HIST 413
Imagining the Nation: Canada 19th and 20th centuries (W-2013)
Professor:
Office:
Phone number:
Office hours:
Email:
Michel Ducharme
Buchanan Tower 1104
(604) 822-5642 (during Office Hours)
Wednesday, 1pm to 4pm
michel.ducharme@ubc.ca
Course Description
This course examines the evolution of the concept of nation in Canada, the different
forms of nationalism it has inspired from the middle of the nineteenth-century in French
and English Canada to the patriation of the Canadian Constitution in 1982 and beyond. It
examines the tensions inherent to Canadian nation-building process.
Learning Objectives and Learning Outcomes
In this course, students will develop an understanding of the emergence and evolution of
different national identities in Canada over the last 200 years. They will become familiar
with the following topics:
 the theoretical differences between different concepts of nation and
nationalism
 the relationship between the concepts of race, ethnicity and nation
 the origins of different national identities in Canada in the 19th century
(French Canadian, English Canadian, Acadian, and Métis identities)
 the political struggles between different national groups over the nature of
Canada in the 19th and 20th centuries
 the major transformations of the 1960s which led to current forms of national
discourses and nationalisms
This course will also sharpen students’ analytic skills in reading, writing, and oral
presentation, and encourage them to question received authority of all kind. Accordingly,
students will be required to participate in weekly discussions about a specific relevant
theme. They will also have to write a book review and an analytic essay on an issue
relating to one aspect of Canadian nationalism. These assignments are designed to
develop students’ knowledge about nationalism in Canada, as well as their reading,
writing and research skills.
Books and Course Package
Students will need two books and a course package (available at the UBC Bookstore):
 H.V. Nelles, The Art of Nation-Building: Pageantry and Spectacle at Quebec's
Tercentenary (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999).
 George Grant, Lament for a Nation, 40th anniversary edition, Montreal: McGillQueen’s University Press, 2005
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For students with no background in Canadian history, these short surveys could be useful
(available in the library OR on amazon.ca):
 H.V. Nelles, A Little History of Canada, Don Mills: Oxford University Press,
2004.
 Desmond Morton, A Short History of Canada, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart,
2006.
Evaluation
Participation:
Book Review:
Research Essay (10-12 pages):
Take-home Exam:
15 %
20 % (due date: October 10, 2013)
40 % (due date: November 28, 2013)
25 % (due date: December 5, 2013)
Plagiarism
University of British Columbia values academic integrity. Therefore all students must
understand the meaning and consequences of cheating, plagiarism and other academic
offences. For more information, see these two websites:
http://help.library.ubc.ca/planning-your-research/academic-integrity-plagiarism/
Book Review: Due October 10, 2013
Students will have to prepare a book review (5-6 pages) on this book: H.V. Nelles, The
Art of Nation-Building: Pageantry and Spectacle at Quebec's Tercentenary (Toronto:
University of Toronto Press, 1999).
*** Book reviews are due at beginning of class on the due date. No late
submission will be accepted, as the book will be discussed in class. Exception
could be made for students who get an academic concession from Arts Advising.
In this case, students will review another book chosen by the instructor.
Research Essay: Due November 28, 2013.
Students will have to write an essay (10-12 pages) on a subject of their choice related to
the nation question in Canada. Students are free to choose any topic between the 1840s
(emergence of different trends of nationalism in Canada) and 1982 (patriation of the
Constitution). They must seek the instructor=s approval before October 31st. The paper
must follow a history format and include a table of contents, notes, and a full
bibliography (see: Jeffrey W. Alexander and Joy Dixon, Thomson Nelson Guide to
Writing in History, 2nd edition (Toronto: Nelson, 2010).)
*** Students will need to submit hard copies of their essays to the instructor as
well as an electronic copy to TurnItIn by the paper deadlines. I do not expect to
find plagiarism, but I use the TurnItIn system to protect students and to keep the
marking fair. More explanation on how to submit essays to TurnItIn will be
provided later on.
