIWES and Seminar
22
CREDIT
3
3
3
3
3
6
Total
21
YEAR IV 1ST SEMESTER
S/NO
COURSE
COURSE TITLE
CODE
1.
PHS 421
Neurophysiology special senses
2.
PHS 423
Analytical methods
3.
PHS 425
Environmental physiology
4.
PHS 427
Research methods in physiology
5.
PHS 429
Puerperal Nervous system physiology
Total
CREDIT
3
3
3
3
3
15
YEAR IV 2ND SEMESTER
S/NO
COURSE
COURSE TITLE
CODE
1.
PHS 422
Seminar course in human nutrition
2.
PHS 424
Seminar course in Adv. Endocrinology
3.
PHS 426
Seminar course in physical methods in physiology
4.
PHS 428
Research project
Total
CREDIT
DESCRIPTION OF COURSES PHYSIOLOGY
PHS 201: General Physiology
Introductory Physiology
Homeostasis. The concept of negative feedback control functional organization of the cell;
the cell membrane and the organelles transport of substances across cell membranes.
Excitable Tissues
Membrane Potentials. Resting membrane potentials, Receptor potential, Action potential.
Synaptic transmission. Skeletal Muscles; structure, electrical and mechanical properties.
Molecular basis of muscle contraction. Smooth muscles; Peculiarities of the myocardium.
Introduction to Autonomic Nervous System
Enteric, Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems. Functional organization of the
parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. Functions of the ANS.
PHS 211: Blood
Composition. Measurement of blood volume. Functions of blood. Haematopoiesis.
Red Blood Cells: erythropoiesis: sites, stages, types of
haemoglobin, nutritional
requirements and regulation. Normal values and indices. Destruction of red cells; Bilirubin
formation and disposal.
Anaemia, Jaundice.
Blood Groups: ABO and Rhesus. Blood transfusion
mismatched transfusion. Rhesus incompatibility.
23
compatibility;
consequences of
3
3
3
6
15
Platelets; origins, normal values. Haemostasis white Blood Cells: Development; Normal
Values and variations. Pathophysiology of Acute Inflammation. Development and life
history of Lymphocytes Nature of Antibodies. Immune Response. Complement system.
PHS 291: Practical physiology 1
PHS 222: Cardiovascular System
Functional organization of the CVS. Physiology of the myocardium. Electrocardiography.
The cardiac cycle Haemodynamics and physics of the circulation Regulation of arterial
Blood Pressure. The capillary system & lymphatic circulation Venous return and Cardiac
Output
Foetal circulation and circulation through Special Regions Shock, Hypertension and Cardiac
failure
PHS 232: Respiration
Overview of the processes involved in respiration. Functional anatomy of the lungs and
airways. Mechanics of Pulmonary Ventilation. Factors responsible for elastic recoil of the
lungs. Pulmonary compliance.
Lung volumes, static and dynamic.
Alveolar-capillary Gas Exchange
Transport of oxygen in the blood. Importance of haemoglobin. Oxyhaemoglobin
dissociation curve. Transport of CO2- mechanisms.
Control of Respiration; nervous and chemical control Respiratory Failure & Tests of
Pulmonary Function
PHS 242: Kidney and Body Fluids
Functions. The Nephron; structure and function. Glomerular
filtration; dynamics.
Factors affecting,. Renal clearance concept and use in measurement of GFR and renal blood
flow. Tubular transport mechanisms. Regulation of Osmolarity of Body Fluids. Regulation
of pH of Body Fluids. Disturbances of Acid – Base Balance. Regulation of ECF volume.
Long-term Control of Arterial Blood Pressure . Renal Failure and Renal Function Tests
Micturition. Body Fluid Compartments. Cerrebrospinal Fluid.
PHS 292: Practical Physiology 2
PHS 351: Alimentary System
Nervous and Hormonal Control of the gut (the gastrointestinal hormones). Motility of the
gut: swallowing; gastric motility and emptying; intestinal peristalsis; Defecation. Vomiting.
Secretions of the alimentary system: composition, mechanism of secretion, functions &
regulation of secretion of saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, and bile. Digestion and
Absorption of fat, protein and carbohydrates. Absorption of water and electrolytes. The
Liver and its Functions.
PHS 361: Endocrine System
Types of cell-to-cell signaling. Organization of hormone secreting cells. Classification of
hormones and mechanisms of action of hormones at cellular level
Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus in the control of endocrine glands. Hormones of posterior
pituitary gland. Diabetes insipidus; syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. Hormones of
anterior pituitary gland.
24
Growth hormone: actions and control of secretion. Disorders of growth hormone secretion.
Thyroid Gland: Histological structure; synthesis, secretion and actions of thyroid hormones.
Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
Adrenal Cortex: synthesis, control of secretion and actions of hormones.
Disorders of adrenocortial secretion. Endocrine Pancreas: Insulin; secretion, regulation of
secretion, actions of insulin.
Glucagons: secretion, control, and actions, Glucose homeostasis.
Pathophysiology of Diabetes mellitus
Physiology of Bone, and Calcium Metabolism. Vitamin D: synthesis and actions. Rickets and
osteomalacia. Parathyroid glands: secretion and actions of parathormone.
Disorders of parathyroid secretion. Calcitonin
PHS 371: Reproduction
Meiosis. Puberty. The Male Reproductive System. Spermatogenesis. Functions of Sertoli
cells. Male sexual response. Endocrine functions of the testis. Actions of testosterone.
The Female Reproduction System. The menstrual cycle; hormonal changes during
menstrual cycle. Ovarian hormones; synthesis, actions.
a
Physiology of Pregnancy. Hormones from the foetus and placenta. Effects of pregnancy on
maternal systems. Breast development, lactation and milk ejection clinical disorders of the
reproductive system.
PHS 391: Practical Physiology 3
PHS 382: Neurophysiology
The somatic Motor Systems. Methods of study: transactions of CNS.
Spinal Motor Mechanisms. Spinal shock. Myotatic sretch reflex; inverse stretch reflex;
withdrawal reflex; other reflexes supporting upright posture and locomotion. Brain Ste
Motor Mechanisms. The information gained from decerebrate rigidity, tonic and righting
reflexes.
Vestibular Apparatus. Role in redistribution of muscle tone with changes in body posture
and righting reflexes
Motor Functions of the Basal Ganglia. Parkinsonism
Motor Functions of the Cerebrellum. Functional organization of the cerebellar.
Neuronal circuits of the cerebellum. Manifestations of cerebellar dystunction.
Pyramidal and Extrapyramidal systems. Pyramidal pathway. Manifestations of upper and
lower motor neuron damage. The Sensory System. Coding of sensory information. Sensory
pathways.
25
Pain sensation and control of transmission. Functions of the Hypothalamus: control of
endocrine glands; regulation of body temperature, regulation of body weight; regulation of
water balance.
EEG, Sleep, Wakefulness and the Reticular Activating System Specialized Functions of the
Association Cortex. Language functions. Aphasia and Dysarthria. Special Senses: Vision:
functional anatomy of the eye, the visual pathways and effects of damage, photoreceptor
mechanism of rods and cones, processing of visual information, adaptation to light and
darkness, optical reflexes, disorders of refraction. Colour vision. Tests of vision (Snellen’s
and Ishihara’s charts). Audition: properties of sound waves, functional anatomy of the
auditory system, auditory pathway, cochlear mechanisms for the transduction of sound
energy, central process of auditory signals. Deafness and tests for hearing. Olfaction, Tastes.
The duration is full time study of three semesters during which the student will study five
areas of physiology in depth and carry out a project presented in the form of a dissertation in
one of the areas. There will be emphasis on practical work and literature review. Most of the
teaching will be seminars. Tutorials, small group discussions and practical exercises.
PHS 320: Blood Fluids Physiology
This course will focus on a deeper understanding on some general principles about fluid
balance, avenues by which water enters and leaves the body. Mechanisms that maintain
homeostasis of total fluid volume and of fluid and electrolyte distribution. Renal function
and it’s determination, regulation of plasma osmolarity and water balance. Disorders of
osmolarity, hyponatraemia and Hypernatraemia, cardiovascular shock.
PHS 322: Exercise Physiology
General physiology of Exercise and some aspects of Sports Medicine, Muscle Morphology,
Endocrine System, Water and Electrolyte in Exercise, Cardiovascular responses in Exercise.
Respiratory adjustments in Exercise. Thermoregulatory System in Exercise.
PHS 324: Selected Topic in G.I.T. Physiology.
The physiology of the gastro- intestinal system. G.I.T. Endocrinology G.I.T. disorders and
physiological basis.
PHS 326: Advanced Course in Neuro-Endocrinology
This course is designed to give an in-depth knowledge in the physiology of endocrine organs.
The concept of control systems. The Nerve System analogue. Comparative study of fast
(Nervous) and slow (Endocrine). Control Systems. The Neuroendocrine systems. The Brain
as an endocrine organ. The Gut as an endocrine organ. Local hormones. The
Hypothalamopitutary axis. The Adenohypophysis; Neurohypophysis Thyroid and parathyroid
glands. Hepatic endocrinology. The pancreas. Renal endocrinology. Andrenal cortex. Adrenal
medulla/. Ovary and Testis. The placenta.
PHS 421: Neurophysiology and Special Senses
This course will focus on a deeper understanding of certain key areas of the Central Nervous
System. Spinal Reflex mechanisms, Excitation-Inhibition, Localization of function. The
different levels of Control, Control of Movement and Neuromuscular disorders in man. The
Reticular formation in sleep and arousal. Electronencephalo- graphy. The limbic System,
Ocular, Auditory and Gustatory physiology.
26
PHS 423: Analytical Methods in Physiology
This course will give the student a working knowledge of the theoretical and practical basis
for the measurements of physiological parameter. Old and newer methods of measurement
will be compared and contrasted.
PHS 425: Environmental Physiology
This course is designed to give the student an overview of the physiology of high altitudes,
outer space and deep sea acclimatization. Respiratory and Cardiovascular responses and a
brief review of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
PHS 427: Research Methods in Physiology
This course studies the basic concepts of scientific research. Historical perspectives, the need
for research, including research direction. Data collection, analysis and presentation.
Scientific/medical writing.
PHS 429: Peripheral Nervous System Physiology
General Physiology of the Nerve and muscle. The Action potential and nerve transmission.
Receptors and sensory signaling. The Autonomic Nervous System and its applied Physiology
PHS 422: Seminar Course in Human Nutrition.
Energy and protein Requirements. Vitamins, Minerals. Recommended intake of nutrients.
Nutritional deficiency Diseases and Obesity.
PHS 424: Seminar Course in Advanced Endocrinology
Concept of endocrine Physiology. The receptor mechanism for hormone action. Endocrine
organs of major clinical significance
