A Lexicon of
Biological Word Elements
for
BIOL 3010
Biological and Medical Vocabulary
Georgia College and State University
an excerpt from
Understanding Biological Vocabulary
Second edition, in preparation
Kenneth S. Saladin, Ph.D.
Professor of Biology
1998
Copyright © 1994, 1998 by Kenneth S. Saladin
All rights reserved.
May not be reproduced or distributed in any
form without permission of the author.
A Lexicon of Biological Word Elements
The following lexicon lists about 1,000 biological and medical word roots and affixes
that arise most commonly in undergraduate biology courses. Each entry states the
meaning of the word element and gives examples of its use. Most examples are
biological, but some have been drawn from fields that overlap with biology, such as
psychology, geology, physics, and chemistry.
Word elements are written in the form most commonly encountered in the life
sciences and not necessarily in the form that would be most faithful to the language of
origin (for example, eco rather than oikos). In some cases, the modern implication of a
word is given instead of the original meaning. For example, “small cup” is a more useful
interpretation of acetabulo than the original meaning, “vinegar cup,” would be.
A hyphen before an entry, as in -ac, indicates that the word element is usually used as
a suffix. A hyphen after it, as in ab-, indicates that it usually serves as a prefix. A slash
between a root and a vowel, as in hepat/o, indicates that the vowel is not an inseparable
part of the root, but is a combining vowel, and the root may appear without it (as in
hepatic).
A word element may be entered more than once if it has multiple, relatively unrelated
meanings or functions (see, for example, a, ite, mens). Many word elements have two or
more variations. If the variations would occur consecutively in alphabetical order (for
example, -agog, -agogue), or if they would be within a couple of lines of each other (for
example, amebo, amoebo), they are combined into a single entry. If they would occur
farther apart (for example, caeco, ceco), they are listed individually so you will not have
to search for or guess at another variation to find the element in question. Prefixes are
listed in both original and assimilated forms. For example, there are separate entries for
ad- and af-, for ex- and ef-, and for ob- and oc-.
A
a-a, 1
-a, 2
-a, 3
ababdomin/o
-ac
acanth/o
acar
-aces
-aceous
acetabul/o
aciacousacr/o
actin/o
acu
adaden/o
adip/o
adren/o
adventiti/o
-ae
aer/o
aestat, aest/i
afagagora
agog, agogue
agra
ailuro
-al
al/a
alb/o
alg/i
alges/i
-alia
-alis
all/o
allel/o
alveol/o
amb/i, 1
amb/i, 2
ambly/o
ameb/o, amoeb/o
amni/o
amph/i
ampull/i
amyl/o
anat
an-an
anaandr/o
anem/o
no, not, without
singular noun terminal
plural of -um or -on
combining vowel
away from
abdomen
pertaining to
spine, thorn
mite, tick
plural of -ax
pertaining to, possessing
small cup
point, barb, sharp
sound, hearing
peak, tip, extremity, high
ray
sharp, clear, stinging
to, toward, upon, near
gland
fat
adrenal gland
foreign, added to
plural of -a
air, oxygen
summer
toward
to, toward
market, public place
stimulate, induce
intense pain
cat
pertaining to
wing
white
pain
pain
one of the group
pertaining to
different, other
of one another
sac, pouch, pit, cup
both, either
around
blunt, dull, stupid
change, changeable
amnion, lamb
both, double
vase, flask, dilation
starch
duck
no, not, without
pertaining to
apart, up, through, excessive
male
wind, breath
agranulocyte, aphasia, acoelomate
hematoma, seta, ampulla
septa, ganglia, parapodia
myriapod
aboral, abaxial, abduction
abdominal, abdominocentesis
celiac, cardiac
cystacanth, Acanthocephala
acarine, acarology
thoraces, mastaces
foliaceous, diatomaceous, acanthaceous
acetabulum, Acetabularia
aciculum, acidic
bioacoustics, acoustic nerve
acrosome, acromegaly, acromion, acrophobia
Actinopterygii, Actinomyces, actinic
acute, aculeate, acupuncture, acuity
adductor, adnexae, adhesive
adenosarcoma, lympadenitis
adipose, adipocyte
adrenalectomy, adrenalin
adventitious, tunica adventitia
vertebrae, antennae, rugae
aerobic, aerophyte, aerodynamics
aestivate (var. estivate)
afferent
agglutinate, aggregate
agoraphobia
chloragog, sialagogue
pellagra
ailurophobia
neural, carpal, skeletal
alate, alula
albumin, albinism, linea alba
neuralgia, myalgia, cephalalgia
analgesic
Mammalia, Animalia
trachealis, basalis, frontalis
allopatric, allergy, allosteric
allele, parallel
pulmonary alveolus, dental alveolus
ambidextrous, ambivalent
ambient
amblyopia
ameba, amebocyte, ameboid
amniotic, amniocentesis
amphibian, amphiphilic
ampulla
amyloplast, amylase
Anatidae
anemia, anencephalic, anodyne
avian, mammalian, crustacean
anaphase, anatomy, anabolism, anadipsia
androgen, gynandromorphic, polyandry
anemophilous, animal, anemometer
angi/o
anis/o
ankyl/o
ann/u
annel/o, annul/o
anser
-ant
ant/ianteanter/oanth/o
anthrop/o
antr/o
aort/i
api
apoappend/i
aqu/e
-ar
aran/e
arbor/e
arc/u
archae, arch/e
aren/i
areol/o, 1
areol/o, 2
argent/o
-aria
arist/o
-arium
arteri/o
arthr/o
articul/o
arti/o
-arum
-ary, 1
-ary, 2
asc/o
-ase
-asis
aster
asthen
astr/o
-ata, 1
-ata, 2
-ate
ather/o
-ation
atr/o
atri/o
aur/o
aut/o
aux/o
1
vessel
unequal
joint, bent, crooked
year
ring
goose
pertaining to
opposed, against
before
in front, forward
flower
human
cave, cavity
aorta
bee
away, from, off
appendage
water
pertaining to
spider
tree
arc, arch
original, primitive, first
sand
small space
circle of color
silver
like, connected with
awn, bristle
place for something
artery
joint
joint
even-numbered
of, belonging to
pertaining to
place for something
sac, bladder, bag, bottle
enzyme
condition, state
star
weakness
star
plural of -a
possessing, characterized by
var. of -ata
fatty degeneration
process, act
black
receiving area, entry
ear, hearing
self
increase, growth
angioplasty, angiosperm, angiogram
anisogamy, anisometric
ankylosis, Ancylostoma1
annual, superannuated
annelid, annulus, annulation
Anseriformes
compliant, anticoagulant
antibody, anticoagulant, anthelmintic
antebrachium, antenatal
anterior, anterolateral, anterograde
anther, antheridium, anthocyanin
anthropoid, anthropology, anthroponosis
antrum
aortic
apiculture, apiary, Apis
apolysis, apoptosis, apoenzyme
appendicular, appendix
aqueous, aquifer, aquarium, aquatic
capsular, alveolar, lamellar, ocular
Araneae, araneophobia, araneology
arboreal, arboretum, arborization
arcuate, arciform
archegonium, archenteron, menarche
arenicolous, corpora arenacea
areolar tissue
areola (of breast)
argentophilic, argentaffin
riparian, planaria, Acetabularia
arista, aristate
aquarium, herbarium
arteriovenous, arteriosclerosis
arthritis, arthropod, diarthrosis
articulation, articular, disarticulated
Artiodactyla
hyperemesis gravidarum
pulmonary, evolutionary, axillary, urinary
aviary, apiary, ovary, formicary
ascus, ascidian, ascospore
amylase, lipase, protease
atelectasis
Asteroidea, aster, Asterias, Geaster
mysathenia, neurasthenia
astrocyte, astroglia, astronomy
stomata, chiasmata, carcinomata
Vertebrata, Chordata, Echinodermata
chordate, vertebrate, septate
atherosclerosis, atheroma
lactation, dilation, vascularization
atropine
atrium, atrioventricular
binaural, auricle, auricular
autogenous, autolysis, autonomic
auxin
Most words in this list can be looked up in medical or general English dictionaries, but scientific names of
organisms cannot. Therefore, they are explained in an appendix following this lexicon.
