Early Recovery Framework
Cyclone Sidr
United Nations System
Bangladesh
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
The United Nations and Cyclone Sidr Relief Operations ................................................................................................................................................... 7
The UN Early Recovery Framework: Supporting Transition from Relief to Recovery .....................................................................................................11
Early Recovery Interventions...........................................................................................................................................................................................13
Addressing Vulnerability .............................................................................................................................................................................................13
Agriculture ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................15
Disaster Risk Reduction ...............................................................................................................................................................................................20
Education .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................22
Environment ................................................................................................................................................................................................................26
Food Security & Nutrition............................................................................................................................................................................................28
Health ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................32
Livelihoods ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................36
Shelter .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................40
Water, Sanitation, Hygiene .........................................................................................................................................................................................43
Contacts Page ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................46
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Acronyms Used
AI:
Avian Influenza
EMOP:
WFP Emergency Operations Plan
AusAID:
Australian Government’s Overseas Aid Programme
EPI:
Expanded Programme on Immunization
BLS:
Basic Life Support
EP/R:
Emergency Preparedness/Response
BRAC:
Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee
ERNA:
Early Recovery Needs Assessment
BSFP:
Blanket Supplementary Feeding Programme
FAO:
Food and Agricultural Organization
CBOs:
Community Based Organizations
FeHAs:
Female Health Assistants
CDMP:
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme
FD:
Forest Department
CERF:
Central Emergency Response Fund
FHH:
Female Headed Household
CEGIS:
Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services
FMD:
Foot and mouth disease
CSBAs:
Community Skilled Birth Attendants
FWAs:
Family Welfare Assistants
CSOs:
Civil Society Organizations
GIS:
Geographic Information System
CST:
Country Support Team
GoB:
Government of Bangladesh
DAEs:
Department of Agricultural Extensions
GPS:
Global Positioning System/ Government Primary School
DER:
Disaster and Emergency Response
HH:
Household
DFID:
UK Department for International Development
HIV/AIDS:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency
DGFP:
Directorate General of Family Planning
DGHS:
Directorate General of Health Services
HRC:
Housing Resource Centre
DMB:
Disaster Management Bureau
ICM:
Integrated Crop Management
DMCs:
Disaster Management Committees
ICT:
Information and Communication Technology
DMIC:
Disaster Management Information Centre
IFRC:
International Federation of the Red Cross
DPHE:
Department of Public Health Engineering
IGA:
Income Generating Activity
DSM:
Dutch State Mines, Nutritional Products Ltd.
ILO:
International Labour Organization
DRM:
Disaster Risk Management
IPHN:
Institute of Public Health Nutrition
DRR:
Disaster Risk Reduction/Directorate of Relief and Rehabilitation
IYCF:
Infant and Young Child Feeding
ECHO:
European Commission Humanitarian Aid
JDLNA:
Joint Damage Loss and Needs Assessment
ECP:
Emergency Contraception Pill
JICA:
Japan International Cooperation Agency
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Syndrome
LBW:
Low Birth Weight
PSF:
Pond Sand Filter
LCG:
Local Consultative Group
RIMS:
Resources Information Management
LGED:
Local Government Engineering Department
RH:
Reproductive Health
M&E:
Monitoring and Evaluation
RS:
Remote Sensing
MBI:
Mass Body Index
SIDA:
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
MCWC:
Mother and Child Welfare Centre
SCF:
Save the Children’s Fund
MISP:
Minimum Initial Services Package
SCG:
Shelter Coordination Group
MNP:
Micro-nutrient Powder
SMCs:
School Management Committees
MoA:
Ministry of Agriculture
SPFs:
Supplementary Feeding Programme
MoEdu:
Ministry of Education
SPARSO:
Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization
MoEF:
Ministry of Environment and Forest
TFC:
Therapeutic Feeding Centre
MoFDM:
Ministry of Food and Disaster Management
UHC:
Upazila Health Complex
MoFL:
Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock
UHFWC:
Union Health and Family Welfare Centre
MoHFW:
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
UNAIDS:
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
MoLE:
Ministry of Labour and Employment
UNDP:
United Nations Development Programme
MoLGRD&C:
Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and
UNESCO:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Cooperatives
UNICEF:
United Nations Children’s Fund
Ministry of Primary and Mass Education/Directorate of Primary
UNOCHA:
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
MoPME/DPE:
Education
Affairs
MoPME/MoE:
Ministry of Primary and Mass Education/Ministry of Education
UNRC:
United Nations Resident Coordinator
NFI:
Non-food Items
USAID:
United States Agency for International Development
NGPS:
Registered Non-government Primary School
VAM:
Vulnerability Analysis Mapping
OGSB:
Obstetric Gynaecological Society of Bangladesh
VGF:
Vulnerable Group Feeding
OPD:
Outpatient Department
WFP:
World Food Programme
PEDP II:
Primary Education Development Programme II
WPT:
Water Purification Tablets
PHC:
Primary Health Care
WHO:
World Health Organization
PLW:
Pregnant and Lactating Women
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Executive Summary
The goal of the United Nations Early Recovery Framework is to indicate
clearly to government, donors and the wider community exactly what
the UN system is doing and will do to assist in bringing about an early
recovery to the Sidr affected areas. Experience has often shown how
once emergency and life-saving efforts have ended there is a shortfall in
programming until large-scale reconstruction work begins; this
document recognises that and clearly indicates sector-by-sector what
the UN family will do to minimise the gap between relief and
reconstruction. It highlights the full range of early recovery activities
that the United Nations wishes to undertake from now until the end of
2008, both funded and unfunded.
At the same time it is also recognised that the government will take the
lead in much of this work in early recovery and that the interventions of
the UN are designed to compliment such work. With this in mind each
of the sector plans have already been developed in close collaboration
with government partners and the Ministry of Food and Disaster
Management’s (MoFDM) Early Recovery Action Plan, developed with
support from the UN, provides a clear frame of reference for how the
UN shall work.
The Early Recovery Framework encompasses a range of activities that
will draw upon the strengths and resilience of both local communities
and government. The ten sectors covered are 1) Addressing
Vulnerability, 2) Agriculture, 3) Disaster Risk Reduction, 4) Education, 5)
Environment, 6) Food Security and Nutrition, 7) Health, 8) Livelihoods, 9)
Shelter, 10) Water, Sanitation, Hygiene.
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Addressing Vulnerability: A key aspect of the Early Recovery Framework
will be the United Nations drive to reduce vulnerability of all kinds
within disaster-affected communities. For that reason apart from
projects targeting specific vulnerable groups, key principles of
mainstreaming vulnerability have been developed, subsequently
adopted and programmed throughout each of the nine other sectors.
Agriculture: The United Nations envisages a series of immediate
measures to enable farmers to resume cropping, livestock and fisheries
activities. These are time-critical activities without which many
households will not be able to engage in the recovery process of their
livelihoods. Failing to assist farmers will increase the need for a
protracted relief operation and increase the risk of further dependency
on aid. Vegetable and rice seeds, fertilisers, purchased inputs for
capture fishing and aquaculture, re-stocking of poultry, goats and sheep,
animal fodder, and vaccines and medication for livestock as well as
training in group formation and management, and improved
technologies will be provided to targeted households in the most
severely affected areas.
Disaster Risk Reduction: DRR plays an important role to ascertain that
early recovery processes do not rebuild vulnerability but rather reduce
the overall disaster risk in the long run. UN early recovery activities in
DRR are to work with local government and communities to use early
recovery programming and projects to reduce future risks.
Education: In the education sector, the United Nations and its partners
will adopt a cross sectoral approach in order to ensure that children
have access to quality primary education in a healthy and protective
environment. As a consequence issues such as water, nutrition,
sanitation, psychosocial care and support and teaching/learning
materials will be addressed.
Environment: The rapid environmental assessment revealed that the
environmental implications of Sidr were multidimensional and the
programmatic interventions planned by the United Nations reflect that;
they are based on the need to restore and protect biodiversity as well as
immediately enhance environmental management in the affected areas.
Interventions therefore include the establishment of a comprehensive
monitoring system, the rehabilitation of damaged forestry department
infrastructure, raising awareness of risks and fragility of the post-Sidr
environment and immediate livelihoods-based plantation support.
Food Security and Nutrition: Food insecurity coupled with other
concerns such as rising food prices and potentially increasing
malnutrition rates, and a challenging food import environment, all point
to the need for a continuing and strong relief response. Such assistance
can help to secure the food needs of the worst affected and most food
insecure families, and as such can prevent suffering associated with
hunger, malnutrition, and the further deterioration of livelihoods.
United Nations relief interventions will include the continuation of food
distributions through NGO partners as well as the development of
specific nutritional support through the use of Micro-Nutrient Powder.
In early recovery, food will be used for food-for-work infrastructure
programmes. The nutritional intake of the most vulnerable will
continually receive careful attention and programming support.
Health: United Nations partners in the health sector will focus on
supporting the government to maintain and increase the capacity of
local health care facilities, while at the same time ensuring access to
emergency and primary health care for the affected populations. There
is need also to continue disease surveillance in the coming months and
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ensure an early warning system of any outbreak; while disease
prevalence has returned to normal, there remains a significant risk of
upsurge during the coming monsoon, especially since thousands of
families remain without adequate shelter in these areas.
Livelihoods: The main focus is on restoring small and micro business,
injecting money in the local economy of the affected districts through
quick impact projects (viz. cash for work, labour-based infrastructure
schemes etc.) for restoration of community assets, restarting small
businesses and promoting income generating activities among the
affected vulnerable groups. Providing these groups opportunities for
alternative livelihoods in the form of short-cycle skills training and
business development is an important aspect of the programme. Also
included is a capacity development component for stakeholders
(Government agencies, NGOs, community leaders/volunteers) to
compile and analyze data on damage, loss, and needs assessment for
short and long-term livelihood recovery.
Shelter: The United Nations shall continue to lead the working-group on
shelter, coordinating activities, technical standards and the avoidance of
duplication, targeting of the most vulnerable. The UN system’s own
implementation combines the reconstruction of 40,000 homes to
cyclone-resistant standard, the creation of Housing Resource Centres to
provide assistance to all those constructing their own homes, and pilot
programmes to assist in bringing security to the landless poor.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH): The United Nations and its
partners in WASH intend to provide the following support during the
early recovery phase: i) the provision of technical assistance in
coordination, information management and capacity-building as part of
preparedness planning, including contingency planning, for future
disaster events; ii) specific interventions in the provision of technical
assistance in water treatment and quality control, household sanitation,
and community-based hygiene promotion for WASH partners. WASH
partners will ensure that gender, age, disability and environmental
concerns are at the centre of all interventions.
Table One: Summary of Early Recovery Financial Status
Sector
Addressing Vulnerability
Agriculture
Disaster Risk Reduction
Education
Environment
Food Security
Health and Nutrition
Livelihoods
Shelter
Water, Sanitation, Hygiene
TOTAL AMOUNT
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Intervention Cost
1,025,000
26,536,800
1,000,000
7,230,483
6,900,000
51,409,000
4,000,000
21,400,000
32,000,000
16,800,000
168,301,283
Funds Already Received
900,000
6,550,000
0
7,230,483
75,000
38,569,641
2,230,000
0
10,317,108
16,700,000
82,572,232
Funding Gap
125,000
19,986,800
1,000,000
0
6,825,000
12,839,359
1,770,000
21,400,000
21,682,892
100,000
85,729,051
The United Nations and Cyclone Sidr Relief Operations
The cyclone
Preparedness
On the evening of 15 November 2007, Category-4 super cyclone "Sidr"
hit the coast of Southwest Bangladesh at 18:00 local time, with winds up
to 240 km per hour. The cyclone continued northward, hitting the
capital city of Dhaka at 3:00am. Tidal waves up to 5 meters high hit the
mainland, destroying many protective embankments, houses and
infrastructure. Almost 9 million people in 30 southern districts were
affected by the cyclonic storm. To date the Government of Bangladesh
reports a death toll of 3,406 people, with a further 871 missing.1
The UN system in Bangladesh was prepared for the cyclone. In advance
of its landfall the UN system with its partners prepositioned relief items,
such as shelter materials, high energy biscuits, medicine and other nonfood items. The UN system activated its network of NGOs, intensified
monitoring of the cyclone as it approached, and assisted with the
evacuation of the at-risk population. A network of people was ready to
give information on the cyclone’s destruction. Rescue, medical and relief
teams were put on standby with the support of the UN. Close contact
was maintained with local officials. In Dhaka, the UN system helped the
Ministry of Food and Disaster Management organize a pre-cyclone LCGDER2 meeting with partners on 15 November 2007, before the Cyclone
made landfall. During 2007, the UN system had already finalised a joint
exercise to pre-qualify 38 NGOs to serve as implementing partners in
humanitarian responses; they were given training on how to work with
UN agencies, including the financial administration of UN system funds.
This preparation was essential to the United Nations element of Sidr
emergency response.
The total number of houses damaged or destroyed is just over 1.5
million. There was extensive damage to roads (8084 km),
bridges/culverts (1687), protection embankments (1875 km) and public
buildings; for example 2,240 educational institutions were destroyed
and another 11,490 were partially damaged. Electricity and
communications were knocked out. Roads and waterways were
blocked. There was heavy contamination of drinking water sources, in
particular wells and ponds, by salination, debris and leaves, as well as
human corpses and animal carcasses; an estimated three million people
had no access to safe drinking water. Sanitation infrastructure was also
destroyed or damaged, as many as 70% of pit latrines in most damaged
areas. More than 1.5 million acres of crops were damaged or destroyed
whilst more than 500,000 people’s livelihoods were lost or seriously
impaired.
Early UN system response and Resource Mobilisation
The morning after the Cyclone made landfall, UN system staff were on
the ground, starting to deliver relief items and taking stock of the
damage and needs. Heads of UN Agencies met that afternoon and an
1
It should be noted that a similar cyclone in 1991 killed nearly 140,000 people. With
Cyclone Sidr it appears early warning communication and evacuation programmes –
with 3.2 million people evacuated, of which 650,000 sought refuge in storm shelters
- have significantly diminished death tolls.
7 | Page
2
Under the Local Consultative Group (LCG) mechanism, a Disaster and Emergency
Response (DER) subgroup was established to make linkages across Government, UN
agencies, NGOs and donors. WFP acts as secretariat of this group.
initial early assessment was made based on field reports. A UN system
assessment team was dispatched on 17 November and Heads of
Agencies visited the affected area on the 18th. The same day a DER
meeting was organised with humanitarian partners to share information
on the damage and on the national response system.
WFP quickly coordinated logistics with the civil-military authorities and
the Armed Forces began airdropping WFP relief items. Within the first
72 hours the UN system had started delivering food and non-fooditems: 1) WFP had distributed survival biscuits to 327,270 people. 2)
UNICEF had provided 1,100,000 Water Purification Tablets (WPT); 6,000
jerry cans; 2 mobile treatment plants; support funds to the Department
of Public Health Engineering and; 1,914 recreational kits. 3) UNDP
provided 350 MT flattened rice; 70 MT molasses; 400 Water purifying
filters; 240,000 packets of water purification powder; and 18,000 sheets
of tripol.
Support beyond the first 72 hours included:


Food Security: WFP fed and continues to feed 2.2 million of the
most vulnerable people throughout the cyclone-affected area.
Health: Pre-positioning by UNICEF and others of essential drugs,
including WPT, ORS, saline solutions, was undertaken in areas
where disease outbreak appeared possible. WHO distributed water
purification systems, bleaching powder, medications, and life saving
equipment. UNICEF facilitated the restoration of cold chain and
performed a crash vaccination for measles. UNFPA meanwhile
provided Reproductive Health Kits, Delivery Kits and emergency
medicines. WHO also deployed field coordinators to nine districts to
coordinate monitoring and reporting of nine prioritized diseases,
from Acute Respiratory Infections to skin diseases to Typhoid.
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
Emergency Shelter: In the immediate aftermath of the cyclone
UNDP provided emergency shelter to nearly 130,000 households,
650,000 people.

WASH: UNICEF, with its cluster partners, responded with water
trucking and WASH NFIs distribution to cyclone affected water
scarce areas. In addition, massive initiative was supported to
rehabilitate/repair defunct tube-wells and also to install new tubewells. The emergency response met to the needs of most affected
2.5M people spreading over 5 districts.

Education: Immediately after the emergency UNICEF supported the
establishment and running of 46 child friendly spaces, with
materials provided to NGOs for the creation of another 75 such
spaces. These provided psychosocial support for more than 20,000
children in the immediate aftermath of the cyclone.
Nutrition: To prevent further deterioration in the nutritional status
of vulnerable groups (pregnant women, lactating women and
children under 5 years of age) UNICEF complemented WFP rations
with BP5 high protein, high energy biscuits; 92 MT were
immediately distributed to more than 46,000 vulnerable families in
six worst affected districts. In addition the Institute of Public Health
Nutrition (IPHN)/ Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW)
and UNICEF delivered Vitamin A supplements to all children
between 1-5 years of age in seven affected districts.

For relief operations donor countries and agencies generously provided
a total of 42 million USD to the UN system (to the 12th of February
2008.) In addition to that the CERF provided 19.7 million USD whilst an
additional 7 million USD was mobilised by the UN’s own resources.
Coordination and Humanitarian Clusters
LCG-DER meetings were held throughout November and December to
ensure good coordination. Coordination cells were established within
the Ministry of Food and Disaster Management (MoFDM) at the Dhaka
Airport (for incoming relief) and within the Army to coordinate the
response. A website was set up to improve information flows,3 and
regular UN situation reports were published.
It was clear from the start that the Government of Bangladesh would be
the main supplier of relief and had already activated its own
coordination system for disaster response. After consultation with
MoFDM, key UN agencies and the IFRC opted for an unofficial activation
of the cluster system4. Simplified Terms of Reference were drafted with
the support from UN Office of the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
(UNOCHA). Six clusters were formed: 1) Food Security, 2) Early
Recovery, 3) Logistics, 4) WASH, 5) Emergency Shelter, and 6) Health.
Aside from humanitarian clusters, information managers met under
Government leadership with support from WFP.
Up to fifty national and international NGOs joined each of the clusters
and more than 100 local NGOs were involved on the ground in the
cyclone affected area. Each cluster had a Government focal point
assigned. Cluster membership was inclusive - any humanitarian actor
was welcome to join as long as they were participating in relief and
recovery efforts. Key first tasks were the bringing together of all relevant
actors, standardisation of data collection, joint assessments of damages
and needs, tabulation of the ‘Who, What, Where and When’ matrices
and work on early strategies for the sector. Regular heads of clusters
meeting organised by the UN helped ensure integration between the
ongoing efforts.
Government Moves towards Recovery
Toward the end of December, the government announced its own
transition from relief to early recovery. It noted a negative impact from
the continuing relief operations, especially dependency and a delayed
return to livelihood activities. The early recovery cluster began planning
cross cluster assessments. Ten working groups were established in early
January 2008 for this purpose, co-chaired by government. The working
groups included participation from all clusters and broad participation
from the NGO community. On the 7th January, preliminary results were
presented at a national workshop on Early Recovery with more than 150
participants. From this The Ministry of Food and Disaster Management
has finalised an Early Recovery Action Plan with support from the UN
System.5
United Nations work on Post-Sidr Assessments
At one point the United Nations had over 70 staff members from a wide
variety of sectors conducting assessments in the worst affected areas.
These assessments have provided key guidance to government, the UN
and NGOs in the design of relief and early recovery programming as well
to donors in their provision of funding support.
3
http://www.lcgbangladesh.org/derweb/cyclone/index.php/
Since the beginning of 2007 the United Nations through the LCG-DER had already
been in discussion with government and other partners to develop a cluster
approach prior to humanitarian emergencies; cluster leads had already been
identified by both the international community and Government.
4
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5
Note that both humanitarian clusters and the early recovery working group have
now been merged into a single coordination stratum to coordinate early recovery
programming and residual relief needs. These are termed Sidr Transitional Working
Groups. Please contact the UN Resident Coordinator’s Office for more details.
Table 2: Relief and Early Recovery Assessments Undertaken Post-Cyclone
General Assessments
Period
Leading Agency
Geographical Coverage
Rapid Damage
3rd week of Nov
GoB/DMB (DMIC)
All Sidr affected districts
Emergency Response and Action
Plans
Rapid Initial
Early Recovery Needs
Dec 2007
MoFDM
All Sidr affected districts
End Nov 07
Dec 07- Jan 08
UNRC Office
UNDP/ MoFDM
9 districts
6 districts
Sector Specific Assessments
Period
Environmental Rapid
Dec 07
Impact of Sidr on Livelihoods
Agriculture
Rapid Education
Rapid Gender
WASH Residual Needs
Leading Agency
Geographical Coverage
Dec 07
Jan 08
Dec 07
UNDP/ CEGIS/ FD, SPARRSO,
DoE
MoLE & ILO
FAO
Save The Children
3 most affected districts & 2 forest
ranges
Upazilas of 4 most affected districts
Affected districts
9 most affected districts
Dec 07
Mar 08
Care
UNICEF
4 most affected districts
9 most affected districts
The UN Early Recovery Framework: Supporting Transition from Relief
to Recovery
Designed to be implemented by the end of 2008 the purpose of the
United Nations Early Recovery Framework is to assist in bridging the
transition period from relief to recovery and already limit the impact of
new crises should they occur.6 Experience shows how once the
emergency phase is over the investment in communities drops
considerably. It is essential this does not occur, not only because people
need to be able to live in a dignified manner, with proper housing,
adequate opportunities to provide for their families and decent local
services, but also because there is threat of imminent floods in cycloneaffected areas. Secondly it is imperative that the momentum created by
relief programming is carried forward into rebuilding lives and
communities. It is essential that this opportunity is taken for people to
have cyclone-resistant houses and sources of alternative livelihoods; it is
essential that health and education services are brought up to good
standard.
The Framework encompasses a range of activities that will draw upon
the strengths and resilience of both local communities and local
government. The nine sectors covered are 1) Agriculture, 2) Disaster
Risk Reduction, 3) Education, 4) Environment, 5) Food Security and
Nutrition, 6) Health, 7) Livelihoods, 8) Shelter, 9) Water, Sanitation,
Hygiene. At the same time there are synergies and linkages across
sectors. For example health is linked to Water/Sanitation/Hygiene in the
provision of good water to communities, food security and nutrition is
6
Only in one sector will there be significant relief operations undertaken by the
United Nations and that is in Food Security and Nutrition where there is very evident
need to continue food distribution. See sector narrative and matrix for details.
11 | Page
linked to education through the expansion of school-feeding and the
livelihoods is interlinked with shelter through the many incomegenerating opportunities that are generated by large-scale housing
repair and construction.
Key Principles:
The overall strategy of UN interventions within the Early Recovery
Framework is underpinned by the following key principles:
United Nations Work continues to be integrated into Government Plans
and Priorities:
The UN Early Recovery Framework is a distillation of the Government’s
Early Recovery Action Plan – all programmes and projects are developed
in collaboration with government by individual agencies and through
sector coordination. Many projects specifically support both local and
central government’s capacity.
Addressing Vulnerability at the Core of All Programming:
The addressing of vulnerability in all guises underpins the whole of the
UN’s Early Recovery Framework. All sectors have prioritised the most
vulnerable of the Sidr-affected communities. Key principles of
vulnerability have been mainstreamed in programme design in all
sectors whilst special programmes have been developed in areas of
child protection, HIV/AIDS and the landless.
Building Back Better:
Early Recovery programming across all sectors is formulated with a view
to capitalising on the first early opportunities to build better services
and infrastructure than existed before the cyclone, reducing inherent
vulnerability, building opportunities and promoting diversity. Building
back better should not just be thought of as an infrastructure issue but
interpreted in the broadest sense so that the social and economic fabric
of the cyclone-affected areas is rebuilt stronger and better.
Programming is Disaster Resilient:
All programmes within the early recovery Framework are designed to be
resilient to future shocks, especially with the onset of flooding in early
summer. For example the cyclone resistant shelter design models
adopted by the shelter working-group are also resistant to flood
damage. Agricultural support through the provision of inputs is being
planned for both timing and location to avoid the worst impact of
predicted flooding.
Community Partnership and Leadership:
Experience elsewhere demonstrates that effective reconstruction
efforts from natural disasters are characterized by a closely coordinated
multi-sectoral approach that emphasizes systematic consultation with
12 | Page
affected communities as well as close collaboration between
government and non-governmental agencies. The full integration of
communities into reconstruction, including both decision-making and
implementation, is essential for ensuring equity, transparency and
accountability.
Continuing Monitoring, Evaluation, Reporting.
M&E will play a key role in ensuring interventions are meeting their
objectives. All programmes have key indicators for success. In addition
to individual UN agency reports a combined assessment of Early
Recovery progress shall be provided to donors and counterparts on a
regular basis.
Family Shelter – An Issue Not To Be Forgotten:
Family shelter clearly remains a problem in early recovery that has
serious humanitarian concerns. The scale of the damage and
destruction to homes, well beyond that of the Kashmir 2005
earthquake has yet to be fully grasped: the cyclone destroyed or
damaged nearly 1.5 million homes. There is funding for only 58,000
cyclone-resistant houses. Urgent attention must be focused on both the
remaining 200,000 vulnerable families that cannot rebuild for
themselves as well as the one-million plus families that are reportedly
rebuilding by themselves, often with substandard materials and design.
Early Recovery Interventions
Addressing Vulnerability
Cyclone Sidr has hit hard those who are already the most vulnerable,
those who are already marginalized in terms of shelter, livelihoods,
education, health etc, whilst at the same time creating thousands of
newly vulnerable households and individuals, those who have now lost
their homes, their earners and their parents. Vulnerable groups
identified by this framework include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Women, particularly pregnant and postnatal women and widows.
Children and adolescents, particularly orphans.
The elderly.
Disabled people.
Single-headed households, particularly female-headed households.
High risk groups of HIV/AIDS and People Living with HIV/AIDS.
Ethnic and religious minorities.
Landless households.
It is noteworthy that the most vulnerable often belong to more than one
group simultaneously. For example women made widows by Cyclone Sidr
have not only to suffer the trauma of the loss of a partner, they have lost
their main livelihood source, they have lost their main support in
reconstruction of their home, and at the same time they still have to
provide for their families. If a family member is injured or suffers from a
skin disease after cyclone Sidr it is on women, traditionally responsible
for family health needs, the burden falls. If these women are pregnant
or postnatal they have additional burdens and concerns. If these women
are from socially excluded groups it is possible they will have a more
restricted access to relief.
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Strategy: Mainstreaming Vulnerability and Specific Vulnerability
Programmes
Within this Early Recovery Framework the United Nations is
systematically targeting those who are most vulnerable after the
cyclone. In order to better plan and programme an adequate response,
this framework approaches the identified vulnerable groups in three
different ways. Firstly, key principles of mainstreaming have been
adopted and programmed throughout each of the other nine sectors:
 Vulnerable groups are prioritised in terms of service provision.
 Vulnerable groups are represented in any decision-making body.
 Sectors should seek out opportunities to socially and economically
empower vulnerable groups
 Vulnerable groups to be provided with adequate, gender-sensitive
protection.
 Data to be disaggregated by as many vulnerable groups as possible.
Secondly, it is understood that some areas of vulnerability need special
measures beyond the mainstreaming of key principles. Thus, within the
programmatic interventions for vulnerability the framework includes
specific programming for Child Protection as well HIV/AIDS. Landless
households are included under the shelter sector.
Thirdly, in keeping in view the overall focus on the vulnerable groups, the
UN Early Recovery Framework envisages appropriate intervention
strategies to reach them. These will include the following:
1) Direct interventions through community-based organizations, NGOs
working at the community level, and local government bodies and
institutions in the selection process of the target groups as well as
subsequent programme implementation;
2) Cross-sectoral co-ordination through consultation mechanisms and
regular information sharing among agencies and partners;
3) Systematic collection of baseline information and regular monitoring
and follow-up to ensure interventions reach intended target groups;
4) Capacity development of stakeholders to enable them to cope with
similar disasters including capacity for disaster risk reduction.
Results Framework: Vulnerability
Objectives
1) Enhance the care and
protection of children
orphaned and otherwise
made vulnerable by
Cyclone Sidr
Strategic Interventions




2) Improve government
& strategic partner’s
capacity to respond to
child protection needs in
emergencies



3) Ensure supply of basic
prevention methods
(condoms, safe blood)
and nutrition to
especially vulnerable
women: sex-workers
and HIV positive.




Indicators
Promote family and community based care for
children orphaned by the cyclone
Improve Orphan and Vulnerable children’s
access to services through provision of
conditional cash transfer
Establish referral mechanism to ensure orphan,
vulnerable children and carers have access to
basic services & livelihood opportunities.
Special care will be taken to ensure young
females are not sexually abused or driven to
prostitution due to poverty or trafficking.
Development of training kit on child protection
in emergencies
Training of government staff and NGO partners
to effectively respond to child protection needs
in emergencies
Mainstream child protection in the training for
Disaster Management Committee
Condoms distributed in basic safety kits.
Safe blood (tested for 5 diseases as per
Government policy) to be provided.
Nutritious food provided to most vulnerable
women: sex-workers and PLHIV
Basic Information Campaign on HIV/AIDS to
those most at risk
TOTAL
14 | Page










Proportion of orphaned children cared
for in family environment
Number of orphan and vulnerable
children who have access to cash
transfer program
Number of children who benefited
from basic services and livelihood
opportunities through referral system
Number of training kits produced and
distributed
Number of NGOs and GoB staff trained
in child protection in emergencies
Child protection orientation module
produced and incorporated in DMC
Training manual
Condoms available in brothels.
Safe blood available in Khulna/Barisal
for PLHIV and in Puakhali/Baniashanta
brothels for sex-workers.
Most vulnerable women provided with
fortified biscuits.
Number of most-at-risk sensitized as to
the risks of HIV/AIDS
Project Title
Project
Budget
(USD)
Amount
Funded
(USD)
Emergency
education and
child
protection
response
(UNICEF)
400,000
400,000
SIDA
500,000
500,000
SIDA
125,000
1,025,000
unfunded
900,000
Emergency
education and
child
protection
response
(UNICEF)
HIV/AIDS Sidr
Disaster
Support
(UNAIDS)
Agriculture
Situation
The full impact of cyclone Sidr on agriculture, livestock, fisheries
(including aquaculture enclosures) and forestry, and thus on the food
security and livelihoods of the rural poor, is still under detailed
assessment. Preliminary data from the Disaster Emergency Response
(DER) group and the Ministry of Food and Disaster Management
(MoFDM) indicated 1,378,301 acres (551 320 ha) of standing rice crops
were partially damaged and 231,531 acres (92 612 ha) were totally
devastated. In the cyclone affected districts, the ability of poor
households to plant during the Aman rice season is seriously hindered.
Other major damages to field crops include Boro rice seed beds, pulses,
vegetable garden, banana, tobacco, beetle leaf, and fruit trees.
In the livestock sector, over 465 000 livestock are confirmed killed,
including small and large ruminants and poultry, which represents a huge
loss of critical household assets. Serious damages have also been
observed in the fisheries sector: in Morelganj and Sharankhola Upazilas,
the second largest shrimp producing area of the country, some 5,000
shrimp enclosures were destroyed. In Bagerhat District some 90% of the
shrimp enclosures along the Baleshwar River were destroyed and flushed
by a 5 feet high tidal wave.
households. Through this assistance, food availability in will be increased
and will reduce the need for protracted and much higher-cost life-saving
assistance, in particular, food-aid assistance. Interventions aim:



To support an immediate resumption of farming and restoration of
agriculture based livelihoods through the provision of essential
inputs (vegetable and field crop seeds, tools provision to farmers
clubs, livestock restocking and feed supply) the resumption of fishing
through the provision of fishing gears, boats and nets, fingerlings
provision, shrimp supply to aquaculture farmers etc.
To reduce the threat and spread of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in
order to safeguard livestock assets of vulnerable farmers in the
flood-affected Upazilas through vaccination against FMD.
In total the FAO program approach aims to target nearly 1.7 million
households.
Each project as presented in the Matrix represent a unit module for
implementation and each of these projects may be replicated or
enlarged to cover wider areas and districts at different locations affected
by the cyclone based on funding received.
Implementation Arrangements
Strategy
For the cyclone-affected areas, interventions are planned to respond to
most urgent needs, providing immediate assistance for the resumption
of agricultural, livestock, fishing and forestry dependent livelihoods in
the worst affected districts and to the poorest and most food insecure
15 | Page
FAO is in regular discussion with line Ministries of Agriculture, Fisheries
and Livestock, and the Forestry Department (FD) on strategies and
specifications for respective species and varieties utilized in all its
programming. Work is underway to bring national and international
NGOs together with the United Nations to tackle this huge task.
Results Framework: Agriculture
Objectives
1) To rapidly rebuild the
livelihoods of 20,000 worst
affected households (10,000
people) through immediate
restoration of agricultural
production and fisheries
activities, thereby reducing the
needed for protracted life-saving
assistance
2) To rapidly rebuild the
livelihoods of 40,000 worst
affected food-insecure
households, 5000 fisher folks and
2000 women headed households
provided with vegetable seeds for
backyard gardening
Strategic Interventions









3) To support the immediate
resumption of farming activities
and restoration of the agriculture
based livelihoods through
provision of essential agricultural
inputs (vegetable and field crops
seeds).
16 | Page




Assessment of agriculture, fisheries and
aquaculture to obtain needs based on
preliminary data and prepare work
details and activities plan;
Procure and distribute quality vegetables
and field crop seeds, livestock needs,
fishing nets and other supplies
Identification and targeting of 20,000 HH
in worst affected areas;
Assessment of needs for next cropping
season, identification of appropriate
supplies and standard kits
Identification, targeting of 40,000 worst
affected food insecure HH
Identification of 5000 fisher folks/
provision of fishing gears and supplies
Identification of 2000 women headed
HH, restocking of farm animals
Selection of implementing partners for
input distribution
Procurement of inputs, about 90 mts of
vegetable seeds, 360 mts of field crops
and assorted fishing gears
Procure inputs (field crop seeds and
vegetable seeds) locally
Select implementing NGO partners and
develop relationship with DAEs for the
identification of beneficiaries
Distribute the inputs to beneficiaries
Monitor project activities and provide
advice to beneficiaries for improved
cropping system
Indicators







Rapid resumption of farming
and fishing activities in three
worst affected districts
Over 3,000 fishing nets and
gears delivered to fisher folks
103 mts of vegetable and
457 mts field crop seeds
delivered to HH in 3 districts
Bagerhat Pathuakhali,
Pirojpur,
Resumption of fishing by
about 5,000 fisher folks
Vegetable gardening by
about 2,000 vulnerable
women
Cultivation of rice lands in
the worst affected areas by
about 40,000 households
Resumption of vegetable
gardening by the landless
farmers and female headed
households in the worst
cyclone affected areas
Project Title
Project
Budget
(USD)
Amount
Funded
(USD)
1,000,000
1,000,000
CERF
2,000,000
2,000,000
Belgium
1,750,000
1,750,000
Swiss
Emergency
Agriculture
Response to
Cyclone affected
farmers and fishing
communities
Emergency
response to cyclone
Sidr affected
farmers and fisher
folks in the worst
affected districts of
South-West
Bangladesh
Emergency
response and early
recovery for flood
and cyclone
affected farmers in
Bangladesh.
4) To support immediate
resumption of farming activities
and restoration of agriculture
based livelihoods through
provision of essential agricultural
inputs (Aman Seed & fertilizer);


5) Vaccination: To reduce threat
and spread of Foot and Mouth
Disease to safeguard livestock
assets of vulnerable farmers
6) To provide vulnerable farmers
with appropriate low cost storage
facility to enhance good grain and
seed storage within the HH
7) To provide rehabilitation
support to agro-processors to
enable them continue their
services and create jobs in the
community in which they operate
8) To support resumption of
farming activities and restoration
of agriculture based livelihoods
based on Fruit Crops
9) To support farmers whose
Banana orchard have been
seriously damaged with suitable
high yielding Banana suckers to
replace damaged
10) To support immediate
resumption of farming and
restoration of agriculture based
livelihoods through provision of
17 | Page









139,559 most affected/food insecure HH
who are dependent on Aman Rice
production activities as the key
livelihoods, beneficiaries will be selected
from districts of Patuakhali, Barguna and
Bagerhat.
The project will also assist those HH who
are dependent on livestock for household
nutrition with vaccination against FMD to
reduce the threat to their animal assets