PHS 426: Seminar Course on Physical Methods in Physiology and Bioinstrumentation
Thermal and energy measurements of physiology. Electronics physiology with emphasis on
special problems of Biological amplification. Microscopy and Cinephotograph of
physiological processes.
PHS 428: RESEARCH PROJECT
Student chooses a project topic in consultation with Staff Adviser and the Head of Physiology
Department. Here, emphasis would placed on Practical Work usually in form of laboratory
investigation or field research and Literature Review in form of library-based research, on a
topic in a specialized are. Oral examination would be based on this Dissertation.
GUIDELINES FOR COURSE SYSTEM
For the purpose of teaching and examinations the academic year is divided into two semesters
each of about sixteen weeks of teaching.
The unit of credit for a course is the credit unit. One credit unit is when a class meets one
hour every week for one semester in a lecture or tutorial or for 3 hours every week for
laboratory practical/workshop/field work.
Three credit unit course is when a class meets three hours every week for one semester in a
lecture or tutorial. Every course shall be continuously assessed, and examined at the end of
the semester in which it is given.
27
The maximum number of credit units per semester shall be in line with the University
General and Academic Regulations.
ACADEMIC ADVISERS
Every student shall be attached to an Academic Adviser who must be an academic staff and
who will advise the student on academic affairs as well as on personal matters. Academic
Advisers shall be expected to follow their students’ academic progress and provide
counseling to them.
REGISTRATION OF COURSES
All students shall be required to register their course during the first week of each academic
session. Late registration attracts a surcharge as penalty. Students shall not be allowed to sit
for examination in courses for which they have not previously registered.
CHANGE OF PROGRAMME OF STUDY
A student shall not normally be allowed to change courses until he/she has completed the first
academic session in the present department: This change must be on a duly completed
change of course form from the Registrar’s office.
For transfer to the MBBS Programme candidates must obtain not less than CGPA of 4.0 on 5
point scale.
PROCEDURE FOR INVESTIGATION OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
Examination malpractice shall be defined as all forms of cheating which directly or indirectly
falsifies the ability of a student.
These shall include cheating within an examination hall, cheating outside an examination
hall and any involvement in all illegal examination related offences. Forms of examination
malpractice are categorized as follows:
A.
Cheating within an examination hall
i.
Copying from one another/exchanging question/answer sheets
ii.
Bringing in prepared answer, copying from textbook, notebooks, laboratory
species or any other unauthorized materials smuggled into the examination
hall.
iii.
Collaboration with an invigilator /lecturer involving the invigilator/lecturer
providing assistance to the student.
iv.
Oral/written communication between/ among students in the hall
v.
Bringing handset or any other electronic gadget into examination hall
vi.
Receiving information written/oral from any persons(s) outside
examination
Refusal to stop writing at the end of an examination
vii.
28
an
2.
viii.
Impersonation
vix.
Non-submission of answer scripts at the end of an examination
x.
Illegal removal of answer script at the end of examination
xi.
Attempting to destroy and/or destroying evidence of examination malpractice
Cheating outside the examination hall
i.
Plagiarism is a form of examination malpractice and shall be investigated and
punished. Plagiarism is the use of another person’s work without appropriate
permission from and acknowledgement of the person both in the text and in
the reference at the end.
ii.
Copying laboratory and field work reports and/or term papers of others.
iii.
Colluding with a member of staff to obtain questions or answers before an
examination.
iv.
Colluding with a member of staff to exchange and/or re-write answer sheet
after an examination.
v.
Writing of projects, laboratory and/or field reports on behalf of a student by a
member of staff .
vi.
Soliciting for marks after an examination
vii.
Secretly breaking into a staff office or departmental office in order to obtain
question papers, answer scripts or mark sheets or substituting a fresh answer
script for the original script
3. Related Offences
i.
Manipulation of registration forms in order to sit for an examination for
which the student is not qualified
ii.
Sitting for an examination for which the student is not qualified as a result of
manipulation of registration forms.
iii.
Colluding with a medical doctor in order to obtain an excuse duty/medical
certificate on grounds of feigned illness.
iv.
Producing a fake medical certificate
v.
Assault/harrassment /intimidation of an invigilator within or outside the
examination hall.
vi.
Harrassment/intimidation or threats to extort sex/money or other favours
from students by a member of staff in exchange for grades.
29
Punishment for Examination Malpractice shall be in line with the university’s General and
Academic Regulations.
SECRET SOCIETIES /CULTS
Secret societies/cults are antisocial and are banned by the university. Any student found to
belong to a secret society/cult shall be expelled.
REGULATION
GOVERNING
THE
DISSERTATION
The regulation stated below shall be followed:
PRESENTATION
OF
PROJECTS/
i.
Size of Paper
The size of paper shall be A4