av/i
-ax
ax/i
axill/o
azot/o
bird
singular noun terminal
axis, midline
armpit, branch point
nitrogen, urea
avian, aviary, avicularium
thorax, anthrax, mastax
axilla, axillary, abaxial, monaxial
axillary
azotemia, azide, Azotobacter
berry
little stick, rod
acorn, glans of penis
pressure, weight
pedestal
deep, depth
leech, sucker
life, organism
well, mild, not severe
depths, sea floor
two, double
living
two, double
life
bile, gallbladder
bud, sprout, producing
eyelid
ball, throw
cow, ox
arm, upper arm
short
slow
gill
short
windpipe
moss
cheek
toad
purse, sac
hawk
bacciform, baccate, bacciferous
bacillus, bacillary
balanitis, Balanus
barometer, hyperbaric, bariatrics
basidiospore, Basidiomycetes
bathysphere, bathypelagic
Bdellostoma, Acanthobdella
microbe, anaerobe, saprobe
benign, beneficial
benthic, benthos
bipedal, bilateral, bifurcation
Cordylobia
binary, binaural, binocular
biology, biosphere, Dermatobia
bilirubin, biliary
osteoblast, hemocytoblast, blastula
blepharospasm, blepharoptosis
bolus, catabolism, embolism
bovine, Bovidae
brachiocephalic, brachiopod, brachiation
brachycephalic, brachygnathous
bradykinin, bradycardia, bradypnea
lamellibranch, nudibranch, Branchiostoma
brevicollis, caput breve
bronchial, bronchiectasis, bronchiole
bryophyte, bryozoan
buccal cavity, buccinator, buccae
Bufonidae, Bufo
bursitis, bursa
Buteo
sac, blind tube
blue
stone, chalk, calcium
beautiful
hard, horny
heat
cup, vase, chalice
of fields
crab, cancer, ulcer
dog
hair, hair-thin
head
carbon
cancer, crab
heart
keel
caecum, ileocaecal
caerulean
calcaneus, calcareous, calcification
Callinectes
callus
calorie, calorimeter
calyx
campestral
cancer
canine, Canidae
capillary
capitulum, capitate, decapitate
carbohydrate, carbide, Carboniferous
carcinoma, carcinogen, Carcinus
pericardium, cardiac, cardiology
carinate, carina
B
bacc/i
bacill/o
balan/o
bar/o
basidi/o
bath/o
bdell/o
-be
ben/e
benth/o
bi-bia
binbi/o
bil/i
blast/o
blephar/o
bol/o
bov/i
brachi/o
brachy
brady
branch/i
brev/i
bronch/o
bry/o
bucc/o
buf/o
burs/o
bute/o
C
caec/o
caerul/o
calc/i
call/i, 1
call/i, 2
calor/i
calyx
campestr
canc/er
can/i
capill/o
capit/o
carb/o
carcin/o
cardi/o
carin/o
carn/i
carp/o, 1
carp/o, 2
cary/o
catacathart
caud/o
caul/i
cav/o
cec/o
cele
celi/o
cen/o, 1
cen/o, 2
centesis
cent/i
centr/o
cephal/o
ceps
cept
cer/o, 1
cer/o, 2
cerat/o
cerc/o
cerebell/o
cerebr/o
cerv/o
cervic/o
-ces
cest/o
chaet/o, chet/o
cheil/o
chel
chel/i
chiasm/o
chir/o
chlor/o
choan/o
chol/e
chondr/o
chord/o
chori/o
chrom/o
chromat/o
chron/o
chrys/o
chthon
chym/a
cib/o
cid/e
cili/o
cinere/o
cipit/o
circ/a
circul
circum
flesh, meat
fruit
wrist
nut, nucleus (var. of karyo)
down, lower, against
cleanse, purge
tail, posterior end
stem
cavity, hollow
sac, blind tube (= caec/o)
rupture
abdomen
general, common
recent
puncture to withdraw fluid
hundred, hundredth
center
head
head
receive
wax
horn
horn
tail
little brain
brain
deer
neck, narrow part
plural of -x
girdle
bristle
lip
turtle
claw
like an X
hand
green
funnel, collar
bile
cartilage, gristle
cord, string
membrane, skin
color
color
time
golden
earth, land, country
infusion, something poured in
food, meal
kill, destroy
eyelash, small hair
gray, ashen
head
about, approximately
circle
around
carnal, carnivore
ascocarp, pericarp
carpal tunnel, carpometacarpal
eucaryote
catabolism, cataphoria, catalyst, catheter
cathartic, Cathartidae
caudal fin, Caudata, caudate
hydrocaulus, cauliflower
corpus cavernosum, vena cava
cecum, ileocecal
omphalocele, rectocele
celiac
cenosarc
Cenozoic, Miocene
amniocentesis, spinocentesis
centipede, centimeter
centromere, centrifuge, centriole
cephalic, cephalopod, acephalous
biceps, quadriceps
receptor, exteroceptor
cerumen, deceration
rhinoceros, Cladocera
cerata, Triceratops
cercaria, cercomere, heterocercal
cerebellum, cerebellar
cerebrum, decerebrate
Cervidae, Cervus
cervical, cervix
calyces, fornices
cestode
polychaete, Chaetognatha, chetae
chelioplasty, cheiloschisis
Chelonia, Eretmochelys
cheliped, chelate, chelicera
chiasma, chiasmata
chiropractor, Chiroptera, chirality
chlorophyll, chlorine, Chlorophyta
choanae, choanocyte
cholecystectomy, cholelithiasis
chondrocyte, Chondrichthyes
notochord, Chordata
chorion, choroid, chorioallantois
phytochrome, hypochromic, chromosome
chromatography, chromatophore
chronological, metachronal, chronic
Chrysophyta
heterochthonous, autochthonous
chyme, parenchyma, collenchyme
cibarium, ante cibum, cibophobia
herbicide, spermicide, fungicide
cilium, ciliated, supraciliary
cinereous, incinerate
occipital
circadian, circhoral
circulation, circuit
circumoral, circumduction, circumcision
cirrh/o
cis, 1
cis, 2
clad/o
clast
clav/o
-cle
cleid/o, 1
cleid/o, 2
cleist/o
clim/o
clin/o
clon/o
club/i
clysis
cnem/o
cococc/o
coccyg/o
cochl/I
coel/o
col, colous
col/o
coll/o
colp/o
com
comconcon/i, 1
con/i, 2
condyl/o
contracop
copr/o
cor
cora/x, /c
cordyl/o
core/o
cori/o
corn/i
coron/o
corp/o
cort, cortic/o
cost/o
cotyl/o
cox/o
crani/o
crepusc
cribr/i
cric/o
crin/o, 1
crin/o, 2
crist/a
crit/o
cruc/i
crus (pl. crura)
yellow, tawny
cut
on this side
branch
destroy, break down
hammer, club
small
locked, shut up
collarbone
enclosed
region, climate
bend, slope
branch, twig
club
irrigation, lavage
lower leg, knee
together
sphere
tailbone
snail, spiral, spoon
hollow, cavity
lives in or on
large intestine
glue
vagina
sleep
together
together
dust
cone
knuckle
opposite, against
cleaver, dagger, cutter, oar
feces
heart
crow, raven
bump, swelling
pupil
dermis
horn, horny, hardened
crown
body
rind, bark, shell
rib
cup, socket
hip
skull
evening
sieve
ring
secrete, to separate
lily
crest
to separate
cross
leg, shin
cirrhosis, cirrhonosis
circumcision, excise
cis-retinal, cis-face
triclad, cladistics, cladogram
osteoclast
clavicle, clavate
clavicle, testicle, fascicle
cleidoic egg, cleidotheca
sternocleidomastoid
cleistogamy
climatology, acclimate
syncline, clinoid process
clone, Monoclonius, Clonorchis
clubiform
gastroclysis, salpingoclysis
gastrocnemius, Cnemidophorus
coenzyme, coagulate, codominant
Streptococcus
coccyx, coccygeal, coccygeus
cochlea, Cochliomyia
coelom, pseudocoel, schizocoelous
Piscicola, nidicolous, colonize
colon, colostomy, Echerichia coli
colloid, collagen, colloblast
colporrhaphy, colposcopy
coma, comatose
commensalism, commissure, comminuted
confluence, connective, conjoined
coniosis, otoconia
conifer, conical
condyle, condyloid
contraceptive, contralateral, contraindicated
copepod, Dendrocopus
coprophagia, coprolite
cor pulmonale
coracoid, coracobrachialis
Cordylobia, cordylobiasis
corectasis, coreoplasty
corium
cornified, bicornate, cornu
coronal, coronary
corpus, corpuscle, corpse
cortex, corticotropin, corticosteroid
costal, intercostal, iliocostalis
cotyledon, dicot
coxa, coxal
cranium, chondrocranium, Craniata
crepuscular
cribriform, cribrose
cricoid, cricothyroid