Provide training to about 100 local
tinsmiths on the fabrication of small
hermetic metal silos for household grain
storage
Fabricate about 30,000 units of the silos
and distribute to local farmers
Provide support to about 20 agroprocessors with rehabilitation of their
facilities to enhance value adding to
products in the project area

Provide 300,000 fruit tree seedlings to
10,391 HH
Provide 500,000 Banana suckers to about
10,000 HH
Provide Materials support worth
$400,000 to 20,000 HH growing Beetle
leaves
Provide 4 types of vegetable seed to each
of 136,411 HH to be grown on about 0.13
ha each

Provision of emergency 1,056 mts Aman
Rice Seed with essential fertilizer supplies
to 211,398 HH
Provision of 118,169 kg of Grass pea







About 18,143 ha of Aman
Rice land will be cultivated
Each quantity of Aman Rice
crop seed sufficient to plant
1 bigha of land or 0.13 ha
230,000 Cattle suffering from
FMD would be vaccinated
and about 200,000 cattle
from groups will be provided
with preventive doses of
vaccines against FMD
Emergency
response to
Cyclone Sidr and
Flood affected
farmers through
agricultural input
supply and Footand-Mouth Disease
vaccination for
livestock
Trained minimum 100 local
tinsmiths on technology of
fabricating small metallic
silos
Fabricated minimum 30,000
units of small metallic silos
and distributed them to
farmers
Rehabilitated minimum 20
agro-processing facilities
Emergency
response to
Vulnerable Groups
in household Grain
Storage and Agro
processing Facility
Rehabilitation
300, 000 fruit trees grown
around homesteads
500,000 units of Banana recultivated
20,000 HH growing Beetle
leaves back into production
136,411 HH cultivate at least
4 types of vegetable per year
totalling 70,934 ha of
vegetable crops
Emergency
horticultural crops
rehabilitation for
cyclone Sidr
affected farmers in
south west
Bangladesh.
About 42,240 ha planted to
Amon Rice
About 3,376 ha of farmland
planted to Grass peas
Emergency
agriculture
assistance to
cyclone Sidr
1,800,000
1,800,000
DFID
1,990,000
Unfunded
1,635,118
Unfunded
3,987,432
Unfunded
essential agricultural inputs
11) To distribute pulses and bean
seeds for nutrition balance of
affected HH

seeds (Khasari) to 118,169 HH
Provision of 93,229 kg of Mungbean
seeds to about 93,229 HH

(Khasari)
About 2,664 ha of farmland
grown to Mungbean seeds
affected farmers in
south west
Bangladesh.
150 ICM Clubs reorganized,
registered and empowered
to guarantee sustainability
ICM Clubs will be provided
with own equipments for
better and improved farm
operations and better yield
About 20 ICM Clubs provided
with warehouse for storage,
inputs procurement and
marketing of farm produce
Prepared guidelines for
Government, donors and
NGOs for interventions for
rehabilitation of small-scale
capture fisheries
300 small-scale fishing
vessels with improved design
and selective fishing gear
distributed to 5 districts
Emergency support
to Integrated Crop
Management (ICM)
Club farmers in the
worst cyclone
affected districts of
South-West
Bangladesh.
Rehabilitation of
small-scale shrimp
and fish farming
Emergency
Livestock feed
provision for the
vulnerable farming
families in the flood
12) To distribute “grass pea”
seeds for Aman intercropping
13) To rapidly rebuild livelihoods,
dignity and food security of the
Integrated Crop Management
(ICM) Club members in the worst
cyclone affected farming areas.
Some of these farmers had their
equipments and farm tools
damaged during the cyclone,
while some lost their farming
tools to the floods that
accompanied the cyclone Sidr.
14) Restoration of livelihoods for
300 groups of fishers and HH
15) Guidelines for technical
interventions for rehabilitation of
small-scale capture fisheries
sector for Govt, donors and NGOs








16) Improved knowledge base on
fisheries
17) To contribute to restoration
of livelihoods for 35,000 fish and
shrimp farmers
18) To rapidly rebuild livelihoods
of 25,000 worst affected HH
(125,000 people) supplying
emergency livestock feed to
protect existing stock from
18 | Page



To provide training and enhance ability of
150 ICM Club members to resume
farming and restoration of agriculture
based livelihoods
To ensure ICM Clubs are registered with
government and have functional
operating structures
To provide clubs with equipment and
tools to enhance ability to farm.
To provide Upazila level ICM warehouse
as marketing/input procurement centre
Design and supply of small-scale fishing
vessels with increased mobility and
improved safety
Supply of selective fishing gear
Survey of fisheries in coastal districts of
Bangladesh
Survey of floating families, formulation of
guidelines

Supply of aquaculture inputs (seed, feed,
fertilizer and lime) for 24500 carp, 5250
bagda and 5250 galda farmers.
Identify and take stock of the existing
condition of poorer segment of the
people who lost livestock
Assessment of the needs of livestock
feeds of relatively poorer people based

Resumption of production in
fish ponds and shrimp ghers

Rapid resumption of
livestock rearing in worst
affected districts
5,000 MT of livestock feed
delivered to landless and





1,813,000
Unfunded
3,241,000
Unfunded
2,620,250
Unfunded
1,900,000
Unfunded
Restoration of
livelihoods for
small-scale fishing
households in
cyclone affected
areas
malnourishment, and thus
facilitate ensured income
19) To rapidly rebuild livelihoods
of 61,000 worst affected
households (305,000 people)
through immediate restocking of
goats, sheep, and buffaloes
thereby reducing the need for
protracted life-saving assistance.



on preliminary data and prepare work
details and activities
Assessment of needs in livestock sector;
prepare work detail and activities plan
Procure/distribute 50,000 goats, 10,000
sheep, 1,000 buffaloes to 60,000 female
& 1,000 male beneficiaries
Training to restart improved livestock
rearing & earn regular income
TOTAL
19 | Page


resource poor 25,000 HH in
the targeted districts
Rapid resumption of
livestock rearing in worst
affected districts (avoiding AI
for the time being)
50,000 1 year old goats,
10,000 1 year old sheep, and
1,000 2 years old buffaloes
delivered to worst affected
landless and resource poor.
affected areas.
Emergency
Livestock
Restocking
Programme in
Cyclone affected
areas for
vulnerable families.
2,800,000
26,536,800
Unfunded
6,550,000
Disaster Risk Reduction
Situation
Bangladesh is a high-risk country to recurrent natural disaster, with a
large proposition of its population having experienced multiple
devastations. Almost 200 disasters have occurred since independence in
1971, causing more than 500,000 deaths. Bangladesh endures cyclones,
storm surges, tornadoes, earthquakes, epidemics, floods and droughts.
Floods have been by far the most widespread, prolonged and damaging
although tropical cyclones have caused the greatest loss of life.
Cyclone Sidr has highlighted that whilst much has been done in Disaster
Risk Management (DRM) and that during the crisis relief operations
were undertaken with minimal local capacity, there remains much more
to be done. There remain significant gaps in the ability of local
government to mitigate and manage the effects of disasters and to
mainstream disaster risk reduction (DRR) into response and recovery.
There is an apparent lack of coordination, manpower and functional
capacity. There have been misunderstandings of roles and
accountability. During the emergency a number of Union and Upazila
Disaster Management Committees (DMCs) were overwhelmed. Due to
inadequate manpower and a lack of functional capacity, some Union
DMCs operated haphazardly, reducing their ability to coordinate and
manage key activities.
recovery planning, coordination and governance best practice. Secondly
these authorities need the tools to identify and mainstream early
recovery and risk reduction strategies, with a particular focus on gender
and social exclusion.
To ensure that DRR principles are incorporated into all early recovery
activities, particular focus is needed in building the capacity of local
administration to manage, monitor and evaluate interventions in their
communities, and also on local communities own ability to respond to
disasters and their affects. This community approach is designed to
ensure local ownership and management. The following principles are
central to mainstreaming disaster risk reduction interventions:





Strategy
In this respect, there is a real need, at Union and Upazila level (which
have a mandate to support and guide all programming at a local level,
whether government or external) to provide immediate support in
20 | Page
All activities regarding disaster preparedness, emergency response,
recovery and rehabilitation carried out through proper planning
involving the local DMCs.
The promotion of accountability at the local level through working
with DMC’s on their role in overseeing recovery and rehabilitation.
Proper distribution and transparency ensured and communicated to
benefiting communities, including detailed publication of resources
and funding (domestic and external).
Community volunteer teams should be formed to face the pre,
during and post disaster situation at the local level.
Short-term Training and Awareness programmes in Government’s
disaster management approach to be urgently provided.
UNDP’s programme is to target key parts of these principles, providing
for a series of inter-connected components designed to reduce risk in
the early recovery phase. The programme, which will work closely with
the CDMP Community Risk Assessment and Action-Planning, will cover
nine worst affected districts. Interventions will include training events
for local government officials (including police, fire service, night guards
etc.) and civil society members to develop their capacity in early
recovery programmes, provide youth with training on first aid, needs
assessment, monitoring, light search and rescue, the provision of first
aid kit boxes for youth volunteers, local government offices, schools, UP
offices etc, and the development of disaster contingency plans.
Implementation Arrangements
Parishads jointly for a transparent and accountable programme. It will
be coordinated at various levels in order to ensure activities
complement national response. National coordination will be shared
with the MoFDM while at district level activities will be coordinated by
the field administration. At local level, partner NGOs will involve
members of the DMCs in targeting beneficiaries, monitoring and
implementation. The programme will be inter-connected with the
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme’s (CDMP’s): it will use
both CDMP’s and UNDP’s own networks for mobilizing voluntary
assistance and monitoring.
UNDP will take a community-based approach to implementing shelter
interventions. It will work through its network of NGOs, CBOs and Union
Results Framework – Disaster Risk Reduction
Objectives
1) To provide
support to local
level
administrations in
nine worst affected
districts with
disaster risk
reduction
interventions.
Strategic Interventions








21 | Page
Facilitation of prioritization workshops at a national and
local level
Mobilizing and providing training to youth groups on
emergency response
Providing first aid training to youth and community groups,
provide training to masons and semi-skilled
Conducting orientation to local government personnel on
recovery
Support to local authority coordination with an emphasis on
basic service delivery
Providing support to non-state actors, community
organizations, CSOs and NGOs for recovery works
Support the establishment of monitoring and evaluation
system for early recovery activities (with support of CDMP),
Undertaking lesson learnt workshops in management of
post-disaster recovery projects at local level.
TOTAL
Indicators

Number of subdistricts supported
with disaster risk
reduction
interventions to
assist them
manage the early
recovery phase
and to prepare for
future disaster
events.
Project Title
Project
Budget
(USD)
Amount
Funded
(USD)
Support to local
capacity
building for
recovery and
risk reduction
(UNDP)
1,000,000
1,000,000
Unfunded
0
Education
Situation
Strategy
The recent cyclone Sidr severely affected the education sector. An
estimated 2,240 school/college buildings were totally destroyed and
11,490 partially damaged in 22 districts. An assessment of 9 of the worst
affected districts indicated that 77% of 10,852 educational institutions
were affected of which an estimate of 1,917 schools were totally
damaged, and 6,450 schools were partially damaged. Affected children
were estimated at 1.25 million (49% girls).
The activities to be undertaken in the early recovery phase will be done
in a collaborative effort between UNICEF, UNESCO, the Directorate of
Primary Education, MOPME, the Primary Education Development
Programme (PEDP II) donor consortium and NGOs. Through its partners,
UNICEF will focus on the rehabilitation/ and reconstruction of the
damaged schools. Emphasis will also be placed on community
participation through the involvement of School Management
Committees (SMCs). In an effort to build back better a cross sectoral
approach will be utilized to ensure that children especially girls have
access to quality primary education in a healthy and protective
environment. As a consequence issues such as water, sanitation,
hygiene, psychosocial support and teaching/learning materials will be
addressed. WFP has initiated an Emergency School feeding programme,
which contributes to sustaining school attendance in the affected areas,
as well as preventing surge in malnutrition rates.
The response of the education sector has been largely successful. While
the GoB education institutions, UN, NGOs and communities launched
immediate response to restore affected children’s access to schooling
and to re-instate a sense of normalcy in their lives they are still faced
with challenges in meeting the physical infrastructural needs and the
emotional well being of the children.
Addressing these challenges will require support for reconstructing GPS,
NGPS, NGO and community schools and where necessary the
construction of transitional schools to provide continuous schooling
while reconstruction of permanent schools is in progress. Although the
government has already provided textbooks, essential teaching and
learning materials will have to be supplied. There will also be need for
the training of teachers and community members in psycho-social care
and support to enable children to adjust and resume a normal life.
22 | Page
Implementation Arrangements
The activities in the Early Recovery Framework for education will be
coordinated through Disaster Management Bureau (BDM) and
MOPME/DPE. UNICEF will also coordinate with MOPME/MOE and the
Sector Coordination Group for the actual preparation, implementation
and monitoring of individual projects. Programmes in the affected areas
will be implemented under the overall supervision, coordination and
monitoring of the respective district/upazila authorities, implementing
partners and other government and rural development institutions.
Results Framework – Education
Objectives
1) Improved access
to quality primary
and pre-primary
education in
government and nongovernment
supported schools
Strategic Interventions
 Repair and reconstruction of 821
Non Govt and community schools
(including WASH).
 Provide support for construction of
23 transitional schools while
permanent GoB schools/cyclone
shelters are rebuilt.
 Procure and distribute teaching,
learning and classroom materials to
all transitional schools and
rehabilitated GOB and
NGO/Community schools.
 Provide students with a pack of
fortified biscuits (75mg)
2) Improved
knowledge and
access to Life Skills
education: Focus on
Psychosocial Support,
School Health &
Hygiene Education.
3) Improved capacity
for educational
planning &
preparedness for
disasters at national,
district, school levels