ii.
Signatories
The underlisted members of Examiners Board shall sign the certificate
dissertation.
-
Supervisor(s)
Head of Department
External Examiner/ Chairman of Board of Examiner
iii.
Format and layout
A project / Dissertation shall be made up as follows
Title page
Certification page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract 200 – 300 words single line spacing
Table of contents
List of Tables, figures and graphs
Body of project dissertation
References
Appendices
-
for
Details on styles of presentation are expected to be provided by the respective departments.
DRESS CODE
There is need for students to dress properly at all times especially during
lectures/examination as follows:
i.
Males -
white short on black trouser
ii.
Females -white blouse on knee – length black skirts
iii.
All students must put on their laboratory coats during practical
All lecturers are required to enforce these regulations.
30
ATTENDANCE TO LECTURES AND PRACTICALS.
A minimum of 75% attendance to lectures and practical sessions is a mandatory requirement
for any student to qualify to sit for semester and professional examination in the faculty.
31
ACADEMIC REGULATION
STUDENT ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE
As approved by the University senate at its 4th Regular Meeting held on
6th June, 2013.
1.0 Introduction
The Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo (FUNAI) is committed to ensuring that assessment
practices are fair, consistent, transparent and effective in measuring student attainment of the
intended learning outcomes. The student assessment procedure of FUNAI is intended to
provide guidance for staff in relation to the administration and conduct of assessments at the
University. It also outlines the quality control, assurance and enhancement mechanisms in
place to assure the quality and standards of our assessment strategy.
Importantly, the student assessment procedure aligns the University’s practice in assessment
with National Universities Commission standards and benchmark and will enable the
University to ensure clarity and consistency of approach across the diverse discipline areas
represented.
1.1 Designing Assessment
An assessment provides a measure of student performance. In designing course assessment,
the following are the key issues to note:
1. Assessment methods must be appropriate for the intended learning outcomes for a
programme and/or course.
2. All courses must have three elements of summative assessment as follows: MidSemester test (15%), Coursework (15%) and end of semester exam (70%). However,
for practical courses, cumulative assessments carry a total of 30%.
3. At least one assessment task for each subject must require students to produce written
work (e.g. essay, problem solving exercise, short answer exercise).
4. Draft examination question papers are submitted to the Head of Department three
days before the official commencement of examination for each semester, so as to
allow adequate time for the moderation of the question papers both internally and
externally and for such changes that are necessary to be made.
5. Assessment methods may require reasonable adjustment for students with a disability.
6. Group work must be assessed by means which allow the real contribution of each
member of the group to be determined.
32
7. While lecture attendance records must be kept, marks cannot be awarded for
attendance per se.
Specifically, the role of the course coordinator/lecturer as it relates to assessment is to:
1. Prepare assessment in line with the approved course specification format;
2. Submit on the appointed time assessment brief (draft coursework/examination papers)
and marking schemes/ indicative answer to the HOD;
3. Take account of suggestions and recommendations proposed by the HOD or External
Examiner(for final year courses);
4. Mark the assessment, submit the mark sheets and originals of assessments including
the examination scripts to the HOD on the appointed time;
5. Attend meetings of the Departmental/Examiners Boards to verify marks
and contribute to the discussion of grades and awards.
The University coursework form (see appendix 1) must be used for the preparation of
coursework briefs and examination papers. The University coursework form provides
information to students on the aims of the assessment and brief description of the learning
outcomes and hand in deadline. A coursework marking scheme form (see appendix 2) is also
available and should include the assessment criteria relevant to the coursework. A detailed
narrative describing what is expected for each criterion achieved for all grades must also be
included. For generic grade descriptors, the lecturers should consult the university grade
distributor as specified below.
1.2 Assessment and examination confidentiality
All assessment documentation MUST be kept internally and safely by the Head of
Department for one academic session, after which it shall be sent to the Registrar’s Office.
Course coordinators are responsible for releasing coursework briefs and coursework marking
schemes to students at the beginning of the academic semester, and to discuss the structure
and nature of exam papers with the students during the lectures. However, no details of the
exam paper questions or indicative answers should be provided to students.
2.0 Marking: Policy and Procedure
2.1 Independent marking Procedure (IMP)
Independent marking is a standard procedure in world class universities. Independent
marking describes a process whereby summative assessments are either double marked or
second marked.
33

Double blind marking: This involves two internal assessors who mark
independently of each other against the assessment criteria.

Second marking: This requires the second marker to mark with prior knowledge of
the first marker’s comments. In addition to arriving at a mark, the second marker will
also review the proper application of the assessment processes.
Double blind marking
 Double marking should be applied to some professional courses, final year
projects, dissertations or equivalents. All final year projects/dissertations, include,
as for any other courses in the university, assessment criteria and their description for
each relevant undergraduate grade. Two markers mark the student’s work ‘blind’ (i.e.
without sight of the other marker’s mark). Each records a mark and comment.
Markers may work in parallel or sequentially; in the latter case, marks and comments
should be written on separate sheets and not disclosed until the markers meet to
discuss their marks. Through this discussion, the markers will determine an agreed
mark and feedback which should be recorded on the student’s work/feedback form
being returned to the student. When there are significant differences between the
marks awarded to an individual student (e.g. a class difference, or a difference of
more than 5 marks within a class), the markers record a separate justificatory
comment for reaching the agreed mark. The original marks, the agreed mark and
justificatory comments are recorded on the final collated marks sheet which will not
be made available to the student.

If the two markers cannot reach an agreed mark on a student’s work, a third marker
will be appointed by the Head of Department. The third marker may mark with or
without reference to the earlier marks and then discuss the mark she/he has awarded
with the first and second markers as appropriate. Normally the third marker would be
expected to stay within the bounds of the first two markers unless there is a good
reason to award a mark outside the boundaries already set. The third marker should
arbitrate to reach a mutually agreed mark. In exceptional circumstances where a mark
cannot be mutually agreed, the third marker’s mark will stand. Details of the basis of
the discussion and/or agreement on the final mark must be recorded for audit
purposes.
3.0 External Examiner
34
An External Examiner is an independent expert outside of Federal University Ndufu-Alike
Ikwo who is a member of the broader university system within the programme’s field of
learning, and whose accomplishments attest to his/her likelihood of having the authority
necessary to fulfill the responsibility of the role of an external examiner. External examiners
play a leading role in assuring the quality of the University’s programmes. The specific
duties of the External Examiner are as follows:
1. To read the course specification of the courses for which the External Examiner is
responsible and to be aware of their academic content and learning objectives and
outcomes;
2. To read the draft version of final examination papers and marking schemes; the
External Examiner has the right to make amendments or alterations to the
examination materials as deemed appropriate;
3. To review a representative sample of examination scripts, including all “A” grades,
fails and borderline cases. Examiners have the right to access all assessed work but
typically the external examiner should expect to receive a representative sample of
student work from the top, middle and bottom assessment ranges. The work should
be taken from the sample independently marked by the School;
4. To be available for consultation with Internal Examiners on suggested changes to
course content, final examination content or grades. External examiners may also
make recommendations to change individual marks providing they have reviewed the
work of every student for that assessment to ensure no students are unfairly
advantaged/disadvantaged. In matters where there is a difference of opinion between
the Internal and External Examiners, the opinion of the external examiners shall
override.
5. To submit to the Vice chancellor a report on the administration and academic quality
of the examinations and the comparability of the standards to BMAS and International
Best Practice.
3.1 Procedure for the appointment of External Examiner
35
An External Examiner is proposed by the Head of Department (Chief Examiner) to the
Departmental and Faculty Boards of Examiners after making sure that the proposed person
has no existing relationship with the University or key personnel; in other words, that there is
no conflict of interest between the proposed person and the University. The proposed name is
then put to the Senate for approval. If the nomination is approved, the appointee is written an
official letter of appointment, and the Head of Department, Dean or the Registrar contacts the
nominee with the request to serve as an External Examiner and with an explanation of the
position’s duties.
3.2 The Criteria for the Nomination and Appointment of External Examiners include
the following:
1. The primary criterion is that an external examiner nominated for appointment should
be a person of academic or professional distinction, whose association with a
particular programme(s) is considered to enhance the academic integrity of the
programme(s).
2. An External Examiner should be a person with considerable third-level academic
experience (Ph.D.) and not below the rank of senior lecturer standing in the field for
which he or she is responsible;
3. The External Examiner should hold a qualification in the appropriate discipline that is
at a higher level than the programme for which he or she is responsible;
4. Two External Examiners may be appointed per programme, with one External
Examiner drawn from academia and a second, where appropriate, from business,
industry and professional practice. External examiners drawn from business, industry
or professional practice should be of very senior standing in their fields.
5. Chief examiners should seek to draw nominations from a variety of institutions, and
within a single discipline should avoid multiple nominations from the same
institution.
6. A person who has graduated from the University or left the services of the University
within the previous five years should not be nominated for appointment as External
Examiner.
36
7. It is wholly inappropriate for individuals to canvass institutions on their own behalf
for the purpose of seeking a nomination as an external examiner.
8. An External Examiner is appointed for a maximum period of four years; two years at
first instance renewable for another term of two years.
4.0
Grade Descriptors for undergraduate programmes
The Grade Descriptors, where applicable, indicate criteria that should be applied when
allocating marks for Undergraduate Degree assessed work.
These descriptors align the university’s practice in assessment with National University
Commission standards and benchmark and will enable the university to ensure clarity and
consistency of approach across the diverse discipline areas represented. The grade descriptors
are primarily intended to use in the assessment of written assignments and examinations.
They will, of course, need to be appropriately adapted for the assessment of, for example,
fieldwork, student presentations, and laboratory work.
37
Command of the Subjects
90-100



80-89



70-79


Demonstrates a breadth and depth of
substantive knowledge that is
exceptional and informed by the
highest level of scholarship
Excellent integration of the full range
of appropriate principles, theories,
evidence and techniques
Goes beyond the material displaying
exceptional flair in tackling issues
identified

Demonstrates a breadth and depth of
substantive knowledge that is
comprehensive, accurate, relevant and
informed by advanced scholarship
Excellent integration of a full range of
appropriate principles, theories,
evidence and techniques
Goes beyond the material with
excellent conceptualization which is
original, innovation and/or insightful

Informed by a breadth and depth of
substantive knowledge that is
comprehensive, accurate, relevant with
an awareness of advanced scholarship
Very good integration of a full range of
appropriate principles, theories,
evidence and techniques

38

Subjects Specific Skills and
Practices
Exceptional application of
theoretical and technical
knowledge to achieve learning
outcome
Exceptional professional
presentation using an appropriate
range of resources and reflecting
professional norms




Excellent and original application
of theoretical and technical
knowledge to achieve learning
outcomes
Excellent professional presentation
using an appropriate range of
resources
and
reflecting
professional norms




Consistently applies theoretical and
technical knowledge to achieve
learning outcomes with some
originality
Very
good
professional
presentation using an appropriate
range of resources and reflecting


Scholarly and Professional Skills and
Attitudes
Work that influence how academics and
students think about their discipline
through:
Being original within the discipline on
the basis of its excellence;
Achieving the highest level of
compelling, coherent and concise
argument attainable within the level of
study;
Using a full range of high quality sources
to inform but not dominate the argument.
Work that has real potential to influence
how academics and students may think
about their discipline through:
Being original on the basis of its
excellence in the context of the level of
study;
A compelling, coherent and concise
argument;
Drawing on a full range of high quality
sources.
Work that has some potential to influence
how academics and students may think
about their discipline through:
Some originality on the basis of its
excellence in the context of the level of
study;
Arguments which are coherent, concise

60-69



50-59



Goes beyond the material with very
good conceptualization which is often
original, innovative and/or insightful.
Demonstrates a breadth and depth of
substantive knowledge that is
comprehensive and accurate
Good integration of a range of
appropriate principles, theories,
evidence and techniques
Some good insight into the material
Demonstrates an adequate breadth and
depth of substantive knowledge but
with only a few errors or omissions.
Demonstrates an adequate
understanding of a range of appropriate
principles, theories, evidence and
techniques
Shows some ability to critically engage
with the material
professional norms.





Clear evidence of the application
of theoretical and technical
knowledge to achieve learning
outcomes with few obvious flaws.
Professional presentation using a
good range of resources and
reflecting professional norms.
Adequate application of theoretical
and technical knowledge to achieve
learning outcomes although with
some obvious flaws
Presentation which adequately
reflects relevant professional
norms







40-49


Incomplete breadth and depth of
substantive knowledge with some error
or omissions
Demonstrates an awareness of
appropriate principles, theories ,
evidence and techniques
39



Demonstrates limited ability to put
theory into practice
Demonstrates limited technical
ability but lacking the theoretical
and reflective insights
Presentation with reflects


and frequently compelling;
Drawing on a wide range of high quality
sources.
Work that critically engages with current
thinking in the discipline through:
Clear differentiation between the quality
and appropriateness of sources used;
Arguments which are coherent and
concise and offer robust conclusion;
The development of a good analytical
model.
Work that accurately reports on currents
thinking the discipline through:
The repetition of, rather than critical
engagement with, limited sources;
Adequate differentiation between the
quality and appropriateness of sources
used;
Drawing adequate conclusion which do
not always fully reflect the complexity of
the subject matter
An adequate if unsophisticated analytical
model.
Work that offers understanding of
thinking in the discipline through:
Limited attention paid to the quality,
ranges and appropriateness of sources
used;
Poorly informed opinion led work which

professional practices in a limited
manner
Limited and underdeveloped critical
engagement with the material


30-39



Little relevant knowledge, which is
minimal in its breadth and depth with
major errors or omissions
Minimal awareness of appropriate
principles, theories, evidence and
techniques
Fail to demonstrate sufficient critical
engagement with the material.


Demonstrates a minimal ability to
meet learning outcomes in the
grasp of both theory and technical
knowledge
Presentation which displays little
more than cursory attention to
professional norms




20-29



10-19


Does not demonstrate even a basic
understanding of the subjects matter
Insufficient awareness of appropriate
principles, theories, evidence and
techniques
Little evidence of critical engagement
with the material

Demonstrates confusion over the
subjects matter
Little awareness of appropriate
principles, theories, evidence and
techniques




40
Lacks any real application of skills
to meet learning outcomes
Fails to demonstrate any
substantive meeting of learning
outcomes
No real attention to the disciplinary
norms of presentation
Fails to demonstrate the use of
skills to meet learning outcomes
Fails to demonstrate any
substantive meeting of learning
outcomes


lacks a clear evidence base;
A limited and underdeveloped structure
of arguments;
Work that is limited in coherence and
clarity.
Work that often misrepresents or
misunderstands thinking in the discipline
through:
Minimal attention paid to the quality,
range and appropriateness of sources
used;
Poorly informed opinion led work with a
minimal evidence base;
No real underlying structure of
arguments;
Work that is frequently confused and
incoherent.
Work that fundamentally misrepresents
or misunderstands thinking in the
discipline through:
A lack of attention to the quality, range
and appropriateness of sources used;
Poorly informed opinion-led work rather
than evidence based argument;
No real underlying structure of argument
Work that completely misrepresents or
misunderstands thinking in the discipline
through:
Inadequacy of sources used;
Unsubstantiated assertion with no
evidence base
0-9

No evidence of critical engagement
with the material

No real attention to the disciplinary
norms of presentation

Demonstrates mainly ignorance of the
subject matter by presenting
information of minimal relevance.
Little or no awareness of appropriate
principles, theories, evidence and
techniques


Learning outcomes not met
No real attention to any norms of
presentation.

41



Failure to structure the argument being
presented
Work that completely misrepresents or
misunderstands thinking in the discipline
through:
Absence or misuse of sources;
Work that is confused and incoherent.
1
5.0 SUBMISSION OF COURSEWORK AND PENALTIES FOR LATE
COURSEWORK
An absolute cut-off date should be specified by departments for all coursework submissions
in the department such that any work submitted after that date, will be penalised. The
following caps to be uniformly applied, in the absence of relevant mitigating circumstances
accepted by the BoE:
Up to 1 working day late
Mark capped at 90%
Up to 2 working days late
Mark capped at 80%;
Up to 5 working days late
Mark capped at 70%;
Up to 10 working days late
Mark capped at 60%;
Up to 15 working days late
Mark capped at 50%;
More than 15 working days late
Mark capped at 0%.
A working day is here defined as Monday to Friday at any time of year, with the exception of
Nigeria national holidays.Students with mitigating circumstances (MC) can apply to have
penalties removed via submission of the appropriate form and evidence within 7 days of the
submission deadline.
Each department shall define who shall consider the submitted MCs (normally the relevant
Head of the Department or their nominee) and that person shall consider the MCs in a timely
manner.
The MC Chair may:
 Consider the MCs not significant and decide that the normal penalty should apply;

Decide that the MCs are accepted and define a revised submission deadline for the
student;

Decide that the MCs are serious/long term, suspend the late penalty requirements for
the student’s submission and require the student to be counselled concerning their
learning and assessment work plan.
As well as notifying the student of the MC Chair decision, departments must ensure that all
submitted MCs and the record of the decisions of the MC Chair are brought before the
Faculty Examination Board.
6.0
RETURN OF ASSESSED WORK & RELEASE OF RESULT TO STUDENTS

All written assignments (with the exception of dissertations/projects) must be
marked and returned to students within fourteen working days
from the
submission date in accordance with the fourteen working days service standard for
assessment feedback, unless previously specified in writing to students.
1
2

Students must be provided with clear and detailed feedback on their work. This
should typically take the form of written comments. For examinations, this may
take the form of verbal, written or electronic feedback, whichever is the most
appropriate format. For dissertations, examiners are expected to write a
comprehensive summary of the assessment. Feedback to students should be
constructive as well as appropriately critical.

Only the agreed mark for all assessments should be provided to students. Students
should be made aware that no mark (for coursework or examination) is final until
approved by the Faculty Assessment Board/ Senate and therefore may be subject
to change.

Assignments may be returned to students directly or collected from the
departmental secretary. Coursework assignments that are not collected may be
destroyed after one academic year.

Marked exam scripts are not routinely returned to students but may be viewed by
students. Scripts of all years contributing to the final classification and assessment
of individual students will be retained by the University for one year after the
student’s final examination. All other scripts will be destroyed by the University
one year after the meeting at which the results for the year are finalised.

External review of students’ scripts is to be at a cost to the student whose script is
to be reviewed.

Course coordinators/ assessors may assign either provisional marks or grades to
student work in accordance with University policy, with reference to the standards
set out on the marking scheme/ grade descriptors.

The provisional grade may be released to students once the process for internal
moderation or double blind assessment has been concluded.

Where the timing of the next meeting of senate to consider results would result in
unreasonable delay in the notification of results to students, the Head of
Department shall be responsible for notifying individual students of their
provisional grades for the relevant case assessment. In this case, students should
2
3
be advised that such provisional grades are subject to moderation and ratification
by senate and as such may change before they are confirmed.

A statement at the top of the results page shall read: “Results remain provisional
until they are moderated and ratified by senate. This means that results may move
to the band above or below their current band.”