endocrinology, merocrine, holocrine
crinoid
crista galli
hematocrit, spermatocrit
cruciate, cruciform
crural, crus commune
cry/o
crypt/o
cten/o
-cul/e
cune/i
cur, curr/o
cutane/o
cut/i
cyan/o
cycl/o
cyesis
cyn/o
cyst/o
cyt/o
cold
hidden
comb
small
wedge
run
skin
skin
blue
round
pregnancy
dog
bladder, sac
cell, hollow place
cryopreservation, cryonics
cryptorchidism, cryptogam, crypts
ctenophore, ctenidium
operculum, animalcule, homunculus
cuneiform, cuneate
cursorial, recurrent
cutaneous, subcutaneous
cuticle, cuticular, Cuterebra
cyanosis, cyanide, hemocyanin
cyclostome, tetracycline, heterocyclic
pseudocyesis, abdominocyesis
cynophobia, Procyon
cystitis, dacryocyst,, statocyst
cytology, leukocyte, syncytial
D
dacry/o
dactyl/o
dedecadeci-, decimdelph
demidendr/o
dent/o
derm/o
dermat/o
deut/o, deuter/o
dextr/o
didi/e
di/a
didym/o
difdigit/o
diphy
dipl/o
disdist/o
dolich/o
dors/o
drom/o
du/o
duc, duct/o
duoden/o
duplic/o
dyn/ia
dys-
tears
dacryocyst, dacryolin, dacryolith
finger
pterodactyl, dactylozooid, pentadactyl
from, out, down
decerebrate, defecation, deferens
ten
decane, decapeptide, decapod
one-tenth
deciliter, decibel, decimal, decimate
womb, uterus
didelphic, amphidelphic
half
demilune
tree, branch
dendrite, dendrogram, oligodendrocyte
tooth
dentition, dentistry, dentin
skin
hypodermic, pachyderm, endoderm
skin
dermatology, dermatitis, dermatoid
second
deutonymph, deuterostome, deuterium
right
dextrose, ambidextrous, dextrin
two, apart
dizygotic, digastric, diencephalon
day
diel, quotidian, circadian
through, separate, across
dialysis, diuretic, diaphragm, diarrhea
testis, twin
epididymis, cephalodidymus
apart, not
diffraction, differentiation, diffusion
finger, toe
digitigrade, digitiform, digital
double
diphyodont
double
diploid, diploblastic, diplococcus
apart, separate
dissect, disarticulated, dispersal
remote, far away
distal, pars distalis
long
Dolichoglossus, dolichocephalic, dolichofacial
back, upper side
dorsal, dorsiflexion, latissimus dorsi
race, run, run a course
anadromous, antidromal, syndrome
two
duplication, dualism, duovirus
lead, carry
duct, abduction, abducens
twelve
duodenum, duodenitis, duodenoscopy
double
duplication
pain, ache
otodynia, odontodynia, anodyne
abnormal, bad, painful, difficult dysentery, dysfunction, dyspnea
E
e
e-e
-eal
ec-
combining vowel
out, without
singular noun ending
pertaining to
out of, outside, from
glycogenesis
ejaculate, Edentata, enucleated
isotope, chromosome, prostate
hypophyseal, laryngeal, lacteal
eczema, ectopic, eccentric
ec/o
ecdys/i
echin/o
ect/o
-ectasis
-ectomy
edaph/o
edem/at
ef-el
elasm/o
electr/o
-ell/e
em, 1
em, 2
embol
-emesis
-emia
en, 1
en, 2
encephal/o
enchym/a
end/o
enn
-ensis
-ent
ent/o
enter/o
entom/o
eo
epi
episi/o
epitheli/o
epoequ/i, 1
equ/i, 2
-er
-era
erg/o
erythr/o
eruc/i
-es
-escent
-esis
esoesophag/o
esthesi/o
estr/o
-et
-et/um, /us
eth/o
ethm/o
ethn/o
eti/o
etiol
-ette
house, habitat
disrobing, molting
hedgehog, spiny
external, outer
dilation, stretching
cutting out, surgical removal
soil
swelling
carry away, carry out
small
plate
electricity
small
blood
in
thrown in, added
vomiting
blood condition
singular noun ending
in, into
brain
infusion, something poured in
inner, within
year
lives in, native to
pertaining to, characterized by
within, interior
gut, small intestine
insect
dawn, rosy
upon, over, beside
vulva
epithelium
upon, over, after, related to
horse
equal
one who, that which
plural of -us
work
red
caterpillar
plural of -is
characterized by
state, quality, act, process
within, inward
esophagus
sensation, feeling
female, sexual desire
small
place of habitation
habit, custom, manner
sieve, strainer
nation, people
causation
blanched, pale
small
ecology, ecotone, zoecium, monoecious
ecdysis, ecdysone, ecdysiotropin
echidna, echinoderm, Echinostoma
ectoderm, ectoplasm, ectoparasite
bronchiectasis, colectasia
appendectomy, tonsillectomy, mastectomy
edaphic, edaphology
edema, edematous
efferent, effector
scalpel, fontanel
elasmobranch,
electrocardiogram, electrolysis
organelle, micelle, scutellum
anemia, toxemia, septicemic
embolus, embryo, embedded
embolus, thromboembolism
emetic, hyperemesis
anemia, toxemia, hyponatremia
lumen
encyst, encapsulated, enzyme, endemic
encephalitis, electroencephalogram, diencephalon
parenchyma, mesenchyme, collenchyme
endoplasmic, endoparasite, endogenous
biennial, centennial, perennial
sinensis, canadensis, floridensis
salient, sapient, abortifacient
entocone, entoderm, entotic
gastroenteritis, coelenterate, archenteron
entomology, entomophobia, entomophagous
eosin, eosinophil, Eocene, Eohippus
epinephrine, epicardium, epidermis
episiotomy, episioplasty
epithelial, epithelioid, epithelioma
eponym, eponychium
equine, Equidae
equivalent, equilibrium, equator
oceanographer, practitioner
viscera
energy, synergy, ergometer, ergonomics
erythrocyte, erythema, erysipelas
eruciform, erucivorous
diagnoses, penes, nares
fluorescent, putrescent, acaulescent
diapedesis, hematemesis, amniocentesis
esophagus, esoteric, esophoria
gastroesophageal, esophagostomy
anesthetic, esthesiometer, esthesiology
estrogen, estriol, estrus
spinneret, cuvet, floret
arboretum
ethology, ethogram, ethospecies
ethmoid, ethmonasal
ethnocentric, ethnology, ethnic
etiology, etiotropic
etiolation
cuvette, fourchette, renette
eueury
-ex
exext
exter/o
extern/o
extr/a
normal, good, easy, true
broad, wide
singular noun terminal
out, from, away
exist
external
external
outside
eupnea, eukaryote, euthanasia
euryhaline, euryphagous
cortex, pollex, simplex
excyst, excretion, exocrine, exoskeleton
extinct, extant
exteroceptor, exterior
tunica externa
extravasation, extracellular, extrinsic
make, cause
face, appearance
causing
sickle
band
fever
done, made
cat
thigh
window
carry, bear
iron
fiber
clasp, buckle
thread
cleave, split
attach, stop from changing
fan
whip
yellow
bend
flower
flow, river, stream
leaf
little bag
hole, opening
shape
earth, ditch, dig, dug up
pit
leaf, foliage
forehead, in front
fruit
fruit
drive away
bottom, base
cord, rope
forked, branched
spindle
pour out
become, make
artifact, factor,
facies, facial, facet
abortifacient, somnifacient
falciform, Plasmodium falciparum
fascia, fascicle, Fasciola
febrile, febrifacient
infection, effector
feline, Felidae
femur, femoral, femoris
fenestration, fenestra, defenestrate
efferent, conifer, luciferin
ferric, ferrous, apoferritin, transferrin
fibroblast, fibrin, fibrillate
fibula, tibiofibula, fibulocalcaneal
filiform, filamentous
fission, fissure, fissile, fissipede
fixator, fixation, fixative
flabelliform, flabellate
flagellum, flagellate, exflagellation
riboflavin, flavobacterium
dorsiflection, circumflect, flexor
inflorescence, flora, floral, floret
fluid, flux, effluent, fluvial
folivore, foliaceous, exfoliation
follicle, follicular
foramen, Foraminifera
reniform, filiform, falciform
