Year 11 Chemistry: Chapter 5 ~ Metals
5.1 Uses of Metals
Metals in different forms are very noticeable all around us. Note down 5 different objects from around the house or farm that are made out of metal:
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There are used for:
 Strength:
 Lightness & strength:
 Ability to form wire:
 Conduct electricity:
 Moulded to produce different objects:
Useful Properties of metals:
 Are good conductors of _____________
 Are good conductors of _________
 Are malleable: ____________________
 Are ductile:______________
 Range of melting temperatures and relatively high boiling temperatures
 High densities (generally)
 Lustrous: _______________
 Hard (generally)
EXCEPTIONS:
 Mercury ( ____ ) is a __________ at room temperature.
 Chromium ( ____ ) is brittle.
 Group I metals ( _________ ) are all soft and react vigorously with water giving off hydrogen gas.
QUESTION 1, 2, 3 & 4.

5.2 Properties and Structure
Property Structure
Metals conduct electricity in the solid state
Metals are malleable
Metals generally have high densities
Metals tend to have high boiling
Diagram temperature
Metals are lustrous or reflective.
The Metallic Bonding Model
The only particles that are small enough to move through a solid lattice are
____________ . If a metal atom loses one or more electrons from its outer shell, it forms a positive ion or _______ .
 Postivie ions are arranged in a closely packed structure. A regular, three-
dimensional lattice of positive ions.
 Smaller negatively charges electrons that have been released from the outer shell of the metal atoms are free to move throughout the lattice. These are known as
___________________ . Electrons that are not free to move throughout the lattice are said to be __________ . Electrons in the inner shells are localised.
 The ions are held in the lattice by the _______________ force, between them are the delocalised electrons. This is ____________ bonding.

Other properties of Metals
 Metals are good conductors of heat. Delocalised electrons bump into each other and into the metal ions, they transfer energy.
 Metals are lustrous, free electrons reflect light and appear shiny.
 Metals are generally dense, ions in a metal lattice are closely packed.
 Metals tend to react by losing electrons.
Limitations of the Metallic Bonding Model
Although this model explains many properties of metals, there are some that cannot be explained as simply:
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QUESTION: 6, 13, 17, 18, 19 & 20.
Extension: 1 & 2.
5.3 Modifying Metals
A few metals are used in their pure form.
 Aluminium does not appear to corrode, has a low density and conducts heat well.
Uses: cookware and foodwraps.
 Copper: excellent electrical conductivity. Use: household electrical wire.
Alloys
 Iron is usually converted to __________ by mixing it with up to 2% of
___________ .
 Gold: Most rings and bracelets are produced in 18- or 9- carat gold. Certain amounts of silver and copper are mixed in.
Alloying is a common modification of metals to change their properties and render them more useful. Another modification is changing the crystal structure of the metal by
_______ treatment or __________ the metal.
Making Alloys
 Substitutional alloys are made up from elements that have fairly similar chemical properties and atoms of similar size (usually another metal) The Australian
‘silver’s coins are made from an alloy: o o o
*Draw Diagram 5.12

 Interstitial alloys: a small proportion of an element with significantly smaller atoms is added to a metal (usually a non-metal). Carbon can be added to iron to produce ________ . The carbon atoms fit randomly in the hollows between the packed metal ions.
*Draw Diagram 5.14
*Choose 3 from the table on pg 86
Alloy Composition Properties Uses
In general alloys are ___________ and less _____________ than the metals from which they are made. They are also poorer ______________ conductors than the pure metal.
Work Hardening and Heat Treatment
The rate at which a metal is cooled has a significant effect of the properties of the solid.
Each individual crystal is a lattice of ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons but the arrangement of individual crystals with respect to one another is random.
*Draw figure 5.17 a

The way a metal behaves – its malleability and brittleness – will depend to some extent on the size of the crystals and the way they are arranged.
Generally the smaller the crystals, the _________ the metal, as these will be less free movement of layers of ions. Smaller crystals also mean more areas of disruption, this usually means that a metal will be more __________ .
Work Hardening
Hammering or working cold metals causes rearrangment of crystal grains and a hardening of the metal. This makes the metal ________ but more ___________ .
Example: Paperclip
Heat Treatment
Treatment Process Effect on Metal
Properties
Effect on Metal
Structure
Annealing
Quenching
Tempering
QUESTIONS: 7, 8, 21bde & 23

Year 11 Chemistry
Thursday
 Complete filling out class notes for Chapter 5
 Ensure you read the Extension: The Transitional Metals (pg 83 – 84)
 Work through Chapter 5 questions
 Chapter 5: 1, 2, 3, 4, 13, 6, Ext 1 & 2, 17, 18, 19, 20, 7, 8, 21bde & 23.
Friday
 Complete Worksheet 13 & 14
 Work on Chapter 5 questions.
EASTER BREAK WORK
 Complete Chapter 5 questions
 READ: Chapter 6 ‘Ionic Compounds’ – pgs 93 -102.
 QUESTIONS: attempt Ch6 Q1, 2ac, 3ac, 4ab, 5a, 6ace, 9 (LHS).
 Summary notes: Chapter 1 – 5 – outcomes and key terms. Summary notes for
Chapters 1 -4 should already be completed. You need to keep on top of this, otherwise you will be over-helmed during mid year exams as you don’t have a study day for your yr11 Exams.
I think this is about 3-4 hours work, over the entire break you should aim to do 3-4 hours of work per subject if you don’t PROCRASTINATE!
Year 11 Chemistry
Thursday
 Complete filling out class notes for Chapter 5
 Ensure you read the Extension: The Transitional Metals (pg 83 – 84)
 Work through Chapter 5 questions
 Chapter 5: 1, 2, 3, 4, 13, 6, Ext 1 & 2, 17, 18, 19, 20, 7, 8, 21bde & 23.
Friday
 Complete Worksheet 13 & 14
 Work on Chapter 5 questions.
EASTER BREAK WORK
 Complete Chapter 5 questions
 READ: Chapter 6 ‘Ionic Compounds’ – pgs 93 -102.
 QUESTIONS: attempt Ch6 Q1, 2ac, 3ac, 4ab, 5a, 6ace, 9 (LHS).
 Summary notes: Chapter 1 – 5 – outcomes and key terms. Summary notes for
Chapters 1 -4 should already be completed. You need to keep on top of this, otherwise you will be over-helmed during mid year exams as you don’t have a study day for your yr11 Exams.
I think this is about 3-4 hours work, over the entire break you should aim to do 3-4 hours of work per subject if you don’t PROCRASTINATE!