Street Lights that Glow
on Detecting Vehicle
Movement
Ayush Garg
microcontroller to switch ON/OFF the LEDs. Thus
this way of dynamically changing intensity ON/OFF
helps in saving a lot of energy. The project uses 8051
microcontroller.
II.
ARCHITECTURE OF
STREET LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
Electronics and Communication Department,
Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh.
The system is designed as a modular system, easily
extendable. The measuring stations are used to
ayushgarg756@gmail.com
observe street conditions depending on the intensity
of daylight, based on the conditions they activate or
Abstract - The project is designed to detect vehicle
movement on highways to switch ON only a block
of street lights ahead of vehicle and to switch OFF
the trailing lights to save energy. During night all
the lights on the highway remain ON for the
vehicles, but lots of energy is wasted when there is
no vehicle movement.
I.
off the lamps. Other factors influencing the activation
are: climatic conditions, seasons, geographical
location, and many possible alternative factors.
For these reasons every lamp is designed independent
to decide about the activation of light.
INTRODUCTION
This proposed system provides a solution for energy
saving. This is achieved by sensing an approaching
vehicle and then switches ON a block of street lights
ahead of the vehicle. As the vehicle passes by, the
trailing lights switch OFF automatically. Thus, we
save a lot of energy. So when there are no vehicles on
the highway, then all the lights remain OFF.
However, there is another mode of operation where
instead of switching OFF the lights completely, they
remain ON with 10% of the maximum intensity of
the light. As the vehicle approaches, the block of
street lights switch to 100% intensity and then as the
vehicle passes by, the trailing lights revert back to
10% intensity again. High intensity discharge lamp
(HID) presently used for urban street light are based
on principle of gas discharge, thus the intensity is not
controllable by any voltage reduction. White Light
Emitting Diode (LED) based lamps are soon
replacing the HID lamps in street light. Intensity
control is also possible by Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM) generated by the microcontroller. Sensors
used on either side of the road senses vehicle
movement and sends logic commands to
Fig 1: Schematic of E-Street light system.
III. LIST OF COMPONENTS
•
VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM 7805)
•
8051 MICROCONTROLLER
•
LEDS
•
Op-Amp(LM358)
•
RESISTORS
•
CAPACITORS
•
IR sensor pairs
•
Transformer
•
Rectifier
is shown in Figure 3 and control flow in Figure 4.
When the signal is detected at the point S, the state of
lamp A switched (On to Off or Off to On), when the
signal gets detected at the point B, the states of lamp
A and lamp C are switched on or off simultaneously,
while point D detects the signal, lamp C and lamp E
are switched on or off simultaneously, while S’
detects the signal, lamp E is switched on or off.
Fig 3: Streetlights schematic
IV.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Fig 2:Ckt. Dig. of Automatic Street Lights
V.
METHODOLOGY USED
The street light control system adopts a dynamic
control methodology. According to this, the initial
state of the lights is set as off. Street light schematic
Fig 4: The control flow chart
VI.
TECHNOLOGY USED
The Intel 8051 microcontroller is one of the most
popular general purpose microcontrollers in use
today. The success of the Intel 8051 spawned a
number of clones which are collectively referred to as
the MCS-51 family of microcontrollers, which
includes chips from vendors such as Atmel, Philips,
Infineon, and Texas Instruments. The Intel 8051 is an
8-bit microcontroller which means that most
available operations are limited to 8 bits. There are 3
basic "sizes" of the 8051: Short, Standard, and
Extended. The Short and Standard chips are often
available in DIP (dual in-line package) form, but the
Extended 8051 models often have a different form
factor, and are not "drop-in compatible". All these
things are called 8051 because they can all be
programmed using 8051 assembly language, and
they all share certain features (although the
different models all have their own special features).
Some of the features that have made the 8051 popular
are:
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4K
B on chip program memory.
128 bytes on chip data memory (RAM).
4 register banks.
128 user defined software flags.
8-bit data bus
16-bit address bus
32 general purpose registers each of 8 bits
16 bit timers (usually 2, but may have more, or
less).
3 internal and 2 external interrupts.
Bit as well as byte addressable RAM area of 16
bytes.
Four 8-bit ports, (short models have two 8-bit
ports).
16-bit program counter and data pointer.
1 Microsecond instruction cycle with 12 MHz
Crystal.
8051 models may also have a number of special,
model-specific features, such as UARTs, ADC,
Operation Amplifiers, etc... It is a very powerful
microcontroller.
VII.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED
SYSTEM
The proposed system consists of ATmega8
microcontroller, PIR sensor, light dependent resistor
and real time clock.
Street lights are switched on depending on the
intensity of the Sun light on LDR. If the intensity of
Sunlight on light dependent resistor is low, its
resistance value is high. This value increases and
becomes high when it is completely in dark. This
resistance value decides when the street lights are
required to switch ON.
As the resistance value is maximum in the midnights,
real time clock comes into the play. The controller
checks peak time during which there is no traffic and
switch OFF the lights. When there is any vehicle on
the road, it is detected by the PIR sensor.
Whenever PIR sensor is detected it just indicates the
microcontroller to switch on the street lights. Then
lights are switched on for 2 to 3minutes and switched
off automatically.
Another way to this approach is, one can maintain
minimum intensity without completely switching off
the lights by using PWM and switch them on to
maximum intensity whenever it detects the vehicle.
Fig 5: Block Diagram
VIII.
ADVANTAGES
•
Power saving
•
LEDs consume less power
•
Easily implementable
•
Low running cost
IX.
DISADVANTAGES
indebted to JETKING INST. OF
HARWARE AND NETWORKING,
Chandigarh for giving us an opportunity
to carry out our project on “” at their
esteemed organization. We would
specially thank Ms Aditi Sharma,
Project Guide, JETKING Chandigarh
for giving time and guidance throughout
our training without whom it would
have been impossible to attain
success.Ours heartiest thanks to
Trainees at JETKING Chandigarh for
helping us throughout the project
tenure.
The only disadvantage of this project is that the
Capital Cost is high.
X.
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
The project can be enhanced by using appropriate
sensors for detecting the failed street light and then
sending an SMS to the control department via GSM
modem for appropriate action.
XI.
INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
•
It can be used in real time street lights and
highways also.
•
It can be used for lights in parking areas of
industries, hotels, restaurants, etc.
XII.
CONCLUSION
The project is designed for LED based street lights using
8051 microcontroller. A number of LED street lights glow
for a specific distance ahead, on sensing an approaching
vehicle and then switches OFF once the vehicle passes by.
Thus a lot of energy is saved in this process. Optionally,
dimming feature can be used in this system while no
vehicles are passing on the road.
XIII.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the very outset, we are highly
XIV.
REFERENCES
[1] www.electronicsmanufacturers.com
[2]www.slideshre.com/automaticirrigatinsystem
using555timer.
[3]WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
[4]WWW.KPSEC.FREEUK.COM
[5]www.engineersforyou.com