fossil, fossa, fossorial
fovea capitis, foveate, foveola
frond, frondosum
frons, frontalis, frontal
fructose, fructification
frugivorous, frugiferous
centrifuge, nidifuge, vermifuge
fundic, fundament, fundus, infundibulum
funiculus
furcocercous, bifurcation
fusiform, intrafusal
infusoria, diffusion, perfusion
lignify, ossify, scarify
milk, milky
sexual union, marriage
sexual union, marriage
galactose, galactosemia, galaxy
syngamy, polygamy, monogamous
gamete, gametogenesis, gametogony
F
fac/t
fac/i
facient
falc/i
fasc/i
febr/i
-fect
fel/i
femor/o
fenestr/o
fer
ferr/i
fibr/o
fibul/o
fil/i
fiss/o
fix
flabell/i
flagell/o
flav/o
flect/o, flex/o
flor/o
flu, fluv/i
foli/o
follicul/o
foram/i
-form
foss/o
fove/o
frond/o
fron/s, /t
fruct/o
frug/i
-fuge
fund/a
funic
furc/o
fus/i, 1
fus/i, 2
-fy
G
galact/o
gam/o
gamet/o
gastr/o
ge/o
-gen
gen/i, 1
gen/i, 2
-genesis
geni/o
-genic
genit/o
geo
ger/o
-ges
gest
giga
gingiv/o
gli/o
glob/o, globul/o
glom, glomer
gloss/o
gluc/o
glut/in
glyc/o
gnath/o
gnos/o
gomph/o
gon/i
gon/o
gonad/o
grad/e
gram
gran/o
granul/o
graph, 1
graph, 2
graphy
gravid/o
gust/o
gymn/o
gyn/o
gynec/o
gyr/o
stomach, belly
earth, soil, gravity
producing
knee
cheek
origin, production
chin
producing, giving rise to
reproduction
earth
aging
plural of -x
to carry
billion
gums
glue
small sphere, ball
ball of yarn
tongue
sugar
glue
sugar, starch
jaw
knowledge
nail, bolt, peg
angle
genitals, seed, offspring
testes, ovaries
go, step
record of
grain
little grain
recording instrument
record of
recording process
pregnant, heavy, weight
taste
naked, nudity
female
female
circle, spiral, convolution
gastric, gastrula, gastralgia, digastric
geology, geophagy, geotropism
pathogen, pyrogen, carcinogen, genetics
geniculate, genucubital
genal
glycogenesis, osteogenesis, morphogenesis
genioglossus, geniohyoid
teratogenic, oncogenic, pathogenic
genitalia, congenital, genitourinary
geology, biogeography
gerontology, geriatrics, progeria
pharynges, larynges, syringes
gestation, ingestion, digestion
gigabyte, gigaton
gingivitis, gingivae
neuroglia, glioma
globulin, hemoglobin, globule
glomerulus, glomus
glossopharyngeal, glossitis
glucose, gluconeogenesis, glucocorticoid
agglutinate, glutinant
glycogen, glycolipid, glycosuria
prognathous, Agnatha, Chaetognatha
prognosis, diagnosis
gomphosis
goniometer, trigone, trigonometry
gonorrhea, gonotheca, gonococcus
gonads, gonadotropin, gonadectomy
digitigrade, plantigrade, retrograde
electrocardiogram, mammogram
granum, granalamella
granular, granulocyte, granule
electrocardiograph, physiograph, kymograph
photograph, seismograph
photography, electrocardiography
gravid, primigravida, gravimetric
gustation, gustatory
gymnosperm, gymnospore, gymnophobia
gynandromorphic, polygyny, androgynous
gynecology, gynecomastia
gyrus, gyroscope, Spirogyra
salt, sea
breath
great toe
to wander mentally
hook
half, single, simple
hundred
sun
worm
blood
blood
half, incomplete
liver
euryhaline, halides, halogen
exhale, inhale, halitosis
hallux, flexor hallucis
hallucinate, hallucinogen
hamate, hamulus
haploid, haplodiploidy
hectare
heliotropism, helium, Helianthus
Platyhelminthes, helminthology
hemoglobin, hemostat, hemorrhage
hematology, hematoma, hematemesis
hemisphere, hemichordate, Hemiptera
heparin, hepatic, hepatitis, hepatopancreatic
H
hal/o, 1
hal/o, 2
halluc/i
hallucin/o
ham/o
hapl/o
hect/o
heli/o
helminth/o
hem/o
hemat/o
hemi
hep/ato
hept/a
herp/e, herpet/o
heter/o
hex/a
hiber
hidr/o
hiem/o
hipp/o
hist/o
hol/o
hom/o, 1
hom/o, 2
home/o
hor/o
hy/o
hyal/o
hydr/o, 1
hydr/o, 2
hygr/o
hyper
hypo
hyster/o
seven
to creep
different, other
six
winter
sweat
winter
horse
tissue, web
whole, entire
same, alike
human
constant, unchanging, stable
hour
the letter U or Y
clear, glassy
water
mythological Hydra
water vapor, moisture
above, excessive
below, deficient
uterus
heptane, heptachlor
herpetology, Herpetomonas, herpes
heterozygous, heterosexual
hexose, hexapod, Hexactinellida
hibernate, hibernial
bromhidrosis, hyperhidrosis
hiemal
hippocampus, hippopotamus
histology, histolytic, histogenesis
holocrine, holoblastic, holozoic, holistic
homologous, homozygous, homogeneous
hominid, homicide, Homo erectus
homeostasis, homeothermic
hora somi, horal
hyoglossus, hyoid bone
hyaline, hyaloid, keratyhyalin
hydrophilic, hydrolysis, dehydration
hydra, hydroid, Hydrozoa
hygroscopic, hygrokinesis, hygrometer
hyercalcemia, hyperplasia, hypertonic
hyponatremia, hypogastric, hypotonic
hysterectomy, hysteria, hysteroplasty
combining vowel
plural of -us
condition, state, quality
pertaining to
pertaining to
presence of, medical condition
medical treatment
pertaining to
pertaining to
plural of -ex, -ix, or -yx
fish
specialist, one who
small
family of animals
plural of -is
individual, self
plural of -idium
plural of -y
small
small intestine
flank, loin
light up
small tuft of hair
no, not, upon
no, not, without, in, on
protein, substance, chemical
plural of -en
below
below
groin
island
between
centipede, calorimeter
tarsi, asci, nuclei
arrhythmia, anemia, eclampsia
hypochondriac, cardiac, celiac
mammalian, avian, fallopian
filariasis, elephantiasis, psoriasis
psychiatry, podiatry, pediatric, iatrogenic
hepatic, psychiatric, nucleic
cytological, paleontological, cervical
cortices, appendices, calices
ichthyology, Osteichthyes, ichthyophagous
pediatrician, technician, obstetrician
ossicle, clavicle, pellicle, denticle
Hominidae, Anatidae, Muscidae
epididymides, encephalitides, irides
idiosyncratic, idiopathic
ommatidia, miracidia
ovaries, arteries
bulbil, tendril, maxilla, Spongilla
ileum, ileocecal, ileitis
ilium, iliacus, sacroiliac
transilluminate
microvillus, penicillus
immature, imperforate, implantation
innominate, incision, infusion
melanin, anthocyanin, hemoglobin, casein
lumina, nomina
inferior, inferolateral
infraspinatus, infraorbital, infrared
inguinal
insulin, insulation, insular
intercellular, intercostal, interkinesis
I
i
-i
-ia
-iac
-ian
-iasis
iatr/o
-ic
-ical
-ices
ichthy/o
-ician
-icle
-idae
-ides
idi/o
-idia
-ies
-il/la
ile/o
ili/o
illumin/o
-illus
imin-in
-ina
infer/o
infrainguin/o
insul/o
inter
intr/a
iod/o
-ion
ion/o
-ior
ips/i
iririd/o
-is
isc/us
isch/o
ischi/o
-ism
iso
-ist
-ite, 1
-ite, 2
-ite, 3
iter/o
-ites
-itis
-ity
-ive
-ix
-ize
within, into
iodine, violet
anatomical process
charged particle
situated at
same, self
in, upon, not
iris
singular noun terminal
small
hold back
hip
condition, state, process
same, equal
practitioner, one who
small
body division
rock, mineral, fossil
again, repetitive
pertaining to
inflammation
state, condition
pertaining to
singular noun terminal
do, carry out
intracellular, intramedullary, intromission
iodophil, iodopsin, Iodamoeba
acromion, amnion
ionophore, ionize, cation, anion
exterior, anterior, inferior
ipsilateral
irradiation, irrigate, irrational
iridial, iridectomy
epididymis, vermis, brachialis