Develop teacher-training modules
(which include DRR)
Conduct Training of trainers and
develop the capacity of education
institutions to provide care and
support to children after disasters.
Build Capacity of Education
managers and school management
committees to prepare for and
respond to emergencies as they
affect the education system
Indicators
 No. of non government &
community schools rehabilitated or
rebuilt
 No. of transitional schools
constructed
 % of schools with proper water and
sanitation facilities
 Net primary school enrolment
ration disaggregated by gender
 No. schools receiving UNICEF
learning and teaching materials
 No. of primary school children
receiving daily snack.
 Attendance rate of boys and girls in
functioning primary schools.
 Number of teachers successfully
completing training programme
disaggregated by gender.


TOTAL
7
Number of trainings on DDR held at
national, district and school levels
Number of schools with disaster
preparedness plans
Project Title
 Education Emergency
Response by UNICEF
(through partners’
organisations such as
BRAC, Save the
Children, etc.)
 Emergency School
Feeding (WFP)
 Psychosocial Training
for Teachers and
community members
in affected primary
schools (UNESCO,
UNICEF through Save
the Children, Plan)
 Building Capacity for
DRR (UNESCO, UNICEF
through Save the
Children, Plan)
Project
Budget
(USD)
Amount
Funded
(USD)
6,980,4837
3,280,483
(UNICEF)
3,700,000
(Japan and
USAID)
250,000
7,230,483
250,000
7,230,483
Note that this figure is broken down as follows: $3,280,483 budgeted for objectives one and two (funded by UNICEF own resources) excluding school feeding component of
objective one. $3,700,000 is for the WFP implemented school feeding programme (funded by Japan.)
25 | Page
Environment
Situation
The December 2007 environment assessment undertaken by UNDP with
the participation of the Forestry Department (FD) Ministry of
Environment, the Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information
Services (CEGIS) and the Space Research and Remote Sensing
Organization (SPRRSO) has underscored the anecdotal reports of severe
environmental damage following Cyclone Sidr.
The damage to Sundarbans mangrove swamp, a world heritage site
covering 139,700 hectares, has been severe – part of it took the full
force of the cyclone. Mangrove trees were severely affected and
although only 6% are estimated destroyed more than 20% have suffered
significant damage, uprooting, broken branches, and defoliation. Regrowth rates are affected by carpeting of sand. Affects on wildlife are
not known at this point although it is believed some species may be
critically endangered; local dwellers report dear, wild boars and
monkeys are less visible than usual, perhaps due to death or migration
from affected areas. Meanwhile the FD, charged with protection and
maintenance of the Sundarbans has had its entire infrastructure
destroyed or damaged, offices, staff quarters, check-posts, water vessels
etc. Whilst this level of damage justify the government's decision to
impose a moratorium on the extraction of Sundarban resources, this has
implications on the livelihood of about 300,000 individuals.
Meanwhile outside the Sundarban almost 50% of the green belt trees
were damaged. Roadside/embankment trees such as chambal, rain
trees, eucalyptus and fruit trees were severely affected. Homestead
vegetation has been decimated in many places.
Damaged
embankments have exposed the coastal community to salinity intrusion
and tidal flooding. The absence of properly regulated land zoning and
land use has negatively affected vulnerability.
Strategy
The following programming is therefore recommended to restore and
enhance environmental management and biodiversity: 1)
Comprehensive monitoring and research for the Sundarban; 2) Forest
Department rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure and facilities; 3)
sustainable alternative livelihoods for forest resource users; 4)
comprehensive coastal green belt program; 5) Cyclone/surge resilient
model habitat development outside the forest with sustainable land
zoning; 6) awareness program; 7) expansion and strengthening
protected areas: marine, estuarine and river ecosystems. Specifically for
early recovery, the following first interventions are prioritized:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Implementation Arrangements
UNDP, FAO and UNESCO will work closely with partners in government
and non-government sectors. Key to success will be close collaboration
in programme development and implementation with the FD.
8
26 | Page
Establishment of a comprehensive monitoring system.
Rehabilitation of damaged Forest Department infrastructure.
Awareness and advocacy.
Alternative livelihood provisions for those that use the forest8.
Social forestry outside the Sundarbans
This component is programmatically responded to in Livelihoods, page 48.
Results Framework: Environment
Objectives
1) Forest Department
becomes capable of
monitoring immediate
changes in environment
conditions and can make
plans appropriately.
2) Urgent Restoration of
Basic Forest Department
Capacity
3) Ensuring people are
fully aware of forest
sustainability issues,
especially its fragility at
this time - informing
decision/policy-making.
4) Restoration of local
level resources for
increasing tree coverage
beyond the Sundarbans.
Strategic Interventions
Updating and development of
biodiversity database.
 Strengthen Resources Information
Management Systems (RIMS) of FD
 Monitoring of ecological changes
 Training on data/sample collection,
application of GIS/RS/GPS, interpretation
 Rehabilitation of infrastructure: Identify
appropriate designs for houses, offices,
petrol ports, jetties
 Procurement of equipment such as
boats, radio-communication, cell phone,
solar power system, mobile GIS
Series of inter-related Awareness
Interventions
 Community awareness raised on the
significance of forest biodiversity
 Sustainable use of forest resources
 Ecological significance of forest
 Rehabilitation and development of treenurseries
 Tree plantation on a community level

TOTAL
27 | Page









Indicators
FD Coastal Database Updated
enabling its effective use.
FD RIMS equipped with basic
hardware, software and skilled
human resources
Number of FD staff fully
trained in data collection
Number of damaged facilities
and petrol posts rehabilitated
Number of FD officials fully
equipped to carry out
surveillance and management
duties
Informed decision-making
processes facilitated at local
and central level
Communities and authorities
abstain from further damaging
delicate forest environment
Number of nurseries
rehabilitated or created
Number of communities
involved in tree-planting and
number of trees planting.
Project Title
Establish an effective
database and M&E
system at the Forest
Department
Project
Budget
(USD)
Amount
Funded
(USD)
1,000,000
Unfunded
3,800,000
75,000
(UNESCO)
100,000
Unfunded
2,000,000
6,900,000
Unfunded
75,000
Rehabilitation of FD
infrastructures and
facilities
Awareness raising
campaign for
environment
protection and
sustainable forestry
Development of
Social Forestry
Resources
Food Security & Nutrition
Situation
Findings from WFP and Partners December 2007 Food Security
Assessment estimate the size of the most food insecure and worst
affected population as just under 2.2 million people within 12 districts
assessed. Within the nine worst affected districts, where WFP and NGO
partners are currently providing assistance, the corresponding estimate
was just under 1.8 million people.
Food availability is a problem and could become larger before the next
harvest comes on the market in May. Rice production losses associated
with the 2007 Monsoon floods are estimated to be as much as 850,000
mts whilst losses from Cyclone Sidr could be as much as 1.3 million mts.
Meanwhile food was identified as very high priority by all communities
with 95% identifying it as amongst the three most urgent needs. Many
families now frequently compromise food consumption by relying on
cheaper and less preferred food, reducing portion sizes and the number
of meals consumed in a day. Other severe coping strategies such as
selling labour in advance and migration of household members are
being practiced by a significant percentage of the sampled population.
Whilst food is generally available in cyclone-affected markets food
commodity prices have risen to levels seen throughout the country. The
most dramatic increases were seen for wheat flour (11%) lentils (11%)
and rice (imported 10%, local 8%).
Child Malnutrition: There is a known and established relationship
between malnutrition rates and high food prices. As prices rise, poor
households reduce their consumption of more nutrient rich food items,
like vegetables, fruits, pulses, etc. With less of these in the diet,
consumption related malnutrition worsens. The household survey
28 | Page
component of the WFP assessment included a malnutrition survey in
children under five. Of 219 children measured only 6.8% were seen as
moderately malnourished. A similar survey conducted by UNICEF with
1,602 children showed that 8.6% were moderately malnourished, below
the 10% emergency threshold.
Despite these seemingly optimistic results seasonal patterns in child
wasting reveal a very real concern; in Bangladesh malnutrition rates
typically reach peak levels during May-June. Conversely, rates are lowest
during the December-January (the time of the survey). There is a real
need to monitor the situation carefully and periodically as we approach
May-June 2008.
These worrying child malnutrition figures are no doubt affected by the
drop in breastfeeding, attributed to lack of food, lack of confidence and
stress. Also, some agencies have been providing breast milk substitute
indiscriminately despite a combined UN/Government attempt to
prevent such distribution. Too early/late introduction of complementary
foods, low quality/quantity of these foods, inappropriate feeding
methods as well as infrequent feeding are recorded, all contributing to
poor child survival and development; activities are needed to support
the community in infant and young child feeding activities.
Maternal malnutrition is also of concern. Micronutrient deficiency with
mothers remains a major public health problem despite
supplementation and food fortification efforts by Government and
development partners. In Sidr affected areas many mothers became
pregnant whilst malnourished and this in turn has an impact on the
intrauterine development and pregnancy outcome. While food
insecurity and poverty are the underlying and basic causes of maternal
malnutrition, interventions supporting maternal nutrition (vitamin A
supplement, iron and folic acid) in cyclone affected areas are minimal.
Summary: Numerous factors, the scale of damage to livelihood, food
insecurity coupled with other concerns such as rising food prices,
concern over malnutrition rates within a community already low in
nutrition, and a challenging food import environment, all point to the
need for a continuing and strong relief response. Such assistance can
help to secure the food needs of many of the worst affected and most
food insecure families in the cyclone affected area, and as such can
prevent suffering associated with hunger, malnutrition, and the further
deterioration of livelihoods.
Strategy
UN relief interventions will include the continuation of WFP of food
distributions through NGO partners (SCF-US, CARE, World Vision
International, Proshika, Islamic Relief, Shushilan). WFP Early Recovery
operations will focus on rebuilding of livelihoods through food-for-work
and continued assistance to children and attending functioning primary
schools9. Early recovery will also include assistance for shelter
reconstruction, rehabilitation of roads, embankments, small bridges and
culverts, tree planting and repair of schools.
In addition, WFP, UNICEF and implementing partners are working
closely on nutrition intervention. Micro-Nutrient Powder (MNP), which
is added to an individual’s meal before consumption, will be distributed
to 150,000 children and 70,000 pregnant and lactating women.
Additionally, given the increased needs of these groups, a Blanket
Supplementary Feeding Programme (BSP) will commence from March
9
See Education Framework for details of the School Feeding Project.
29 | Page
until August 2008. As the cyclone has lead to the disruption of infant
and young child feeding practice, UNICEF in collaboration with the
Bangladesh Breastfeeding Foundation and other partners, will continue
awareness activities to promote improved breastfeeding. Finally a
follow up survey on the current nutritional problem will be undertaken
in the next few months to ensure the current scale of the problem is
clearly identified and adequate strategies for intervention made.
Implementation Arrangements
WFP, UNICEF and NGO partners’ relief and early recovery activities will
target 1.8 million people in nine severely affected districts.
Pre-qualified NGO partners are carrying out food distribution.
Distribution plans are shared with MoFDM (as well as the LCG-DER) to
ensure coordination. NGOs and local government officials select
beneficiaries, closely monitored by UN staff. Beneficiary families with no
members capable of participating in food-for-work schemes will receive
standard food rations. Food commodities are delivered to NGO stores at
district level. Distribution is organized in consultation with district and
sub-district level authorities.
The Early Recovery assistance will require limited construction materials
like small quantities of gabion wires and cement to strengthen
durability.
Training in Sphere Minimum Standards with emphasis on nutrition will
be undertaken targeting the 38 UN approved implementing partners
and other international NGOs and government partners.
Results Framework: Food Security & Nutrition
Objectives
1) To ensure adequate food
security addressing food
availability, access and
utilisation and to promote
an active and healthy life for
cyclone victims. This should
be done through both relief
and early recovery
interventions in a manner
that supports livelihoods
and medium to long-term
disaster risk reduction.
2) To improve the
nutritional and health status
of pregnant and lactating
women and children aged 659 months
Strategic Interventions



