WHAT IS A PLANT?
 A multicellular eukaryote
 Has a cell wall
 Carries out photosynthesis and makes its own food.
WHAT DO PLANTS NEED TO SURVIVE?
 Sunlight
 Water & Minerals
 Gas Exchange
 Movement of Water & Nutrients
3.
THE LEAVES OF PLANTS (How does the structure of a leaf enable it to carry out photosynthesis?)
The Leaf  The plant’s main organ of photosynthesis!
 Thin & Flat -- _______________________
 Tissues of the leaf help bring gases, water & nutrients to the cells of the leaf that carry out photosynthesis.

 Leaf structure is also optimal for Gas Exchange and Water Balance. o
Pore like openings on the underside of the leaf - ______________
 Allow CO
2
& O
2
to diffuse into and out of the leaf
 Controls water loss o Structures responsible for opening & closing the stomata _______________
--If the guard cells are swollen with water the stoma can open because they can
afford to lose some water.
--BUT –Once the guard cells have lost water, the opening closes, so that no more water will be lost from the leaf.
--This is why WILTING occurs if plants have lost too much water!!
4) PLANT TISSUES (How are materials moved throughout a plant?
--vascular tissues:
--there are two types of vascular tissues found in plants a) xylem: b) phloem:
Label the plants below as either a monocot or dicot.
____________________ ______________________

--Most types of plants reproduce: _________________________
--FLOWERING PLANTS (_____________________)
MALE GAMETE +
ZYGOTE
FEMALE GAMETE
EMBRYO & SEED
NEW PLANT
1. WHERE DOES SEXUAL REPRODUCTION TAKE PLACE?: _________________________

--A typical flower contains BOTH the male AND female parts!
2. POLLINATION: The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female
reproductive structure.
HOW DOES THIS HAPPEN?
1.
2.
3. FERTILIZATION: The male and female reproductive structures combine to form a new cell.
HOW DOES THIS HAPPEN?
 Pollen ( ___________________________________) lands on sticky stigma.
 The pollen then travels to the ovary. o Sperm #1: Fuses with the egg to form a ZYGOTE (becomes the EMBRYO) o
Sperm #2: Becomes the ENDOSPERM (feeds the embryo)

 A SEED forms around this. o HOW ARE SEEDS DISPERSED?
 Animals
 Wind
--Some types of plants reproduce via: _____________________________________
--This is called ______________________________________
 Enables a single plant to produce many offspring genetically identical to itself!
 Plants grow in response to environmental factors: o
Light o
Moisture o
Temperature o
Gravity
 Plant body parts must be told what to do.
 Plant HORMONES control the responses of plants.
 The growth responses are called: _____________________

 **Read text pg. 646** o
Many plants are prey to plant-eating insects and other animals. o
Plants try to defend themselves against insect attack by making compounds that have powerful effects on animals.
--Examples: