AP Biology Notes Chapter 13 -- Meiosis
Define the following:
Heredity: _____________________________________________________________________
Variation: ____________________________________________________________________
Genetics: ____________________________________________________________________
Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting _________________________________
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Hereditary units called __________________ found along chromosomes
• Genes are segments of _______________________ .
• Most program cells to synthesize specific ____________ and other _____________
• _____________________: the position of gene on chromosome
Asexual and sexual reproduction: Definitions
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Asexual reproduction: ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
•
Sexual reproduction: __________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Meiosis Vocab
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___________________: all cells other than sperm or eggs
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There are ________________ human chromosomes
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___________________: a “family picture” of chromosomes
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________________ chromosome pairs carry genes that control the same inherited characters.
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In humans, the sex chromosomes are called _____ and _____ .
• Human females have the combo ________, Males have the combo _______
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The other 22 pairs of chromosomes are called _________________.
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A _______________ cell has 1 chromosome set (n = 23 for humans)
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A ________________ cell has 2 chromosome sets (2n = 46 for humans)
Mitosis / Meiosis
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One similarity between the two: _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Three differences between meiosis and mitosis include (see pg. 242):
1) _______________________________________________________________________
2) _______________________________________________________________________
3) _______________________________________________________________________
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The first division of meiosis separates __________________________ chromosomes.
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The second separates ______________________________ chromatids.
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Interphase: chromosomes replicate, centrosome replicates
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Prophase I: Chromosomes pair with homologues in a process called __________________ .
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Metaphase I: _________________ arranged at the metaphase plate in homologous pairs.
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_____________________: Homologous chromosomes separate
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_____________________: Each pole now has a ___________ chromosome set; Each
chromosome consists of linked sister chromatids.
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Cytokinesis occurs to create two daughter cells.
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Meiosis II is similar to mitosis .
Sexual life cycles produce genetic variation among offspring
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Three mechanisms contribute to genetic variation:
• _____________________________________________________
2n, where n is __________________________________________________________.
• _____________________________________________________
Produces _______________________ chromosomes, combining genes from 2 parrents
• _____________________________________________________
Any sperm can fuse with any egg. # of possible chromosome combinations for sperm cell:
______________. For egg cell: __________________ . Overall possible # of diploid
combinations: _________________________________ .