meniscus
ischemia
ischium, ischiopagus
hypothyroidism, rheumatism, albinism
isogamy, isometric, isotonic
anatomist, microscopist, internist
sporozoite, trophozoite
somite, tergite, sternite, sclerite
quartzite, anthracite, trilobite, ammonite
iteroparous, reiterate
ascites
cystitis, appendicitis, dermatitis
viviparity, homozygosity
sedative, recessive
appendix, varix, cervix
anesthetize, catheterize, homogenize
to throw
dry, empty, hunger
join, marry, yoke
neck
joined, united
young
next to
ejaculate
jejunum
conjugation
jugular
junction, conjunctiva
rejuvenate, juvenile
juxtaglomerular, juxtamedullary
potassium
nucleus, nut, seed
horn, horny, hard, cornea
thousand
motion, action
turn, bend
hypokalemia
karyokinesis, eukaryote, megakaryocyte
keratin, keratosis, keratotomy
kilogram, kilocalorie
kinesiology, cytokine, kinetic, cholecystokinin
klinotaxis
J
jacul/o
jejun/o
jug/a
jugul/o
junct/o
juven
juxta
K
kal/i
kary/o
kerat/o
kilo
kin/e
klin/o
L
labi/o
lip
labr/o
lip
lacrim/o, lachrym/o tear
lact/o
milk
lamell/o
thin plate
lamin/o
layer, sheet
lapar/o
abdominal wall, loins
-lapse
fall
laryng/o
voicebox
later/o
side
lax/a
loosen, widen
labiomental, labium, labioplasty
labrum
lacrimal, nasolacrimal, lachrymose
lactation, lactose, prolactin
lamellar, granalamella, lamellibranch
lamina, laminectomy
laparoscope, laparocyesis, laparotomy
prolapse, relapse
larynx, laryngeal, laryngitis
lateral, contralateral, lateralis
relax, laxative
lecith/o
-lemma
lepid/o
leps/y
-let
leuc/o, leuk/o
lev/a
lev/u
lig/a
lign/i
line/a
ling/u
lip/o
-lite
lith/o
littor
lob/o
-logist
-logy
long/i
loph/o
luc/o
lumb/o
lumbric/o
lumin/o
lute/o
lymph/o
-lysis
yolk
sheath, husk, envelope
scale
seizure
small
white
raise
left
bind, tie
wood
line
tongue
lipid, fat
stone, fossil
stone
shoreline
lobe
specialist, one who studies
study of
long, length
crest, tuft
light, clear
lower back
earthworm
light
yellow
clear fluid
dissolve, split apart, loosen
lecithin, telolecithal
sarcolemma, plasmalemma, neurilemma
Lepidoptera, lepidosis
epilepsy, narcolepsy
leaflet, lancelet, spikelet
leukocyte, leucoplast, leukemia
elevation, levator
levulose, levorotatory, levodopa
ligament, ligature, colligative
lignin, lignify, lignocellulose
linea alba, delineated
lingual, sublingual, lingula
lipogenesis, lipase, lipoprotein
rhodolite, coprolite, ammonite
statolith, otolith, Paleolithic
littoral, Littorina
lobopodium, lobule, trilobar
biologist, archeologist, epidemiologist
zoology, entomology, herpetology
longitudinal, elongate
lophophore, lophocercous
translucent, pellucida, lucid
lumbar, lumbodorsal
Lumbricus, lumbrical muscles
lumen, illuminate, bioluminescence
corpus luteum, macula lutea, luteotropin
lymphatic, lymphadenitis, lymphocyte
hemolysis, autolysis, catalysis
singular noun terminal
result of an action
large
spot
large
bad, abnormal
soft
breast
hand
lower jaw
obsession
breast
chew
whip
plural of -ma
mother
mother, womb
morning
upper jaw
passage, course
middle
marrow, pith
large
million
abnormal enlargement
less
tagma, carcinoma, stroma
trauma, empyema
macroscopic, macrophage, macromolecule
macula lutea, macula sacculi
magnification, foramen magnum
malignant, malocclusion, malodorous
osteomalacia, malacology
mammogram, mammalian
manometer, manipulate, manubrium
mandible, submandibular
egomania, nymphomania, monomaniacal
mastectomy, mastoid, mastitis
masticate, masticatory
Mastigophora, Chilomastix
stomata, carcinomata, tagmata
maternity, dura mater
matrilineal, matrix
matutinal
maxilliped, maxillary
auditory meatus, urinary meatus
medial, intermediate, mediastinum
medulla, medullary
megacolon, megaspore, megapod
megabyte, megaton
splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
meiosis, meiospore
M
-ma, 1
-ma, 2
macr/o
macul/a
magn/i
mal
malac/o
mamm/o
man/o
mandibul/o
mania
mast/o
mastic/o
mastig/o
-mata
mater
matr/i
matutin/o
maxill/o
meat/o
medi/a
medull/o
mega, 1
mega, 2
megal/y
mei/o
melan/o
mell/i
men/o
mening/o
menisc/o
mens, 1
mens, 2
menth/a
ment/o, 1
ment/o, 2
mer/o
mes/o
meta
metab/ol
meter
metr/o
metr/y
micr/o
mict/o
mictur/o
millimim/i
misc/i
mit/o
mix
mol/e, 1
mol/e, 2
moll/i
mon/o
monil/i
morph/o
mot/or
muc/o
mult/i
mur/i
mus
musc/i
mut/a
my/o
myc/o
myel/o, 1
myel/o, 2
myi
myri/a
myring/o
myrmec/o
myx/o
myz/o
black
honey
menstruation
membrane
crescent, little moon
month
table
mint
mind
chin
part, segment
middle, moderate
beyond, change, next, after
change
measuring or counting device
uterus
process of measuring
small
mix, combine
urinate
thousand, thousandth
copy, imitate
mix
thread
mix, combine
mass
mill
soft
one
string of beads
shape, form
movement, mover
mucus
many
mouse
mouse
fly
change
muscle
fungus
spinal cord, gray matter
bone marrow
fly
many
eardrum
ant
mucus, slime
sucker
melanin, melanoma, melanocyte
mellitus, mellifluous, mellifera
menopause, dysmenorrhea
meninges, meningitis
meniscus
menses, menstruation, menarche, mensual
commensalism
menthol
mental, dementia
mentolabial, mentalis
sarcomere, metamerism, meroblastic
mesoderm, mesophyll, mesophilic
metaphase, metamorphosis, metatarsal
metabolism, catabolism, holometabolous
hemocytometer, thermometer
endometrium, metraterm
cephalometry, radiometry, photometry
microscopic, microcytosis, microtubule
amictic, apomictic
micturition
millipede, milliliter, milliampere
mimicry, automimetic
miscible, miscegenation
mitosis, mitochondrion
mixture, apomixis
molecule, molarity
molar, premolar
mollify, mollities, mollusc
monocyte, monozygotic, monad
moniliform
morphology, mesomorphic, polymorphism
pilomotor, vasomotion, motorium
mucoprotein, mucocutaneous
multipolar, multiaxial, multicellular
murine, muriphobia
muscle, Mus musculus
muscivore, muscicide, muscarinic
mutation, mutagen, mutability
myometrium, myocardium, epimysium
mycelium, mycology, onychomycosis
myeloplegia, myelin, poliomyelitis
myelocytic, myeloblast, myeloma
myiasis, Cochliomyia
myriapod
myringostomy
myrmecophilous, myrmecophagous
myxedema, Myxomycetes, Myxine
Petromyzon
dwarf
billionth
sleep, stupor, numbness
nostril
nose
birth
nanism, nanoplankton
nanometer, nanogram
narcolepsy, narcosis, narcotic
external naris
paranasal, nasion, nasopharynx
neonatal, perinatal, antenatal
N
nan/o, 1
nan/o, 2
narc/o
naris
nas/o
nat/a
natr/i
necr/o
nect/o, 1
nect/o, 2
nemat/o
neo
nephr/o
neur/o
nid/i
nigr/i
niv/e
noct/o
nom/en
not/o
nucle/o
nud/i
null/i
nyct/o, nyctal/o
nymph/o, 1
nymph/o, 2
sodium, salt
dead
tie together
swimming
thread
new, recent
kidney
nerve
nest, breeding place
black
snow
night
name
back, dorsal
nucleus
naked
none
night
maiden, immature form
labia minora
hyponatremia, natriuretic
necropsy, necrosis
connective tissue
nectochaete, nekton
nematode, nematocyst
neoplasia, gluconeogenesis, neonatal
nephritis, nephron, nephridia
neuron, neurology, neuralgia
nidicolous, nidifugous, nidality, nidus
substantia nigra, nigrosin
subnivean