*** Late papers will be penalized 5% per day beginning with the end of class on
the due date.
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Take-home Exam:
A take-home exam will be held at the end of the semester. Students will receive the
questions on the last day of class (November 28, 2013) and will have to bring their
answer back to the secretariat of the History Department on December 5, 2013 before
4:30PM.
***No late submission will be accepted.
Schedule
Week 1: Introduction
September 5: Introduction: Canada and the National Question
Week 2: What is a Nation? What is Nationalism?
September 7: What is a nation?
Suggested Readings
 Ernest Renan, “What is a Nation?” (“Qu’est-ce qu’une nation”) (1882)
Link: http://www.nationalismproject.org/what/renan.htm
 Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Addresses to the German Nation (1806-1807)
Link: http://library.flawlesslogic.com/fichte.htm
September 12: What is nationalism? Nations in Western World History (19th-20th
centuries)
Suggested Readings:
Link for all these texts: http://www.nationalismproject.org/what.htm
 Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983.
Eric Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism since 1780, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1990.
 Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread
of Nationalism, revised ed. London and New York: Verso, 1991
 Anthony D. Smith, “Gastronomy or Geology? The Role of Nationalism in the
Reconstruction of Nations." Nations and Nationalism 1, 1 (1994): 3-23
 John Breuilly, Nationalism and the State, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1985.
Week 3: The Emergence of Nationalism in Canada I: From Patriotism to French
Canadian nationalism
September 17: British North America before 1840
September 19: The Emergence of French Canadian Nationalism
Suggested Readings:
 François-Xavier Garneau, “Preliminary Discourse to History of Canada”
(1845), History of Canada: From the Time of Its Discovery Till the Union
Year 1840-41, Montreal: Richard Worthington, 1866, Volume 1, p. xxivxxxiii
Links: available at http://books.google.ca
 Calixa Lavallée and Basil Routier, “O Canada”(1880):
Lyrics available at: http://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/sc-cs/anthem_e.cfm
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Lyrics with an exact English translation of the French original text:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Canada
Music (French version): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8Sw6ScUmnk
Week 4: The Emergence of Nationalism in Canada II: The Emergence of an
Acadian and a Canadian nation
September 24: The Acadian Renaissance
Suggested Readings:
 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Evangeline: A Tale of Acadia (1847)
Link: available at http://books.google.ca
September 26: The Emergence of (English) Canadian National Identity
Suggested Readings:
 John Mercier McMullen, “Preface,” History of Canada, from Its First Discovery
to the Present Time, Brockville: J.M. McMullen Publisher, 1855.
Link: available at http://books.google.ca
 Edward Hartley Dewart, “Introductory Essay,” in Selections from Canadian
Poets, Montreal: John Lovell, 1864, ix-xix.
Link: available at http://books.google.ca
 Alexander Muir, “The Maple Leaf Forever”
Lyrics available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Maple_Leaf_Forever
Music: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=78LuJa_cKjI
Week 5: Canada: Nation, Dominion or Empire?
October 1: Canada: From Colony to Nation
October 3: Canada as an Empire: Canada and Aboriginal Peoples
Suggested Readings:
 Numbered Treaties 1-7 (1871-1877)
Link: http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100028653/1100100028654
Week 6: An Era of National Struggles (1867-1917)
October 8: Struggles between French and English Canadians (1867-1917)
October 10: Struggle over Public Memory: The Tercentenary of Quebec City
Reading: (due date for book review)
 H.V. Nelles, The Art of Nation-Building: Pageantry and Spectacle at Quebec's
Tercentenary, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999
Week 7: The Emergence of Canadian Nationalism
October 15: Nationalism, Imperialism and the Great War
October 17: The Great War, Vimy Ridge, and Canadian Identity
Readings:
 Jonathan Vance, “To Found a Country,” in Vance, Death So Noble: Memory,
Meaning, and the First World War, Vancouver: UBC Press, 1997, 226-256.