Only student Matriculation Number shall be indicated on the published course
result sheet.
7.0
ACADEMIC APPEALS AGAINST ASSESSMENT
An Academic Appeal is a procedure that allows a student to challenge the decision of
examiners on specified grounds.
7.1 Grounds for Appeal
A student may appeal against the decision of examiners on any of the following grounds:
1. that there exist circumstances materially affecting the student's performance which
were not known to examiners when its decision was taken and which it was not
reasonably practicable for the student to make known to the examiner beforehand;
2. that there were procedural irregularities in the conduct of the examinations and/or
assessment procedures, including assessment of coursework, of such a nature as to
create a reasonable possibility that the result might have been different had they not
occurred;
3. i) that there is evidence of prejudice or bias on the part of one or more examiners;
ii) that there is evidence of inadequate assessment on the part of one or more
examiners.
7.2 Challenges to Academic Judgment
A student cannot appeal solely because the result is worse than he/she would have wished or
worse than that the student feels he/she deserve. No appeal will be allowed on the grounds
that, although the decision of the examiners was properly made, the student believes the
Board of Examiners to have erred in its judgment of the academic standard achieved.
7.3 Mitigating Circumstances
3
4
An appropriate medical certificate from FUNAI Medical Centre must support any appeal
citing medical factors. Medical certificates should normally be submitted at the time of the
illness or disability or within 30 days of the examination; retrospective certificates will be
accepted at the complete discretion of the Grade Appeal Committee.
7.4 Make-Up Assessments
Make-up tests and examinations are only allowed for students who missed such
text/examination due to mitigating circumstances. These include cases of:
Illness by students, backed –up with Medical reports from FUNAI Medical Centre; and other
reasons of being absent with permission obtained through the Dean of students’ affairs.
7.5 Procedure for Appeals
1. Students considering an appeal should first discuss their concerns with the lecturer
concerned. If this fails to produce a resolution acceptable to the student, the matter
may be raised with the Head of Department for internal resolution.
2. In order to submit a case for internal resolution to their HOD, the student must
demonstrate that an accommodation was not reached with the lecturer and, clearly
delineate which appeal criteria are the basis of the petition. The case should be
submitted in writing within 10 working days of notification of their results. A student
appealing more than 10 working days after publication of their results will be required
to satisfy their HOD that they were unable, for good reason, to submit a case within
10 working days of notification. HODs will normally be required to determine the
outcome of a case submitted for internal resolution within 10 working days of receipt
of the case.
3. The HOD’s Office checks the examination transcript and results broadsheet for any
arithmetical errors and to verify that the lecturer’s handwritten grades were correctly
inputted on the system. If there are no clerical errors, the HOD or designee will
attempt to resolve the matter. Where a case cannot be resolved to the satisfaction of
the student by internal resolution, the HOD will provide the student with a formal
record of the conclusion of internal resolution.
4. If there is no successful resolution at the departmental level, the appeal will be
forwarded to the Dean of Faculty. Students who submit a case to the Dean of Faculty
4
5
will normally be asked to provide a copy of the formal record of internal resolution
and pay N3,500 to the university for each of the examination scripts to be reviewed.
The Dean will constitute a Grade Appeal Committee (GAC).
The GAC will
investigate and make a determination of the remedy, if warranted. The GAC shall first
consider the grounds of each appeal on the basis of the written evidence submitted by
the appellant and may call for further evidence from any person as necessary. The
Committee shall determine whether the written evidence disclosed a prima facie case.
If the Committee considers that no prima facie case exists, it may either ask the
student to provide further written particulars or reject the appeal. A minute of the
proceedings of the Grade Appeal Committee shall be kept by the Secretary. The
decision of the GAC will be presented to the Senate. If the Senate accepts the findings
and recommendations of the GAC, it is resolved to be effected and communicated to
the affected student immediately.
5. Finally, the student is sent a letter indicating the result of the review by the Registrar
or Academic Secretary. The grade review process applies to individual courses only.
The University does not provide for appeals of GPA or final award levels; these are
objectively based on the grade point values for courses attempted and are not subject
to interpretation.
8.0 GRADING SYSTEM
The recent NUC approved guideline on grading system shall be applicable.
MARK/SCORE
70 – 100
60 – 69
50 – 59
45 – 49
Below 45
LETTER
NOTATION
A
B
C
D
F
GRADE POINT
5
4
3
2
0
COMPUTATION OF GRADE POINT AVERAGES (GPA) AND CUMULATIVE
GRADE POINTS AVERAGES (CGPA)
Every course carries a fixed number of credit units (CU). Quality points (QP) are derived by
multiplying the credit units for a course by the grade points earned by the student. E.g. In a
course with 3 credit units in which a student earned an A with 5 grade points, the Quality
points is 3 x 5 = 15.
5
6
Grade Points Average (GPA) is derived by dividing the total quality points for the semester
by the total credit units for the semester e.g. in a semester where a student earned 84 quality
points for 24 credit units, GPA = 84/24 = 3.5
Cumulative Grade Points Average (CGPA) is derived by dividing the total quality points
for all the semester by the total credit units. E.g. If total quality points for a student is 326 and
the total credit units is 96; CGPA = 326/96 = 3.4.
Good Standing
A student is considered to be in Good Standing or Not in Good Standing based on his/her
standardised Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA). Any student whose Cumulative
Grade Point Average (CGPA) is below 1.50 at the end of the Academic Session is adjudged
not to be in Good Standing.
Probation
Probation is a status granted to a student whose academic performance falls below an
acceptable standard. A student whose Cumulative Grade Point Average is below 1.50 at the
end of a particular year of study, earns a period of probation for one academic session.
Withdrawal
A student whose Cumulative Grade Point Average falls below 1.50 at the end of a particular
period of probation should be required to withdraw from the University. However, in order
to minimise waste of human resources, consideration may be given to withdrawal from
programme of study and possible transfer to other programmes within the same University.
Repeating Failed Course Unit(s)
Subject to the conditions for withdrawal and probation, student may be allowed to repeat the
failed course Unit(s) at the next available opportunity, provided that the total number of
credit units carried during that semester does not exceed 24, and the Grade Points earned at
all attempts shall count towards the CGPA. Thus, the Grade earned for a repeated course will
be recorded and used in computation of the Grade Point Average in the usual way.
Degree Classifications
Classes of degree are to be awarded depending on the cumulative GPA obtained. The classes
of degrees that may be awarded are First Class Honours, Second Class Honours (Upper
Division), and Second Class Honours (Lower Division), Third Class Honours.
CLASS OF DEGREE
MARKS OBTAINABLE
CGPA
First Class
70-100
4.50 – 5.00
Second Class (Upper Division)
60-69
3.50 – 4.49
6
7
Second Class (Lower Division)
50-59
2.40 – 3.49
Third Class
45-49
1.50 – 2.39
Fail
Less than 1.5
Note: The Nigerian university system does not award PASS Degree any longer.
Source: National Universities Commission Undergraduate Benchmark Minimum
Academic Standards for Undergraduate Programmes in Nigerian Universities (2007).
7