Relief interventions will include
among others the continuation of
WFP Emergency Operations (EMOP)
through NGO partners. (Until end
May 2008)
Early Recovery operations will focus
on rebuilding livelihoods through
food-for-work, assistance for shelter
reconstruction, rehabilitation of
roads, embankments, small bridges
and culverts, tree planting and repair
of schools.
Micro-Nutrient Powder (MNP) will be
distributed to ~ 150, 000 children
aged 6 – 59 months and to ~ 70, 000
pregnant and lactating women.
Indicators





3) To prevent malnutrition
amount children under five,
pregnant and lactating
months
4) Improve Infant and young
child feeding practices and
provide health and nutrition
education including
30 | Page



Procurement of 4900 mts of Blended
Food by February 2008
Transportation and distribution of
BSFP to 141,230 children 6-59 m and
51,603 PLW, through partner NGOs
Printing and distribution of
communication materials on Infant
and Young Child Feeding (IYCF),
instruction guidelines



Percentage of beneficiary
households having at
least three full meals per
day
1.2. Households
consuming a balanced
diet including
carbohydrates, proteins,
fat/oil and vitamins.
Number of MNP sachets
distributed
Coverage of MNP
received and
consumption.
Levels of acceptance,
compliance and proper
storage
Proportion of children 659m that received
Fortified Blended Food
(BSFP)
Proportion of PWL that
received Fortified
Blended Food (BSFP)
Proportion of caregivers
practice exclusive
breastfeeding in postcyclone environment
Project Title
Project
Budget
(USD)
WFP Emergency
Operation (EMOP)
Food Assistance to
Cyclone Affected
Populations of
Southern Bangladesh.
Micro-Nutrient Powder
Program (WFP and
UNICEF)
Amount
Funded (USD)
48,693,000
35,903,641
CERF, AustAid,
USAID,
Netherlands,
Japan,
Germany, the
UK, ECHO (i.e.
major
donations of
1 million USD
or more)
Donations
pending
from DSM,
producer
of MNP;
680,000
Awaiting
donation from
DSM; 680,000
funded by
USAID
$1,900,000
$1,900,000
(UNICEF
thematic
Funds)
$50,000
Unfunded
Supplementary
Feeding programme
Promotion of Infant
and Young Child
Feeding (IYCF)
messages on importance of
breastfeeding and safe
motherhood practice.
5) Ensure nutrition
information is available
from the cyclone affected
population post SIDR
6) To improve emergency
Nutrition response








31 | Page
Support partners in conduction
orientation session on Infant & young
child feeding during emergency
Conduct end line Nutrition Survey
Support the development of Nutrition
Survey Guideline
A Nutrition Coordination Group will
be established
UNICEF will facilitate the
development of a Nutrition Sector
Emergency Preparedness Plan
A emergency nutrition Gap Analysis
undertaken and action plans drawn to
inform Emergency preparedness Plan
Tools for rapid assessment, nutrition
surveys and TFC and SFP guideline will
be developed
A training of partner will be
conducted on Sphere standards
TOTAL






# of Nutritional Survey
Report
Coordination mechanism
EP/R Plan for Nutrition
sector
Report of gap analysis
Number of
tools/guidelines
developed
Number of partners
trained
Emergency Nutrition
Assessment
$36,000
$36,000
(UNICEF
Thematic
Funds)
$50,000
51,409,000
$50,000
(USAID)
38,569,641
Nutrition
Sector/Cluster
Coordination
Health
Table 3: analysis of case incidence and prevalence
Situation
Since the moment Cyclone SIDR struck, multiple relief efforts by the
Health Sector have managed to bring about a delicate stability in the
overall health status of the affected population. This work included the
pre-positioning of a buffer stock of medicine, the deployment of mobile
health teams, quick restoration of the cold chain, a rapid vaccination
campaign for children, provision of reproductive health kits etc.
However there are grave concerns and impacts beyond the relief phase,
and the assessment carried out by MERLIN on behalf of WHO has
supported preliminary information:




Many Upazila Health Complexes along with Union Sub centres
suffered significant damage and a loss of equipment and medical
supplies. Almost all health facilities in the nine severely affected
districts are in need of essential emergency medical equipment to
cope with mass casualty disaster.
There is a particularly concerning lack of community level
awareness of basic health procedures and a lack of an appropriate
referral system both for patients and among health care staff,
especially during crises.
There remains concern for disease outbreaks to happen due to
unavailability of treatment and widespread contamination of water
due to increased salinity, debris and corpses.
As consequence of loss of near family members, people suffered
and continue to suffer from mental trauma.
The table opposite shows the seven highest types of cases reported
from the SIDR affected areas by the government health information
system.
32 | Page
Type of Case Reported
Trauma
Diarrhoea
Respiratory tract infection
Skin disease
Eye infection
Typhoid / enteric fever
Hepatitis
Nov 16 – dec 15,
2007
19,917
7,222
7,089
13,129
4,105
19,548
February 1- 29, 2008
1,684
2,221
2,141
6,929
2,280
8,142
122
147
71,132
23,544
Judging from these above figures supplied by the Directorate General of
Health Services (DGHS), it is clear that there was a surge of both trauma
and 6 prioritized diseases in the month immediately following the
cyclone. However, as time wore on, by the end of February, 2008, both
the disease and trauma incidence had returned to figures comparable to
those of 1 year ago at the same time. As part of WHO’s SIDR activities,
WHO Field Coordinators independently collected disease surveillance
incidence directly from the Civil Surgeon’s office in the 9 most affected
districts. There figures are currently being analyzed but a preliminary
observation would indicate that the initial figures were actually higher.
The cause of this might be under reporting or poor communication. All
the same, the cyclone clearly had a dire impact on the health of the
cyclone victims. (Regarding Hepatitis, the February figure is higher,
because this disease occurs usually after an incubation period and
secondary to worsening hygienic conditions.)
Strategy
In preparing for health aspects of early recovery the most likely scenario
guides intervention planning, namely that the situation is currently
fragile but holding, and that no major natural disaster occurs other than
the seasonal monsoon which will exacerbate the current health
infrastructure and capacity issues. Based on this the United Nations
system (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA) in collaboration with other Health
Working-Group partners, propose that strategic priorities, while tailored
to health issues, correspond to similar priorities in other working-groups
and be integrated within other sectors within the overall UN Early
Recovery Framework. Strategic Priorities of the Health sector include:
 Further stabilization of the Primary Health Care System.
 An in-place coordination system for health issues in mass casualty
disaster.
 With the persistent vast numbers of displaced and homeless, an ever
vigilant surveillance system for disease outbreaks.
 Intensified community awareness of the risks, dangers and outcomes
of disasters with an emphasis on how to respond.
 Provision of reproductive health (RH) care services and support to
the most badly affected areas.
 Improving community level awareness and improving / making more
efficient the referral system.
 The development of tools capable of recording and monitoring
malnutrition levels in Sidr affected areas.
Implementation Arrangements
Based on these priorities, partnerships will be developed with all
relevant capable partners from the NGO community (both international
33 | Page
and national) as well as the government, especially MoHFW. Vulnerable
groups will be prioritized in terms of service provision and referral
procedures will target those communities. Community leaders, Upazila
Health & Family Planning Officers, Health Assistants, and Family Welfare
Visitors will be involved in decision making with communities to
prioritise the provision of health facilities and services. Vulnerable
groups will be represented in any decision making process. All activities
will adhere to Sphere standards on gender protection, accessibility and
privacy for health care.
Results Framework: Health
Objectives
1) Access to PHC at UHC
level increased
Strategic Interventions




2) Capacity of OPDs at
UHC level increased
3) Emergency Equipment.
Gaps filled
4) BLS (Basic Life Support)
at UHC level, and
Community involvement
in “identification” through
awareness programs
5) Increased availability
and quantity of purified
water (in collaboration
with WASH sector)








Outreach community programs
Appropriate referral instruction at
the Union level
Extended hours
Increase healthcare personnel to
Sphere Standards according to
catchment’s population
Assure at least 1 female qualified
health care worker
Identify and supply Equipment. For
essential ER services
Basic video/lecture course in BLS
aimed at health care personnel
Engagement of trained community
personnel to promote community
awareness
More frequent and widespread
testing of ponds
Increase of Pond Sand Filters (PSF)
Increase water purification systems
Maintain and strengthen newborn
child health services
Identify low birth weight babies
provide guidance for mothers on
IYCF
6) Newborn health
services maintained

7) Identification of <5 nonimmunized children

EPI
8) Ensure essential health
services to the affected
populations with special
focus on women &

Provide essential and emergency
drugs to affected areas
Provide financial support for
emergency medical team in two
34 | Page

Indicators

Appropriate utilization rate
for a stable community

Qualified health care
worker to patients
consulted daily ratio.

Placement of equipment

Decrease in morbidity and
mortality, initially at point
of entry (ER), and
ultimately, before arrival at
health care facility

Decrease in water borne
diseases; increased use of
hygienic practices

Early identification and
referral of LBW babies and
treated low birth weight
and malnutrition

Number and % of < 5’s
vaccinated, especially
measles
Percentage of affected
(especially women &
children) have access to
essential health care

Project Title
Project
Budget (USD)
Amount Funded
(USD)
1,800,000
Unfunded
Strengthening the
Post SIDR Primary
Health and
Emergency Care
System (WHO)
Essential Health
Services to Women
and Children
(UNICEF)
children (50,000 patients
for essential drugs)
9) Ensure vaccination of all
under 1 children according
to schedule (target
increase coverage >90%)
10) Measles campaign in 6
severe effected upazilas
(target > 95% children
under 3 received vaccines)
11) Strengthen Capacity of
GOB and NGO officials’
provision of RH care
during and after
emergencies.
12) Availability of CSBAs in
the Sidr areas
13) Availability of RH
commodities





worst affected district

Number of outbreak alerts
responded effectively
Provide support to organize special
crash program to reach the missed
children

Number of missed children
vaccinated
Provide support to conduct special
measles vaccination campaign of <3
yrs children in six upazilas

Provide MISP (Minimum Initial
services Package) training to GOB
and NGO officials

Train FWAs (Family Welfare
Assistants) and FeHAs(Female
Health Assistants) in the Sidr areas
Ensure provision of essential RH
commodities including ECP
(Emergency Contraception Pill)
TOTAL
35 | Page
2,000,000
Crash Programme
for Child
Vaccination
(UNICEF)
Number of under 3 yrs
children received measles
vaccine
Post-Sidr Measles
Campaign (UNICEF)
Relevant service providers
in both Gob and NGO
sector
Capacity
Development for
RH through DGHS
(UNFPA)