nocturnal, nocturia
binomial, nomenclature, innominate
notochord, notopodium
nucleic acid, nucleoprotein, mononucleosis
nudibranch
nulliparous, nulligravida, nullify
nyctalopia, nycturia, Nycticorax
nymph, deutonymph, nymphalid
nymphitis, nymphectomy, nymphitis
combining vowel
egg
against, toward, before
organism, life
against, toward, before
back of the head
eight
eye
tooth
like, resembling
alcohol, hydroxyl
small
oil
elbow
smell
few, a little, scanty
small
shoulder
tumor, mass
all, everything
navel
singular noun terminal
tumor, mass
being, existence
nail, claw
ovary
vision
cover, lid
eye
behind, backward
viewing
eye, vision
one who, that which
mouth
notochord, microscope, monocyte
oocyte, oogenesis, oogonium
obturator, obstruction, obstetrics
microbe, anaerobic, saprobe
occult, occipital, malocclusion
occiput, occipital, occipitalofrontalis
octopus, octomerous, octoradial
oculomotor, intraocular
heterodont, periodontal, endodontics
sigmoid, ameboid, carotenoid
estradiol, cholesterol, glycerol, ethanol
arteriole, radiole, petiole
oleic acid, oleoresin, oleagenous
olecranon
olfactory, olfaction
oliguria, oligopeptide, oligochaete
corolla
acromion, omohyoid
osteosarcoma, hematoma, carcinoma
omnivore, omnipotent
omphalocele, omphalotomy, omphalitis
neuron, amnion, spermatozoon
oncogene, theloncus, oncology
ontogeny, paleontology
onychomycosis, onychophagia, eponychium
oophorectomy, oophoropexy, oophoroma
optical, diplopia, myopic
operculum, operculated
exophthalmia, ophthalmoscope, ophthalmology
opisthaptor, opisthobranch, opisthocoelous
biopsy, necropsy, autopsy
optometry, dioptric, optician
chiropractor, doctor, adductor
oropharynx, circumoral, orbicularis oris
O
o
o/o
ob, 1
ob, 2
oc
occipit/o
oct/o
ocul/o
odont/o
-oid
-ol
-ole
ole/o
olecran/o
olfact/o
olig/o
-olla
om/o
-oma
omn/i
omphal/o
-on
onc/o
ont/o
onych/o
oophor/o
op/i
opercul/o
ophthalm/o
opisth/o
-opsy
opt/o
-or
or/o
-ora
orch/o
orchid/o
ornith/o
-orrhag/ia
-orrhea
-orrhexis
-orrhaphy
orth/o
-orum
-ory
os, 1
os, 2
-ose, 1
-ose, 2
-osis
osm/o, 1
osm/o, 2
oste/o
osti/o
ot/o
-otte
-ous, 1
-ous, 2
ov/i
ovari/o
ox/y, 1
ox/y, 2
plural of -us
testis
testis
bird
bleeding, rapid discharge
flow, discharge
rupture, split
suture, sew up
straight
of, belonging to
pertaining to
bone
mouth
sugar
pertaining to, full of
condition, increase
smell
thrust, push, impulse
bone
mouth, pore, opening
ear
small
pertaining to, characterized by
full of
egg
ovary
sharp, quick, acute
oxygen, acid
corpora, tempora
orchitis, orchiopexy, Clonorchis
cryptorchidism, orchidalgia
ornithology, ornithine, Neornithes
hemorrhage, rhinorrhagia
amenorrhea, rhinorrhea
splenorrhexis, salpingorrhexis
labiorrhaphy, ileorrhaphy
orthodontics, orthopedics, orthotaxis
vasa vasorum
olfactory, sensory, respiratory
os coxae, ossify, ossicle
osculum, per os
glucose, sucrose, amylose
adipose, crustose, foliose
pediculosis, halitosis, arteriosclerosis
anosmia, osmium, osmic acid
osmosis, osmoreceptor, isosmotic
osteology, osteogenesis, teleost
ostium, ostiole
otolith, otitis, parotid
calotte
primiparous, edematous, prognathous
mucous, nitrogenous
ovalbumin, oviger, oviparous, synovial
ovarian, ovariectomy, ovariole
oxytocin, oxyopia, oxyuriasis
hypoxia, oxidase, oxyphil, oxyhemoglobin
thick, heavy
palate
ancient
palm of the hand
feel, touch
eyelid
marsh, swamp
all, across
nipple
birth, bring forth
beside, near, beyond
slight paralysis
wall
part
birth
virgin
small
open, showing
kneecap, small dish
father
disease, pain, feeling
father
few
few
comb
chest, breast
pachyderm, pachyglossia
palatine, palatoglossal
paleontology, Paleozoic, paleobehavior
midpalmar, palmaris
palp, palpation, palpitate
palpebral, palpebrate
paludal, palustral
panhysterectomy, panspermia, Pangaea
papilloma, papilla, papule
parturition, primiparous, viviparous
parasite, parotid, parathyroid, paranormal
hemiparesis, brachioparesis
parietal
pars distalis, pars plicata
postpartum
parthenogenesis, parthenitae
parvovirus
patent, prepatent
patella, infrapatellar
paternal
pathology, osteopath, sympathetic
sympatric, patrilineal
paucity
Pauropoda
pectine, pectinate
pectoral, expectorate
P
pachy
palat/o
pale/o
palm/o
palp/o
palpebr/o
palud/o, palustr/o
pan
papill/o
par/a, 1
par/a, 2
paresis
pariet/o
pars
part/um
parthen/o
parv/o
pat
patell/o
pater
path/o
patr/i
pauc/i
paur/o
pect/o, 1
pect/o, 2
ped/o, 1
ped/o, 2
pedic/ulo
pelag
pell/i
pen/o
penia
penn/a
pent/a
peps/o, pept/o
per
peri
peritone/o
perone/o
petal
petr/o
-pexy
phae/o
phag/o
phalang/o
phall/o
pharyng/o
phas/o
phen/o
phil/o
phleb/o
phob/o
phon/o
phor/e
phoria
phot/o
phragm/o
phren/o, 1
phren/o, 2
phy/o
phyc/o
phyl/o
phylaxis
phyll/o
physi/o
physis
phyt/o
pico
pil/o
pin/e
pinn/o
pino
pisc/o
plac/o
plan/o
plankt/o
plant/o
plas/i
plasm/a
plast
plast/y
child
foot
louse
marine
skin, hide
hang
deficiency, need
feather
five
digestion
through, by means of
around
stretched over
fibula, shin
leaf, flat, spread out
rock, stone
surgical fixation
dusky
eat
toe, finger
penis
throat
speech
manifest, visible
attraction, love
vein
irrational fear, repulsion
sound
to carry, bear
feeling, mental state
light
wall, fence
mind
diaphragm
grow, produce
alga, seaweed
tribe
prevention
leaf
nature, constitution
growth
plant
trillionth
hair
pine, spine, prickle
feather
drink
fish
plate
flat
wandering
sole of the foot
formation, development
able to be molded
molded, formed
surgical repair
pediatrics, pedodontics
millipede, biped, peduncle
pediculosis, Pediculus
pelagic
pellicle, pellagra
appendage, appendix, penis
thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
bipennate
pentaradial, pentastomid, pentose
pepsin, dyspepsia
percutaneous, per os, perfusion
pericardium, periosteum, pericarp
peritoneum, peritonitis, retroperitoneal
peroneal, peroneus longus
petal, sympetalous
petrified, petrous
nephropexy, oophoropexy
Phaeophyta
phagocytosis, macrophage, esophagous
phalanges, interphalangeal
phallus
pharynx, pharyngeal, pharyngitis
aphasia
phenotype, phenomenon, saphenous
hydrophilic, philopatric, eosinophil
phlebitis, phlebotomy
hydrophobic, arachnophobia, agoraphobia
phonoreceptor, phonocardiogram
spermatophore, electrophoresis
euphoria, cataphoria
photoperiodic, photoreceptor, photometry
diaphragm
schizophrenic, phrenology
phrenospasm, phrenic nerve
metaphysis, diphyodont
phycology, phycoerythrin
phylum, phyletic, phylogeny
anaphylaxis, prophylactic, chemophylaxis
mesophyll, chlorophyll, phyllosphere
physiology, physics, physician
symphysis, diaphysis, hypophysis
bryophyte, epiphytic, phytoplankton
picogram, picoliter
piloerection, pilonidal, arrector pili
porcupine, pineal, pinecone
pinnate, pinniped
pinocytosis, Haematopinus
piscivorous, Pisces, Piscicola
placoderm, Placozoa, Polyplacophora
planaria, planula, pars plana
planktonic, zooplankton
plantar wart, plantaris
neoplasia, metaplasia
protoplasm, plasma