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
Jacqueline Hucker, “‘Battle and Burial’: Recapturing the Cultural Meaning of
Canada’s National Memorial on Vimy Ridge,” The Public Historian, 31: 1
(2009): 89-109.
Link: available through the UBC Library
Week 8: Race, Ethnicity and Immigration
October 22: Racism and Nationalism
October 24: Antisemitism
Readings:
 Irving Abella and Harold Troper, “‘The Line Must be Drawn Somewhere’:
Canada and the Jewish Refugees, 1933-9,”Canadian Historical Review 60, 2
(1979): 178-209.
Link: available through the UBC Library
 Pierre Anctil, ““Interlude of hostility: Judeo-Christian relations in Quebec in the
interwar period, 1919-1939,” in Antisemitism in Canada: History and
Interpretation, ed. Alan Davies, Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1992,
135-165.
Week 9: Evolving Canadian Identity (1945-1970)
October 29: Transformations of the English Canadian Identity
October 31: Conservatism and the Advent of a New Canadian Nationalism
Reading:
 George Grant, Lament for a Nation, 40th anniversary edition, Montreal: McGillQueen’s University Press, 2005
Week 10: The Emergence of Quebec Nationalism
November 5: From French Canadian to Québécois
November 7: Competing visions of the Nation
Readings:
 Pierre Elliott Trudeau, ANew Treason of the Intellectuals,@ in Federalism and the
French Canadians, Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1968, 151-181.
 René Lévesque, René Lévesque, An Option for Québec, Toronto: McClelland &
Stewart, 1968, 14–30.
 FLQ Manifesto (October 1970)
Link : http://www.marxists.org/history/canada/quebec/flq/1970/manifesto.htm
Week 11: Constitutional Crisis
November 12: The 1980 Referendum and the Patriation of the Constitution
November 14: Canadian Identity under Attack
Readings:
 Neil Bissoondath, “The Uses of Ethnicity” in Bissoondath, Selling Illusions: The
Cult of Multiculturalism, Toronto: Penguin Book, 1994, p. 98-134.
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
Robert Martin and Philip L. Bryden, “Is the Canadian Charter of Rights and
Freedoms antidemocratic?” in Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, eds.,
Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues, Toronto: ITP Nelson, 1998, 96107.
Week 12: Art, Marketing and National Identity
November 19: Art and National Identity
November 21: Marketing and Nationalism
Readings:
 Paula Hasting, “Branding Canada: Consumer Culture and the Development of
Popular Nationalism in the Early Twentieth Century,” in Canadas of the Mind:
The Making and Unmaking of Canadian Nationalisms in the Twentieth Century,
ed. Norman Hillmer and Adam Chapnick, Montréal: McGill-Queen’s University,
2007, 134-158.
 Steve Penfold, “Eddie Shack Was No Tim Horton: Donuts and the Folklore of
Mass Culture, 1974-1999” in The Donut: A Canadian Story, Toronto: University
of Toronto Press, 2008, 165-189.
 Catherine Carstairs, “Roots Nationalism: Branding English Canada Cool In The
1980s and 1990s,” Histoire sociale/ Social History 39: 77 (2006): 235-255.
Link: available through the UBC Library
Week 13: Nation or Nations?
November 26: First Nations and the Canadian Nation
November 29: History of the Nation or National History
Readings:
 Lyle Dick, “‘A Growing Necessity for Canada’: W. L. Morton’s Centenary Series
and the Forms of National History, 1955-80,” Canadian Historical Review 82, 2
(2001): 223-252
Link: available through the UBC Library
 Bliss, Michael. “Privatizing the Mind: The Sundering of Canadian History, the
Sundering of Canada,” Journal of Canadian Studies 26, 4 (1991-1992): 5-17.
 Veronica Strong-Boag, “Contested Space: The Politics of Canadian Memory,”
Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 5 (1994): 3-17
Link: available through the UBC Library
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Kedourie, Eli. Nationalism. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.
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