Sources and Notes to the ICOP Industry Database
Benchmark Estimates of Unit Value Ratios (Tables 1 and 2) and Labour
Productivity (Table 3) in Manufacturing
The countries are ranked according to their level of value added per person
employed in 1987
Tanzania/USA (1989) from A. Szirmai, A., M. Prins and W. Schulte (2001), ‘Measuring
Manufacturing Performance in Tanzania: GDP, Employment and Comparative Labour
Productivity, 1961-1995,’ in A. Szirmai and P. Lapperre (eds), The Industrial
Performance of Tanzania, Houndmills, Palgrave, pp. 73-113.
Zambia/USA (1990) from Yamfwa, F.K. (2001), Improving Manufacturing Performance
in LDC's. The Case of Zambia, Technical University Eindhoven.
India/USA (1987), Taiwan/USA (1986) and Indonesia/USA (1987) from Timmer, M.P.
(2000), The Dynamics of Asian Manufacturing. A Comparative Perspective in the late
Twentieth Century, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
China/USA (1987) from Szirmai, A. and R. Ren (1998), ‘China’s Manufacturing
Performance in Comparative Perspective,’ in M. Fouquin and F. Lemoine, eds., The
Chinese Economy, Economica, London, pp. 49-64.
Egypt/France (1996) and Morocco/France (1997) from Chevallier, A. and D. ÜnalKesenci, ‘La productivite des industries mediterraneennes,’ Centre d’etudes prospectives
et d’informations internationales (CEPII), Paris, mimeographed.
Hungary/W-Germany (1987) from Monnikhof, E.J. (1996), ‘Productivity performance in
manufacturing in Hungary and West Germany, 1987-1994,’ Groningen Growth and
Development Centre, Groningen, mimeographed.
Poland/W-Germany (1989) from Liberda, B.Z., E.J. Monnikhof and B. van Ark (1996),
‘Manufacturing Productivity Performance in Poland and West Germany in 1989,’
Economic Discussion Papers, No. 25, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of
Warsaw, May.
Hungary/Germany (1996), Czech Republic/Germany (1996) and Poland/Germany (1996)
from Monnikhof, E.J. and B. van Ark (2000), ‘New Estimates of Labour Productivity in
the Manufacturing sectors of Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, 1996,’ second report
for the Countdown Project ‘CEEC’s Catching-Up, Comparative Advantages and Trade
Structure at Industrial Level,’ WIIW, Vienna, mimeographed.
Czechoslovakia/W-Germany (1989) and East Germany/W-Germany (1987) from Ark, B.
van (1996), ‘Convergence and Divergence in the European Periphery: Productivity in
Eastern and Southern Europe in Retrospect,’ in B. van Ark and N.F.R. Crafts, eds.,
Quantitative Aspects of Post-War European Economic Growth, CEPR/Cambridge
University Press, pp. 271-326.
Portugal/UK (1987) from Peres Lopes, L. (1994), ‘Manufacturing Productivity in
Portugal in a Comparative Perspective,’ Notas Economicas no. 4, Universidade de
Coimbra.
USSR/USA (1987) from Kouwenhoven, R.D.J. (1996), ‘A Comparison of Soviet and US
Industrial Performance,’ Research Memorandum GD-29, Groningen Growth and
Development Centre, Groningen.
Korea/USA (1987) from Pilat, D. (1994), The Economics of Rapid Growth. The
Experience of Japan and Korea, Aldershot UK and Brookfield US: Edward Elgar.
Mexico/USA (1988) and Brazil/USA (1985) from Mulder, M., S. Montout, and L. Peres
Lopes (2001), ‘Brazil and Mexico's Manufacturing Performance in International
Perspective,’ CEPII, Paris, mimeographed.
Spain/UK (1984) from Ark, B. van (1995), ‘Produccion y productividad en el sector
manufacturero español. Un analisis comparativo 1950-1992,’ Información Comercial
Española. La actividad empresarial en España, Madrid, October, no. 746, pp. 67-77.
Australia/USA (1987) from Pilat, D., D.S. Prasasa Rao and W.F. Shepherd (1993),
‘Australia and United States Manufacturing. A Comparison of Real Output, Productivity
Levels and Purchasing Power, 1970-1989,’ COPPAA Series, no. 1, Centre for the Study of
Australia-Asia Relations, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
UK/USA (1987) from Ark, B. van (1992), ‘Comparative Productivity in British and
American Manufacturing,’ National Institute Economic Review, November.
Finland/USA (1987) and Sweden/USA (1987) from Maliranta, M. (1994), ‘Comparative
Levels of Labour Productivity in Swedish, Finnish and American Manufacturing’, Helsinki
School of Economics, mimeographed.
West Germany/USA (1987) from van Ark, B. van and D. Pilat (1993), ‘Productivity Levels
in Germany, Japan and the United States,’ Brookings Papers on Economic Activity,
Microeconomics 2, Washington D.C., December.
France/USA (1987) from Ark, B. van and R.D.J. Kouwenhoven (1994), ‘Productivity in
French Manufacturing: An International Comparative Perspective,’ Research Memorandum,
no. 571 (GD-10), Groningen Growth and Development Centre.
Japan/USA (1987) from Pilat, D. (1994), The Economics of Rapid Growth. The
Experience of Japan and Korea, Aldershot UK and Brookfield US: Edward Elgar.
Canada/USA (1987) from Jong, G. de (1996), ‘Canada's Postwar Manufacturing
Performance. A Comparison with the United States,’ Research Memorandum GD-32,
Groningen Growth and Development Centre, Groningen.
Belgium/USA (1987) from Soete, A. (1994), ‘The Evolution of the Competitiveness of
the Belgian Manufacturing Industry in the Long Run, 1880-1990,’ paper presented at the
Economics Department of the Catholic University Leuven.
Netherlands/USA (1987) from Kouwenhoven, R.D.J. (1993), ‘Analysing Dutch
Manufacturing Productivity’, May 1993, Groningen Growth and Development Centre,
mimeographed