leukoplast, chloroplast, plastid
rhinoplasty, cheiloplasty, plastic surgery
platy
ple/o, plei/o
pleg/i
pleist/o
pleur/o
plex/i
pli/o
plic/a
plum/o
plur/i
pnea
pneum/o
pod/o
poie/sis
poikil/o
polio
poll/ex
polypor/o
porc/u
porosis
porphyr/o
postposter/i
potam/o
poten/t
prepresby
priap
prim/i
proproproct/o
pros/o
prosth/o
prot/o
prote/o
proxim/o
pseud/o
psil/o
psych/o
pter/o
ptosis
ptyal/o
ptysis
puber
pubesc
pulm/o
punct/i
pus
py/o
pyel/o
pyg/o
pykn/o
pyl/o, pylor/o
pyr/i
flat
more
paralysis
most
side
network
more
fold, plait, wrinkle
feather
more, multiple
breathing
lung, air
foot
formation, production
variable
gray matter
thumb
many, much
pore
pig
becoming porous
purple
behind, after
toward the rear
river
strength, ability, power
before, in front of
old age
penis, erection
first
before, in front of, forward
favoring
anus
before, in front of, to
appendage, addition
first, original, primitive
protein
near
false
naked
mind
wing, feather, fin
prolapse, sagging, falling
saliva
spitting
downy, adult, ripe
manhood, body hair
lung
dot, point
foot
pus
renal pelvis
rump, buttocks
thick, compact, solid
pore, opening, gateway
pear
platypus, platysma, Platyhelminthes
pleomorphic, pleiotropy
quadriplegic, hemiplegia
Pleistocene
pleurae, pleurisy, pleuron
plexiform, pampiniform plexus
Pliocene
plicae, plicated, pars plicata
plumose, plumule, plumage
pluripotent
orthopnea, apnea, hyperpnea
pneumonia, pneumococcus, pneumothorax
podiatry, pseudopod, podocyte, decapod
hemopoiesis, erythropoietin
poikilothermic, poikilocytic
poliomyelitis
pollex, abductor pollicis
polysaccharide, polyuria, polychaete
porous, Porifera, gonopore
porcine, porcupine
osteoporosis
porphyrin, porphyria
postnasal, postcranial, postprandial
posterior, posterolateral
hippopotamus, Potamogeton
totipotent, impotent, potency
precartilage, prenatal, premolar
presbycusis, presbyopia
priapism, Priapulida
primiparous, primitive, primate
prognathous, prodromal, prokaryote
progesterone
proctoscope, proctology, proctodaeum
prosobranch
prosthesis, prosthetic
protoplasm, protozoan, protandrous
proteolytic, protease
proximal, approximate
pseudopod, pseudocoel, pseudocyesis
Psilotum, Psilocybe
psychosomatic, psychology
pteridophyte, Diptera, Archaeopteryx
visceroptosis, apoptosis, nephroptosis
ptyalin
hemoptysis
puberty, pubic
pubescent
pulmonary, pulmocutaneous
puncta, punctate, puncture
octopus, platypus
pyuria, pyoderma
pyelogram, pyelonephritis
uropygial, steatopygous, cytopyge
pyknosis
micropyle, pylorus, pylome
pyriform
pyr/o
fire, flame, heat, fever
pyrogen, pyromaniac, Pyrrhophyta
four
amount
forty
fourth
fourth
five
fifth
how many
quadriplegia, quadruped, quadratus
quantum, quantify
quarantine
quartan, quartile
quaternary
quinquetubercular
quintuplet
quota, quotient, aliquot
spine
ray
branch
seam
again, back
straight
kidney
to crawl
network
little network
backward, behind
rod, striated
burst forth, discharge
suture, sew up
flow, run, discharge
rupture, split
nose, snout
root
rosy
nose, proboscis
ribose
stream bank
wheel, turn
red
reddish
wrinkle
rachis
radial, radiole, irradiation
biramous, ramify
perineal raphe
repolarization, remission, relapse
rectum, rectilinear, rectus
renin, renal, adrenal
reptile
retina, rete mirabile
recitulum, reticule
retrograde, retroinfection, retrices
rhadom, Rhabdocoela
hamorrhage, rhinorrhagia
vaginorrhapy, cardiorrhaphy
rheotropism, amenorrhea, rhea
cystorrhexis, cardiorrhexis
rhinoceros, rhinoplasty, rhinorrhea
rhizome, mycorrhiza, Rhizobium
Rhodophyta, rhodopsin, rhododendron
rhynchocoel, Echinorhyncha
ribosome, ribonucleic acid, riboflavin
riparian
rotate, rotifer
rubricyte, rubeola, bilirubin
rufous
rugae, rugose, corrugator
sugar, sweet
arrow
salt
auditory (eustachian) tube
uterine (fallopian) tube
jumping, dancing
blood
decay
flesh, muscle
lizard
bowl, vessel, shovel, digger
shoulder
split
split, separate
saccharine, Saccharomyces
midsagittal, Sagittaria
salinity
salpingostenosis
salpingocyesis, pyosalpinx, mesosalpinx
saltatory, saltigrade, Salticidae
sanguinivorous, exsanguinate
saprophyte, saprobe
saarcoplasm, Sarcodina
dinosaur, sauropod, Saurischia
scaphopod, scaphoid
scapula, subscapularis
schistosome, schist, Schistocephalus
schizocoelous, schizophrenia
Q
quadr/i
quant/i
quarant
quart/o
quarter
quinque
quint/o
quot/i
R
rach/i
rad/i
ram/i
raph/e
rerect/o
ren/o
rept
rete
reticul/o
retr/o
rhabd/o
rhag/ia
rhaph/y
rhe/o
rhexis
rhin/o
rhiz/o
rhod/o
rhynch/o
rib/o
ripar/o
rot/i
rub/e, rubr/i
ruf/o
rug/a
S
sacchar/o
sagitt/a
sal
salping/o, 1
salping/o, 2
salt/a
sanguin/o
sapr/o
sarc/o
saur/o
scaph/o
scapul/a
schist/o
schiz/o
sciur/o
scler/o
-scope
-scopy
scyph/o
seb/o
sect/i
secund/o
sed/i
semin/o
semiseps/o, sept/i
sept/o
ser/o
serrat/o
sess/i
set/a
sex/i
sial/o
sigm/o
silic/o
sin/o, 1
sin/o, 2
sinistr/o
-sis
sit/o
sit/u
skot/o
soci/o
solen/o
som/a
somat/o
somn/i
son/o
spasm/o
sperm/ato
sphen/o
spher/o
spin/o
spir/o, 1
spir/o, 2
splanchn/o
splen/o
spondyl/o
spor/o
squam/o
-stalsis
staphyl/o
stas/i
-stasis
stat/o
stear/o, steat/o
stell/o
sten/o
ster/eo
sterc/o
squirrel
hard
viewing instrument
viewing process
cup
grease, fat
cut
second
sit
seed
half
infection
partition
whey, watery part
sawtoothed
low, sitting, attached
hair, bristle
six
saliva
S-shaped
flint, silica
curve, fold, hollow
China
left
process, action
food
place, location
dark
companion, society
pipe, tube, channel
body
body
sleep
sound
twitch, cramp
seed, sperm
wedge
sphere
spine
breath, breathing
coil
intestine, hollow organ
spleen
vertebra
spore
scale
constriction
grape, cluster, uvula
stand
constancy, arrest
stop, stationary, position
fat
star
narrow, constricted
solid, three-dimensional
feces
Sciuridae, Sciurus
arteriosclerosis, scleroderma, sclerenchyme
microscope, endoscope, oscilloscope
microscopy, endoscopy, sigmoidoscopy
Scyphozoa, scyphistoma
sebum, sebaceous, seborrhea
dissection, transect
secondary
sediment, sedentery
semen, inseminate, seminal
semilunar, semispinalis
sepsis, antiseptic, septicemia
septum, septate
serum, serous, serology
serrate, serratus
sessile
setaceous, setiferous
sexidigital
sialadenitis, sialic acid, sialagogue
sigmoid colon
silicates, silicosis, siliceous
sinus, sinoatrial
Clonorchis sinensis
sinistral
glycogenesis, dialysis
parasite, sitotoxin
site, in situ
skototaxis, skotophilic
eusocial, sociobiology
solenocyte, typhlosole
neurosoma, ribosome, desmosome
somatic, somatotropin, psychosomatic
insomia, somnifacient, somnambulism
ultrasonic, sonogram, sonication
brachiospasm, phrenospasm, spasmodic
spermatocyte, angiosperm, Spermophilus
sphenoid, Sphenodon
spheroid, phyllosphere, spherocytosis
spina bifida, cerebrospinal, spinocentesis
inspire, spirometry, spirogram
spirochaete, spirillum, Spirogyra
splanchnic, splanchnomesoderm
splenic, splenomegaly
spondylosis, spondylotripsy
sporophyll, sporozoite
squamous, Squamata, desquamation
peristalsis
