AP Biology Study Guide
Chapter 27: Reproduction and Development
Opening Essay
1. Explain how the increased use of fertility drugs has impacted the number of multiple births in the United States.
Describe the increased health risks that multiple births involve.
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
2. Compare the types, advantages, and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction.
Human Reproduction
3. Describe the structures and functions of the female and male human reproductivesystems.
4. Describe and compare the processes and products of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
5. Describe the events of and control of the menstrual cycle. Note the specific functions of releasing hormone, FSH,
LH, estrogen, and progesterone.
6. Describe the nature of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Note their agents of infection, symptoms,
and methods of treatment.
7. Describe the most common forms of birth control and explain how each works. Compare the failure rates,
advantages, and disadvantages of each method.
Principles of Embryonic Development
8. Relate the structure of sperm to its role in fertilization. Describe the mechanisms that prevent more than one
sperm from fertilizing an egg and that prevent hybridization between different species.
9. Describe the process and results of cleavage. Explain how identical and nonidentical twins form.
10. Describe the process of gastrulation and the resulting arrangement of the embryo.
11. Explain how organs form after the development of a gastrula.
12. Explain how changes in cell shape, cell migration, and apoptosis contribute to development.
13. Explain how the one-dimensional information in DNA is used to direct the three-dimensional form of an
embryo.
Human Development
14. Describe the initial embryonic stages and the formation and functions of the extraembryonic membranes.
15. Describe the main changes that occur during each of the trimesters of human development.
16. Explain how labor begins and describe the main events of the three stages of labor.
17. Describe the common causes of human infertility and the technologies currently available to help couples
conceive.
C. Gay 2/4/09
Steamboat Springs High School AP Biology
Key Terms
acrosome
allantois
amnion
asexual reproduction
assisted reproductive technology (ART)
birth control pill
blastocoel
blastocyst
blastula
budding
bulbourethral gland
cervix
chlamydia
chorion
chorionic villus
cleavage
clitoris
coelom
conception
contraception
copulation
corpus luteum
ectoderm
ectopic pregnancy
egg
ejaculation
ejaculatory duct
embryo
endoderm
endometrium
epididymis
external fertilization
extraembryonic membranes
fetus
fertilization
fission
follicle
fragmentation
gamete
gametogenesis
gastrula
gastrulation
genital herpes
gestation
glans
hermaphroditism
homeobox
homeotic gene
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
impotence
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
induction
infertility
C. Gay 2/4/09
internal fertilization
labia majora
labia minora
labor
menstrual cycle
menstruation
mesoderm
morning after pill (MAP)
natural family planning
neural tube
notochord
oogenesis
oral contraceptive
orgasm
ovarian cycle
ovary
oviduct
ovulation
ovum (plural, ova)
pattern formation
penis
placenta
positive feedback
prepuce
primary oocyte
primary spermatocyte
programmed cell death
prostate gland
regeneration
reproduction
scrotum
secondary oocyte
secondary spermatocyte
semen
seminal vesicle
spermatogenesis
seminiferous tubule
sexual reproduction
sexually transmitted disease (STD)
sperm
spermicide
testis (plural, testes)
trimester
trophoblast
tubal ligation
uterus
vagina
vas deferens (plural, vasa deferentia)
vasectomy
yolk sac
zygote
Steamboat Springs High School AP Biology