2,000,000 CIDA
45,000
45,000 UNICEF
15,000
45,000 UNICEF
20,000
20,000 UNFPA
Number of FWAs, FeHAs
trained.
Capacity
Development for
RH through DGHS
(UNFPA)
60,000
60,000 UNFPA,
DGHS, OGSB
(Obstetric &
Gynaecological
Society of
Bangladesh)
MCWC (Maternal and Child
Welfare Centre), UHFWC
(Union Health and Family
Welfare Centre)
RH Interventions
through DGFP
(UNFPA)
60,000
60,000 UNFPA,
DGFP
4,000,000
2,230,000
Livelihoods10
Situation
The estimated population in 12 cyclone-affected districts assessed by
ILO is 18.7 million in 3.7 million households. Of these, approximately
75% practice some farming, two thirds of households own agricultural
land and more than half of the employed population has an agricultural
sector occupation. Yet farming remains the main source of income for
only 30% of households; a quarter get most income from wage labour
(majority in the agricultural sector), 30% live mainly off small non-farm
businesses and 9% depend on rent, remittances and other sources.
About 10-12 percent of households are headed by a divorced, widowed
or separated woman. Most do not receive support from ex husbands or
other relatives, and have to fend by themselves. With the exception of
older widows, most female household heads must raise and support
several small children. Almost all are landless and work as informal
casual wage workers or street hawkers, for wages below those of male
counterparts. Women labourers can be found in domestic service, brick
and tile manufacturing, textile and garment production in small
enterprises or from their homes, or even pulling rickshaws.
Losses of non-agricultural private assets: Private businesses lost
infrastructure, equipment and inventory, including small retail shops,
small factories (rice mills, saw mills, ice factories, potteries, etc.), trade
shops (blacksmiths, barbers, repair shops, etc), many tricycle vans and
rickshaws, sewing machines, tools held in private homes for the selfemployed, and many other kinds of equipment. The MOLE-ILO
10
Since livelihoods covers both agriculture and non-agriculture sectors, it has been
agreed among the UN agencies that FAO will take the lead on issues related to
agricultural livelihoods and UNDP and ILO will lead the non-agricultural livelihoods
sector. Efforts will be made to create synergies between interventions.
36 | Page
assessment estimated the loss at USD 300 per employed person in the
case of established traders and factories, and USD 100 for self-employed
workers, such as van or rickshaw workers and sewing machine
operators. The estimated value of livelihood assets lost in the cyclone
amounts to some 25 million USD.
Employment losses: 567,000 employed were affected. This includes
189,000 farmers and 4,100 fishermen, forced to seek alternative
employment; 78,000 wage workers in the agricultural sector including
21,000 seasonal harvest workers (mostly marginal farmers with
insufficient land); 160,000 persons engaged in non agricultural
establishments (owners, family help or wage workers); and 134,000 selfemployed. This overall figure corresponds to approximately 436,000
(nearly 14% of all households in the twelve districts), with an average
1.3 persons per household in the labour force. In the four worst affected
districts (Barguna, Patuakhalk, Bagerhat, Pirojpur) there were 325,000
workers affected corresponding approximately to 250,000 households
or 25% of all households in that area.
Livelihood vulnerability: People in affected areas suffer most from high
levels of chronic poverty and widespread vulnerability to natural and
man-made hazards. Within this broader context, the following groups
have the greatest need for external support to recover from the adverse
impacts of Cyclone Sidr on their lives and livelihoods: landless labourers
working in agriculture and fisheries; smaller-scale river and coastal
fishers; small farmers who lost most, or a substantial part, of their amon
rice crop; female headed households (FHH); other socially excluded
groups like indigenous groups, disabled persons, minorities etc. small
scale businessmen (retail shops and small industry).
While these low-income groups have been made for ease of reference,
in reality, many families rely on a variety of sources of income for their
survival. Some fishers also farm, some farmers also fish and many from
both livelihood groups additionally depend on their own production,
wage labour and collection of timber and non-timber forest products.
Credit issues: The major single source of ready money for rural poor is
credit. Many families are already carrying debt; an average may have 3
loans totalling TYK 10,000. The cyclone has negatively impacted people’s
debt, forcing them to take out further loans for immediate survival and
to replace livelihood assets, often on unfavourable conditions. There is
concern about the ability of households to repay, increasing poverty and
vulnerability to future shocks. Emigration is foreseen once the six-month
credit repayment grace period enacted by government is lifted. The
grace, also applicable to new loans, is endangering the capacity of NGOs
and banks to extend loans. Credit is consequently becoming scarce and
people are resorting to private money lenders who charge extremely
high rates. Government policy, intended to ease credit burdens, may
thus be making credit more difficult, scarce and burdensome, especially
for the most vulnerable, poor, marginalised.
Coping strategies: Many poor and vulnerable households show a
considerable degree of resilience; some have initiated self-recovery
based on established coping mechanisms. The strategies widely used
include: borrowing funds, relying on relief distributions and changing
normal diet, reducing frequency and quality of meals, searching for
“wild food” from the forest, using savings to meet basic needs, begging.
Strategy
Recovering the livelihood of 300,000 families would imply the creation
of a relevant number of job opportunities within a short time. A
comprehensive effort will be initiated with authorities, private sector
37 | Page
and civil society to immediately start labour-intensive income
opportunities through cash-for-work schemes, providing equipment,
tools and inputs for affected micro and small businesses, and improving
technical skills of informal market operators. On the other hand, it is
necessary to start developing an enabling environment for micro and
small enterprises to grow in number and scope, and for local markets to
expand and create additional labour demand. This can be done through
both public and private reconstruction works (supported by government
and International Financial Institutions) as well as through proactive
policies with local stakeholders for improving the business environment.
The proposed comprehensive programme will therefore focus on
package of multiple key interrelated components or “entry projects”
viewed to bridge the continuum from immediate livelihood recovery to
longer-term poverty reduction and socio-economic development. These
components are integral to a coherent programme that moves from
recovery to subsequent rehabilitation.
Implementation arrangements
The programme will be implemented progressively initially targeting the
four worst affected districts. Partners include MOFDM, MoLGRD&C,
MOLE and other concerned Ministries, local authorities, employers and
workers organizations, international organizations, NGOs operating in
the areas, and beneficiaries. Coordination and monitoring at local level
will be organized through appropriate local institutional mechanisms.
UN interventions will be implemented by UNDP and ILO with agencies
collaborating on labour-intensive projects whilst in other components
one agency will take the lead. Both will coordinate interventions
through appropriate forums, joining together for backstopping, sharing
of data, and joint planning and monitoring.
Results Framework: Livelihoods
Objectives
1) Early livelihood recovery
of the affected people
through Community Public
Works (Small and medium
scale) and quick impact
projects viz. infrastructure
development.
Strategic Interventions





2) Contribute to the
restoration of livelihoods of
the people affected by Sidr
and capacity development
of the stakeholders.



3) Contribute to the
livelihood diversification of
selected groups through
short-cycle vocational
training and post-training
support to job seekers and
micro entrepreneurs

4) Enhance capacity
development of local

38 | Page


Labour-based infrastructure development
based on participatory community
approach.
Strengthening coordination at local level
through capacity building of local govt,
functionaries, LGED, private contractors,
community leaders etc.
Labour intensive reconstruction
Technical assistance and training in labourintensive reconstruction and rehabilitation
of infrastructure
Community mobilization schemes for
community infrastructure recovery
Labour market information including
identifying opportunities for alternative
jobs;
Strengthening capacity of the employment
service to identify and assess needs of the
affected households and provide
information on alternative jobs
Strengthen capacity of the local govt on
data base viz. baseline
Providing short-cycle and market-oriented
training for selected vulnerable groups.
Maximum utilization of the existing training
resources and trainers (public, private and
NGOs).
Post-training support to target groups
including credit, market support and
information.
Capacity development for data collection,
labour market info, needs assessment for
Indicators








Project Title
No. of jobs created e.g.
no. of person days,
number of trainees etc.
No. of infrastructure
rebuilt., restored & in
use
No. of community
groups mobilized for
recovery works
Infrastructure and
jobs: Restoring
Sustainable
Livelihoods in two
cyclone-affected
districts in
Bangladesh. (ILO)
Community Public
works: Recovery
from Sidr in affected
districts (UNDP)
Standard
methodologies & tools
in use by the national
authorities.
No. of beneficiaries able
to cope with losses and
damages & have made
progress towards
livelihood restoration.
No. of persons trained
& micro-enterprises
restored
No. of persons/micro
enterprises provided
with post-training
support.
Supporting the quick
recovery of
livelihoods of the
most vulnerable
groups affected by
cyclone Sidr. (ILO)
No. of GOB officials,
functionaries of elected
Capacity
development of local
Project
Budget
(USD)
Amount
Funded
(USD)
1,400,000
Unfunded
10,000,000
Unfunded
1,000,000
Unfunded
1,000,000
Unfunded
Promotion of
alternative
livelihoods through
skills training and
enterprise
development
support. (ILO)
government and
stakeholders for 4 districts
to better prepare for future
disasters thus contributing
to reduce the impact on
livelihoods.
5) Assistance to local
enterprise recovery (for
micro and medium
enterprises)





6) Support to targeted
interventions through IGA
for the most affected at
risk.




39 | Page
livelihoods restoration
Training in tools and methodologies
developed by FAO and ILO on post-disaster
livelihoods
Development and adaptation of a manual
on data collection, needs analysis in the
local context.
Cash grant support for tools, machineries
and technology;
Create access to the micro-finance schemes
and coaching
Short cycle business management training
Cash grant for homestead vegetation and
small business development
Support for livestock, poultry, and grocery
shops
Training on micro-finance management
Support to establish links to local market
TOTAL





bodies, NGOs received
training and orientation
Guides and handbooks
developed and are in
use.
institutions and
stakeholders to
manage timely
livelihood recovery in
the event of future
disasters. (ILO)
No. of small and
medium enterprises
reinstated
No. of people employed
by recovered
enterprises
No. of families started
new livelihood activities
independently
No. of women &
marginalized families
have enhanced.
Rebuild better Local
enterprises (UNDP)
1,000,000
Unfunded
5,000,000
Unfunded
2,000,000
21,400,000
Unfunded
-
Recovery of 'families
At Risk' after SIDR:
targeted intervention
in affected districts
(UNDP)
Shelter
Situation:
It is clear that the Government and the humanitarian community are in
agreement that shelter is top priority in the early recovery phase. A
total of 1,470,419 houses were affected by cyclone Sidr. 563,967 were
completely destroyed while 913,447 were damaged. According to the
Joint Damage Loss and Needs Assessment (JDLNA), 50 percent of the
total damage and losses caused by Sidr (BDT 57.9 billion) was in the
housing sector.
HOUSES AFFECTED BY SIDR
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
1,470,419
913,447
563,967
Houses Fully
Damaged
Houses Partially
Damaged
Total House
Affected
It is widely recognized that the emergency phase was successfully
implemented and managed by Government with the support of the
IFRC, UN system and NGO community. Almost all families with
destroyed houses have been provided with emergency shelter.
However, this shelter is not adequate for the mid-term. With the
monsoon expected in June it is vital that immediate more durable
shelter assistance is provided to vulnerable families in order not to have
a recurring humanitarian crisis.
40 | Page
Table 4: Transitional Shelter Gap Analysis in 7 Worst Affected Districts
Barguna
30,327
Barisal
42,154
Bagerat
24,021
Bhola
10,324
Patuakhali
27,539
Pirojpur
34,644
Jhalokhati
35,934
Total
204,923
The table above clearly shows the challenge. It is estimated over
286,000 households require transitional/core shelters. While some
58,000 transitional/core shelters have been programmed, very few have
been delivered, and the need for wide ranging, coordinated and rapidly
implemented programmes is critical. In addition, over 1.1 million
households require awareness raising and training on cyclone and flood
resistant building techniques, otherwise these already vulnerable
households face further risk as they rebuild, often using inappropriate
materials with technically inferior methods. Of 286,000, it is estimated
100,000 households do not have secured land where they can build
their durable shelters. Most of them have lost their entire assets and are
some of the most vulnerable households affected.
Strategy
Key objectives of the UNDP led Shelter Working-Group is to facilitate,
coordinate and assist with meeting the outstanding transitional shelter
gap, and provide technical assistance to the million or so rebuilding
unassisted. UNDP will work with partners to ensure Government-
endorsed common standards and technical guidelines, across various
shelter interventions, are operationalised. Support will be given to
Government by disseminating policies, standards, principles, regulations
and codes to implementing partners. Efforts will be made to ensure
currently programmed bilateral shelter assistance is complemented by
UNDP’s own programming and that of working-group partners. The
working-group will work with appropriate bureaux at MoFDM and local
administrations, through union and upazila level Disaster Management
Committees to ensure that all interventions are targeted to the most
vulnerable families in the worst affected districts.
The sector strategy is to build back better and reduce risk and
vulnerability. Partners follow a set Guiding Principles and adhere to
minimum standards endorsed by the Government. Key aspects include:
 Destroyed houses: built within minimum standards for cyclone and
flood resistance, shelters that allow families the ability to
progressively improve their houses.
 Damaged houses: provision of repair kits with technical assistance.
 Self-recovered families: advocacy and technical assistance
 Landless: Cluster village concept already practiced in Bangladesh
used, enabling landless to access Khaas land, with core shelter,
services, livelihood and tenure security.
 Strategic links with WASH and livelihoods sectors will be made.
UN System Interventions
UNDP and UN-Habitat plan to construct or repair 40,000 shelters
following these principles, each with a latrine and tube well. The core
shelter will incorporate cyclone resistance measures and the most
vulnerable families will be prioritised within the nine worst affected
41 | Page
districts. The programme will identify alternative/affordable building
technologies for reconstruction, identify capacities of local building
material producers and builders, and provide training to local masons
and artisans in cyclone and flood resistant building techniques. This will
benefit other actors involved in shelter interventions, and support the
development of housing policy and a housing reconstruction strategy
that integrates risk reduction at a national level.
UNDP in collaboration with UN HABITAT also propose to establish
Housing Resource Centres. These are a flexible network of professionals
that provide training and information on cyclone and flood resistant
building techniques and help organise communities for shelter
reconstruction. Technical assistance to partner organisations and
individual house owners engaged across the affected districts will be
made available. This includes construction of demonstration
houses/models, dissemination of materials on safer building techniques
and technologies and deployment of mobile training teams. UNDP/UNHABITAT will also provide technical assistance to MoL and MoFDM for
working for landless poor including a pilot programme for 500 families.
Implementation Arrangements
The UN will take a community-based approach to implementing shelter
interventions. It will work through its network of NGOs, CBOs and Union
Parishads to create a participatory community led and owned disasterresilient shelter programme. At the national level shelter programming
will be shared with the MoFDM while at district level activities will be
coordinated by the field administration. At the local level, partner NGOs
will involve members of the Disaster Management Committees in
targeting beneficiaries, monitoring and implementation.
Results Framework: Shelter
Objectives
1) To provide 20,000
households with cyclone
resistance measures for the most
vulnerable families, prioritizing
women-headed households,
households with ‘persons with
disabilities’ and households with
no, or very limited, income
earners.
2) To rebuild resilient
communities by enabling housing
reconstruction with cyclone
resistance techniques
3) To establish a network of
shelter professionals to provide
training on disaster resistant
building techniques, assist social
mobilization activities to help
organise communities for shelter
reconstruction and to provide
technical shelter assistance.
4) To adopt cluster village
approach to the landless and
resettles 500 families in safer site
with tenure security
42 | Page
Strategic Interventions