Staphylococcus
prostate, obstetrics, interstice
hemostasis, homeostasis
hemostat, statocyst, bacteriostatic
stearic acid, steatopygous
stellate cells, Stelleroidea
stenophagous, stenosis
stereoscopic, stereocilium, steroid
stercolith, stercorarian
stern/o
steth/o
sthen/i
stigmat/o
stom/o, stomat/o
-stomy
strept/o
stria
strom/a
styl/o
subsufsulc/o
supsupersuprasus
sylv/at
sym
syn
syring/o
chest
chest
strength
spot, spotted
mouth, pore
making a new opening
twisted chain
channel, furrow, stripe
spread out
pillar, rod
below
below
ditch, trench
below
above
above
below
forest
together
together
tube, pipe
sternum, sternocleidomastoid, xiphisternum
stethoscope
mysathenia, neurasthenia, asthenic
stigmata, astigmatism
stomodaeum, prostomium, stomatopod
colostomy, tracheostomy
streptococcus
striated, striation
stroma, stromatolite
styloid, urostyle
subphylum, subcutaneous, subsoil
suffuse, suffocate
sulcus, sulcate
suppository, suppurate
supernatant, superior, superovulation
suprarenal, supraorbital, suprapatellar
suspensory, sustentacular
sylvatic, sylvan
symbiosis, symphysis, sympatric
synovial, synchondrosis, synapse
syringe, syrinx
speed
ankle, sole, flat surface
order, arrange, coordinate
distant, remote
goal, end
time, side of the head
stretch
monster, birth defect
round
earth
third
testis
shell, tile
four
hidden chamber
sea
young shoot
case, cup, chest, box
nipple, female
wild beast, mammal
treatment
heat
to place
chest
blood clot
sac, pouch
pertaining to
shin
pertaining to
pertaining to
science of, practice of
process, act
pertaining to
tachycardia, tachypnea, tachometer
tarsus, metatarsal, tarsier
taxonomy, phototaxis, taxidermy
telemetry, telencephalon, teleost
uricotelic, teleological, telophase
temporal, temporalis, temporary
tensor, tensile, hyperextension
teratology, teratogenic
ligamentum teres
terrain, territory, terrarium
tertiary
testicular, testosterone
test, testate, Testudines
tetrapod, tetracycline, tetrachloride
thalamus, hypothalamus
thalassemia, Thalassia
thallus, thallophyte, homothallic
thecodont, spermatheca
polythelia, epithelium, thelarche, thelytoky
theropod, therapsid, Eutheria
hydrotherapy, chemotherapy, therapeutic
thermotaxis, thermophilic, hypothermia
prosthesis, synthesis
thorax, thoracic, thoracocentesis
thrombosis, thrombocyte
thylakoid
interstitial
tibia, tibiofibula, tibialis
optic, genetic, sciatic, symbiotic
hypothetical, optical
pediatrics, systematics, optics
olfaction, circumduction, micturition
connective, abortive
T
tach/y
tars/o
tax/o
tel/e, 1
tel/e, 2
tempor/o
tens/i
terat/o
teres
terra, terrest
tert/i
test/i, 1
test/i, 2
tetra
thalam/o
thalass/o
thall/o
thec/o
thel/i
ther/o
therap/y
therm/o
thesis
thorac/o
thromb/o
thylak/o
-tial
tibi/o
-tic
-tical
-tics
-tion
-tive
toci/a
tok/y
-tome, 1
-tome, 2
-tomy
ton/o
tonsill/o
top/o
tot/i
tox/o
trab/o
trache/o
trachel/o
tract
transtrem/a
tri/a, triad/o
trich/o
tripl/o
tripsy
trit/o, 1
trit/o, 2
troch/o
trogl/o
trop/o, 1
trop/o, 2
troph/o
tum/e
tunic/o
turb/i
tympan/o
typ/o, typic/o
typh/o
birth, labor
birth
cutting instrument
section, segment
cutting process
tension, strain
tonsils
place, position, location
all, total
toxin, poison
beam
windpipe
neck, narrow part
draw
through, across
hole, opening
three
hair
triple
crushing
third
rub
wheel, disc
cave
going toward, turning
in the region of
feeding, nourishing
swelling
coat
crown, whirl about
drum
type, form
cattail, smoke, fever
oxytocin, pitocin
epitoke, thelytoky, arrhenotoky, atoke
osteotome, microtome
dermatome, myotome
anatomy, phlebotomy, appendectomy
tonus, myotonia, hypertonic, tonometer
tonsillectomy
topology, toponarcosis, ectopic
totipotent
histotoxic, toxemia
trabecula
tracheal, tracheole, tracheostomy
trachelodynia
retraction, contract, extract
transect, transilluminate
trematode, helicotrema
triceps, tricuspid, triad, Triassic
trichosiderin, trichocyst, trichinosis
triploid, triploblastic, triplets
neurotripsy, lithotripsy
tritonymph, tritium, tritanopia
trituration, detritus
trochophore, actinotroch
troglodytic
gonadotropin, phototropism, tropotaxis
troposphere
heterotrophic, gonadotrophin, atrophy
tumescent, tumor, tumid
tunicate, tunica
turbidity, turbulence, turbellarian
tympanic, tympanostomy
typological, monotypic, atypical
Typha, typhus, typhoid
combining vowel
small
beyond, extreme
singular noun terminal
navel
small
nail, hoof
one, single
ureter
urethra
tail
urine
urinary condition
bear
nettle, itch
singular noun terminal
grape
porcupine, manual
antennule, alula, morula, ampulla
ultraviolet, ultrasonic, ultrastructure
septum, sensillum, spermatogonium
umbilical, umbilicus
peduncle, caruncle, homunculus
ungulate, subungual
uniramous, unicellular
ureter, ureterocele
urethra, transurethral
Anura, Urochordata, uropod
urology, uremia, hematuria
hematuria, oliguria, anuria
ursine, Ursus
urticaria, urticating hairs
tarsus, alveolus, glomerulus
uvulus, uvea, uveitis
U
u
-ul/e
ultra-um
umbilic/o
-uncle, -uncul
ungu/o
uni
ureter/o
urethr/o
ur/o, 1
ur/o, 2
uria
urs/o
urtic/o
-us
uv/e
V
vacu/o
vag/o
vagin/o
vas/o
ven/o
ventr/o
ventricul/o
verd/i
verm/i
vern/a
vertebr/a
vesic/o
vesicul/o
vill/i
vir/i
vir/u
viscer/o
vita
vitr/o, vitre/o
vivi
voc/o
vol, 1
vol, 2
vol, 3
volut
volv/o
vor/o
vulv/o
empty
wandering
sheath
vessel, duct
vein
belly, lower side
ventricle
green
worm
spring
spine
bladder
small sac
shaggy hair
male
poison
internal organs, entrails
life
glassy
alive
voice
sole, palm
fly
will
roll, turn
turn
eat
covering
vacuum, vacuole, evacuate
vagus nerve, vagovagal
vagina, invaginate, tunica vaginalis
vasoconstriction, vas deferens, extravasated
venous, venule
venter, ventral, ventricle
ventricular, atrioventricular
biliverdin
vermiform, vermifuge
vernal, vernalization
vertebral, Vertebrata, invertebrate
vesical
vesicular, vesicle
villous, microvillus, villikinin
virile, virilization, virility
virus, virulent
visceral, eviscerate, visceroptosis
supravital, vitamin, vitality
vitreous, in vitro
viviparous, vivisection, in vivo
vocal, vocalis
volar
volatile
volition, voluntary
evolution, involution, volute
evolve, revolve, Volvox
carnivorous, omnivore, devour
vulva, vulvorrhaphy, vulvectomy
singular noun terminal
yellow
alien, foreign, stranger
dry, arid
sword
wood
thorax, pharynx
xanthophyll, xanthoderma, zooxanthella
xenograft, xenobiotic, xenophobia
xerophyte, xeroderma, xerophilic
xiphoid, xiphisternum
xylocopid, xylem, xylol
singular noun terminal
combining vowel
state, condition
process
stuff, matter
ovary, artery, nectary
tachycardia, bradyzoite
polyspermy, dysentery
anatomy, microscopy, surgery, pathology
ethyl, vinyl, isopropyl
animal
belt, girdle
union, yoke, marriage
yeast, fermentation
zoology, metazooan, Protozoa
zona, zonula
zygote, zygospore, zygomatic
enzyme, zymogen, lysozyme
X
x
xanth/o
xen/o
xer/o
xiph/i
xyl/o
Y
-y, 1
-y, 2
-y, 3
-y, 4
-yl
Z
zo/o
zon/o
zyg/o
zym/o