Operating Systems
Saira Batool
Mohd. Nabil Murshed
CMUQ Undergraduate
P.O BOX 6032
Doha, Qatar
CMUQ Undergraduate
P.O BOX
Doha, Qatar
sbatool@qatar.cmu.edu
mnabilmu@qatar.cmu.edu
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we will describe the structure and content of our
presentation on Operating Systems. The presentation will focus on
what Operating systems are how they function.
Categories and Subject Descriptors
D.3.3 [Programming Languages]: Language Contracts and
Features
K.6.3 [Management of Computing and Information Systems]:
Software Management
General Terms
Operating Systems, graphics user interface, Supervisor mode, and
protected mode.
Keywords
Operating System, kernel, mode, interrupt, user-interface, realtime, multi-tasking, multi-user, single-tasking operating systems
and punch cards.
1. INTRODUCTION
Components of an Operating System, Types of Operating Systems
and Chrome Operating System.
4.0 Operating Systems
4.1 Definition and Goals
Operating Systems run on computers and manage the computer’s
hardware. These are a set of functions or a program, which sync
the hardware and allocate resources like the memory and the
CPU. It provides a user interface for the user to work on.
4.2 Evolution
How did Operating Systems come to existence? Computers were
like small programs that could only carry out single tasks.
Punch Cards: Programs were encrypted in punch cards or tapes
and then loaded into the computers. These are cards with holes
inside, where then the computer identifies the position of these
holes and processes information.
Problems with single systems: Time consuming and computers
had no memory management which meant that if the system
crashed, all work would be lost.
The presentation gives an overview on what exactly operating
systems are, how they function, a brief history on how operating
systems were used in the past and some examples of modern
operating systems.
Solutions: With Operating Systems installed, multiple
independent tasks were easily run on the computers. OS manage
memory and use virtual memory. This makes storing of programs,
running large programs and correcting bugs very easy.
2. Definition
5. Components of an Operating System
5.1 The Kernel
Operating systems communicate and interact with the hardware of
your computer and other basic operations. Operating systems
control disk drives, printers, keyboard, and mouse and also keep
track of your files on the disk. A series of tasks are taken in
account by an Operating System. Take a multitasking operating
system where multiple programs can run at the same time. An
operating system will determine which program will run first and
how much time will be allocated before another program runs.
Operating Systems also send messages to the user to notify them
of any system errors. There are many operating systems available,
some examples include; Microsoft Windows, Linux/Unix, Mac
OS X, Solaris and Ubuntu 10.04. The most recent Operating
system which will be released this year is Chrome OS which is a
Linux-based, open source operating system designed by Google to
work mainly with web applications.
A component that provides basic service to the Operating System
and applications. The applications are linked to the actual
processing done in the hardware. The kernel loads program
instructions and data into the memory and manages the
input/output on the external devices.
5.2 How it works
Firstly the Kernel sets up a memory space for the application.
Then the program is loaded, the application is run and the kernel
reads the instructions and executes them.
Mach Kernel: was developed at Carnegie Mellon University
which was used for the Linux Operating System by Apple’s
PowerMac computer.
5.3 User Interface
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3.
Briefortopics
requires
prior specific permission
and/or
a fee. will be discussed; What
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this presentation
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topics
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Copyright 2010 ACM 1-58113-000-0/00/0010…$10.00.
Operating Systems use the text based UI (user interface) and GUI
(graphical user interface). The GUI lets the user to interact with
the computer by typing, playing videos etc.
5.4 Interrupts
Interrupts allow the Operating Systems to interact with the
environment. It allows the computer to switch from a current task
when a computer receives an interrupt. Interrupts are managed by
the kernels.
5.5 Modes
There are two types of modes; protected mode is used by the
applications and communicates through the kernel first which then
operates with the supervisor mode. The other mode is the
supervisor mode which is used by the kernel for unrestricted use
of hardware.
6. Types of Operating Systems
6.1 Real-time: are used to control complex systems such as
Chrome operating system is the most recent type of operating
system which is designed by Google to work mainly with web
applications. It is an open source operating system which will be
targeted at net books like the tablet. Chrome OS is basically a
browser, there are no applications or folders as there are on other
operating systems. The whole operating system is connected
online to the cloud to make it a more powerful and faster
software. This type of operating system takes less than 7s to
operate whereas compared to other operating systems which take
at least 45s.
8. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Our thanks to ACM SIGCHI for providing the paper templates.
machines and scientific instruments. This type of OS is very fast
and users don’t have much control over the functions.
9. REFERNCES
6.2 Single user, single-task: Single users are allowed to
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system
do on processing at a time. Another application cannot be run
unless the processing one has finished. Example of this type of OS
is Palm OS.
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_%28computing%29
6.3 Single user, multi-task: This type of OS allows a
[5] http://www.blurtit.com/q5220480.html
single user to run multiple applications at a time. Examples
include Microsoft Windows or Macintosh.
[6] http://en.kioskea.net/contents/systemes/sysintro.php3
6.4 Multiuser: Allows multi-users to use as many resources
on a single computer. Example is Unix/Linux.
7. Chrome Operating System
[3] http://www.research.ibm.com/htl/
[4] http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system.htm