Reconstruct or repair 40,000 homes.
Vulnerability mapping, mobilisation of
communities, adoption of community
designs for shelter and settlements,
community contracts for housing
reconstruction
Train local masons and artisans in
disaster resistance building
Identify alternative, affordable
building technologies
Identify capacities of local building
material producers and workers
Support the development of housing
policy that integrates risk reduction
Construction of demonstration
houses/models
Dissemination of materials on safer
building techniques and technologies
Deployment of mobile training teams
to provide support to families and
other implementing agencies
Independent monitoring and analysis
of all shelter interventions.
Participatory land identification,
settlements risk analysis, plot
demarcation, synergy with wash and
livelihood, shelter provision, title
deed issues
TOTAL
Indicators













No. of disaster resistant
houses reconstructed
No. of trained local
masons/artisans
Identification and
acceptance of alternative
building technologies
Use of local building
materials
Development of housing
policy that integrates DRR
principles.
25 HRC established, houses
assisted
Coverage of technical
assistance
No. of organizations/HH
engaged
No. of day mobile teams
deployed.
No. of demonstration houses
No. of advisory & technical
materials produced
500 landless families
resettled
Additional 10,000 families
provided technical assistance
Project Title
Project
Budget
(USD)
Amount
Funded
(USD)
Support to
Rebuild Shelters
(House
Reconstruction)
(UNDP)
Rebuilding
shelters and
resilience (UN
Habitat)
28,500,000
10,317,108
(DFID)
2,750,000
Unfunded
750,000
32,000,000
Unfunded
10,317,108
Housing
Resource
Centres (UN
Habitat &
UNDP)
Security for
Landless Poor
(UN-Habitat)
Water, Sanitation, Hygiene
Situation
Water supply and sanitation facilities were severely damaged in cycloneaffected areas, with additional pollution of surface water due to saltwater intrusion, dead animals, and debris. According to DPHE 12,984 of
221,039 water points (all surface and ground water sources) in the
affected area were contaminated and/or suffered infrastructural
damage. 5,982 of 9,289 surface water collection ponds used for drinking
water supply were also damaged or contaminated. This left over 3
million people without access to safe drinking water. In addition, over
70% of pit latrines in the Unions worst affected by the tidal surge
suffered significant damage to their sub-structure and/or rings and
slabs. Household water containers were broken and/or carried away by
floods and high winds. Absence of safe water, sanitary latrines and
cleaning agents has enhanced poor hygiene practices.
fully functional. In these areas, approximately 20-30% of people have
access to working PSFs. This equates to 2,000-4,000 people per PSF
which are designed to be used by 300-500. People have therefore
tended to return to their preference of using cloth-filtered pond water
since low turbidity water is assumed, wrongly, to be free of microbiological, salt, and metallic contamination.
In areas where ground-water is available, safe water supply is reported
by GoB to have been almost completely restored by the Government
(DPHE) tube-well cleaning programme supported by the Response
Community. In most cases, well-cleaning has not been required, with
pumping being found sufficient to clear ingress of salt water.
Strategy
Of the 12,984 affected water sources 10,951 (84%) have been repaired,
with 8,082 (82%) of the 9,289 surface water ponds available for drinking
water supply reported as having being cleaned. 35 mobile water
treatment plants were mobilized through DPHE and NGO resources.
Over 500,000 plastic jerry cans are reported to have been distributed
which meets a major portion of projected need. 6,384,910 Water
Purification Tablets (WPT) and sachet equivalents have been distributed.
This is sufficient to treat approximately 20 million litres of water.
Bleaching powder (19mt) and lime (59mt) for cleaning and disinfection
has also been distributed, along with limited quantities of Alum (17 mts)
for flocculation.
The goal of the WASH sector is to contribute to measurable
improvements in population health in the Sidr-affected area by October
2008 through the efficient, effective, and timely implementation of
‘early recovery’ Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene programmes targeted at
the most vulnerable. Key objectives are to :
Water safety remains of concern in water-scarce areas where PSF (pond
sand filter) and/or household-level treatment of surface water is not

43 | Page




Restore access to safe drinking water to pre-Sidr levels
Improve access to safe drinking and domestic water from surfacewater sources
Restore access to sanitation facilities to pre-Sidr levels
Improve water and sanitation facilities in temporary communal
centres
Enhance personal hygiene standards
Expected outcomes are that 1) Men, women and children in Sidraffected locations have increased access to, and have made optimal use
of, water and sanitation facilities, and have taken action to protect
themselves against threats to public health; 2) No major outbreaks of
WASH-related communicable disease in targeted areas; 3) Reduction in
prevalence of WASH-related communicable diseases
Strategies
To meet these objectives, priority strategies for the period FebruaryOctober 2008 inclusive are therefore to:
 Target the most vulnerable in the affected areas.
 Focus on ground-water scarce areas where access to safe drinking
water is limited, and continue emergency supply until sustainable
alternatives are restored.
 Prioritise pond cleaning, protection, and structural rehabilitation (of
banks, linings, and Pond Sand Filters), and ensure sustained
operation through training of Village Water-Sanitation Committees.
 Enhance rain-water harvesting at household and community levels,
including in Cyclone Shelters.
 Provide WASH-related NFIs: soap, culturally acceptable sanitary
items, locally-produced aluminium water containers to maximum
extent feasible in close cooperation with other NFI distributions.
 Support safe water and sanitation provision in temporary schools,
‘child-friendly spaces’, communal facilities, cyclone shelters.
 Support community-based hygiene promotion using multiple
communication methods.
 Strengthen community Water-Sanitation Committees in operation,
maintenance, and management of water supply/sanitation systems.
44 | Page
 Monitor progress made in improving availability and access to safe
water through surveys in comparison to GoB pre-Sidr baselines.
 Strengthen sub-national coordination, preparedness and earlywarning mechanisms in close cooperation with DPHE, local civil
authorities and the Armed Forces.
 Build DPHE Information Management capacity at national and
divisional level.
 Improve water quality monitoring through training and supplying
DPHE, NGO, and community water testing teams, and transparent
reporting of results to communities and DPHE.
Implementation Arrangements
The Sidr Transitional Working Group for WASH comprises 51 NGO and
UN partners. GoB’s Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) cochairs regular coordination meetings with UNICEF. At District level,
these arrangements are supplemented by specified NGO co-facilitators.
Results Framework: Water, Sanitation, Hygiene
Project Title
Objectives
1) All men, women and
children have access to safe
drinking and domestic water
up to pre-Sidr levels by end
October 2008.
Strategic Interventions






2) 80% Men women and
children have restored
access to safe sanitary
facilities to pre-Sidr levels by
end October 2008 and use
fixed place defecation


Indicators
Pond cleaning and protection
Rehabilitation of Pond Sand
Filters
Household water treatment
Tube well construction
Rain-water harvesting water
testing
Promotion of safe water
treatment, storage, and
handling at community and
household level
Rehabilitation and
construction of pit latrines
Solid waste disposal and
garbage







3)All men, women, children
are enabled to practice safer
hygiene in a dignified and
culturally appropriate
manner by end Dec 2008
Ensuring privacy and
hygienic conditions at
community level

Health & hygiene promotion
at household, community
and school level; supply of
personal hygiene articles

No faecal matter observed in target villages
New latrines conform to design standards,
including those for vulnerable individuals; at
least 85% coverage of sanitary latrines in
target villages
More than 80% of men, women and children
using and maintaining latrines by Oct 2008
as evidenced by hygiene condition and
availability of soap or ash inside the latrine
More than 75% of women and girls express
satisfaction with the safety and privacy of
latrines and bathing facilities
80% of men, women, and children can
demonstrate knowledge of key hygiene
practices by end October 2008
Amount
Funded
(USD)
12,500,000
12,500,000
(AusAid,
Danida,
DFID, ECHO,
JICA, USAID)
Safe water
(UNICEF,
NGOs)
Safe
sanitation
(UNICEF,
NGOs)
3,340,000
Hygiene
Promotion,
(UNICEF,
NGOs)
860,000

Provision of Toilets for
household clusters

TOTAL
45 | Page
Percentage of people with access to 7.5 litres
per person per day of potable water
Percentage of people whose distance from
shelter/home to water collection is less than
500m
Water meets national/international/sphere
water quality standards
Project
Budget
(USD)
Women , adolescents at village level have
access to toilet facilities with adequate
privacy at all hours
Capacity
Development
of RH through
DGHS (UNFPA)
100,000
16,800,000
3,340,000
(AusAid,
Danida,
DFID, ECHO,
JICA, USAID)
860,000
(AusAid,
Danida,
DFID, ECHO,
JICA, USAID)
Unfunded
16,700,000
Contacts Page
Overall Documentation and Strategy: Resident Coordinator’s Office
Jan Kellett
j.g.kellett@undp.org
Rune Brandrup
rune.brandrup@undp.org
Sector Contacts
Addressing Vulnerability:
Satoko Nadamoto UNRC; Rumana Khan UNRC, Satoko.nadamoto@undp.org, rumana.khan@undp.org
Agriculture:
Alfred Osunsanya, FAO, Alfred.osunsanya@fao.org
Disaster Risk Reduction:
Tarik-ul-Islam, UNDP, Tarik.islam@undp.org
Education:
Hassan A. Mohamed, UNICEF, hasmohamed@unicef.org
Environment:
Mamunul H. Khan, UNDP, mamunul.khan@undp.org
Food Security and Nutrition:
John MacHarris, WFP, John.mcharris@wfp.org
Health:
Enamul Haque, WHO, ehaque85@hotmail.com
Livelihood:
T. I.M. Nurunnabi Khan, ILO, nabi@ilodhaka.org
Shelter:
BMM Mozharul Huq, UNDP, mozharul.huq@undp.org
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene:
Pauline Mwaniki, UNICEF, pmwaniki@unicef.org
46 | Page