NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL TRAUMA
&
HOMOEOPATHIC INTERVENTION
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
INCLUDES
REPERTORY AND THERAPEUTICS
Dr. NAVAL KUMAR
FIRST EDITION
PREFACE
This book is compilation of notes which is improved by making addition
from various authors, my practice, clinical experience and my knowledge.
I am sure that students &practitioners of homoeopathy will gain maximum
knowledge in most scientific way.
After my discussion with Dr W.Selwamurthi (chief controller of D.R.DO) I
felt a need to write a book on homoeopathic intervention in NBCT so that
people should know that homoeopathy is not only sweet sugar pills it can do
much better and can help in disaster management if given a proper platform
and support to grow and develop like other pathies.
This book will throw light on various possible medicines which can be used
as preventive in various diseases like variolinum in case of small pox
outbreak or in biological trauma at the time of war.this book contains a short
description on various nuclear biological and chemical traumas along with
homoeopathic therapeutics and repertory part.
Dedicated
To
Mahatma Gandhi
Symbol of piece
“Ahinsa parmodharm”
CONTENTS
PREFACE
DEDICATED TO
CHAPTERS
PART-I
1.
2.
3.
4.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NBT AND ITS THERAPEUTICS
NUCLEAR TRAUMA AND ITS THERAPEUTICS
CHEMICAL TRAUMA AND ITS THERAPEUTICS
BIOLOGICAL TRAUMA AND ITS THERAPEUTICS
PART-2
5. RUBRICS RELATED TO NBCT
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF NBCT
Treat the patient, not the disease. This is the most important doctrine of homeopathy.
Not two human beings are alike and so the medicines used for their treatment need not
be alike. Homeopathic medicines are prescribed based on the totality of symptoms of
that individual. So, the name of the disease is not important to the doctor who tries to get
a complete picture of the patient - his symptoms, the modalities of symptoms, his likes
and disliked, his environment, etc to arrive at the individualized remedy - which is the
similimum Similarity may be at the ‘whole person’ level, taking into account the
symptoms and signs of the disease, the patient’s physical build, personality,
temperament and genetic predispositions. This high level of individualization is not
always required: ‘similarity’ may be at a simpler, local level and is not usually necessary
in treating simple or acute conditions.
As the modern medical world inches towards understanding the complexities of this
10 trillion-celled mass called brain, in the last century it inched a bit further in realizing
(pardon me for not using the word understanding!) the connection of the mind with the
physical body. This has also led to the discovery a totally new set of problems called
psychosomatic disorders.
The term psychosomatic disorder has no precise definition. Most often the term is
applied to physical disorders thought to be caused by psychological factors. For
example, after a traumatic event, like a nuclear, chemical or biological trauma, an
individual might develop high blood pressure shortly afterwards or even have a heart
attack. In another person, the same situation might lead to peptic ulcer or a series of
asthma attacks. A third individual might not get sick at all. Social and psychological
stress can trigger or aggravate a wide variety of diseases, such as diabetes mellitus,
systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), leukemia, and multiple sclerosis. Depression can
suppress the immune system, making a depressed person more susceptible to certain
infections, such as those by the viruses that cause the common cold.
So can the mind (brain) alter the activity of white blood cells (blood cells responsible for
body defense) and thus an immune response. If so, how does the brain communicate
with the blood cells? After all, white blood cells travel through the body in blood or lymph
vessels and aren’t attached to nerves. Research has shown that such relationships to
exist. For example, hives (urticaria) can be brought on by a physical allergy or a
psychological reaction. Stress, therefore, can cause physical symptoms even though no
physical disease may be present. The body responds physiologically to emotional
stress. For example, stress can cause anxiety, which then triggers the autonomic
nervous system and hormones such as adrenaline to speed up the heart rate and to
increase the blood pressure and amount of sweating. Stress can also cause muscle
tension, leading to pain in the neck, back, head or elsewhere.
A skilled homeopath knows this relationship between the mind and the body. His great
masters like Hahnemann and Kent have taught it to him. For many times he sees
chronic cases like that of migraine and peptic ulcer, which had their origin after a mental
trauma or prolonged stress, disappear with a few doses of correctly prescribed
homoeopathic medicine.
The homoeopathic understanding of health is intimately connected to its understanding
of the mind in general. Homoeopaths don’t separate the mind and body in the usual way;
they generally assume that the body and mind are dynamically interconnected and the
both directly influence each other. This acknowledgement of interconnectedness is not
simply a vague, impractical concept. Homeopaths base virtually every homeopathic
prescription on the physical and psychological symptoms of a sick person.
Psychological symptoms often play a primary role in the selection of correct medicine.
Several schools of psychologists categories people in certain psychological or character
logical types. Others in medicine, genetics, and sports categories various body types
Homeopaths, in contrast, acknowledge certain ‘body-mind’ types. They determine their
medicines based on the constellation of physical and psychological symptoms. The
homeopathic treatment is highly scientific and artful, thus making it by far the best
treatment for psychosomatic disorders.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF NBC DISASTERS & HOMEOPATHIC SHIELD.
The primary psychological abnormality which develops in severe stress or disaster
situations is a transient, fluid state of emotional disruption. This occurs when individuals
cannot cope with the danger presented to them by their environment. Its major features
are fear and the results therefrom. The fear develops largely from the individual's
inability to make meaningful decisions or initiate purposeful actions; and, as a result,
even minor decisions become difficult to make. A vicious circle of fear-inaction-fear may
ensue, and the individual involved may become ineffective. This may vary in degree all
the way from very mild impairment of effectiveness to complete helplessness.
The characteristic disturbances which would occur include: stunned mute behavior,
uncontrolled flight, tearful helplessness, apathetic depression, inappropriate activity,
increased tension, or preoccupation with somatic representations. These disturbances
can last for minutes, hours, days, or sometimes weeks. Longer term reactions may
include phobias, survivor guilt, and psychosomatic symptoms. Fortunately, patients with
the milder and shorter disturbances are in the majority.
Perhaps one of the most controversial and well-known of the psychological effects
trauma can have on patients is repressed memory.The theory/reality of repressed
memory is the idea that an event is so traumatic, that the memory was not forgotten in
the traditional sense, or kept secret in shame or fear, but removed from the conscious
mind, still present in the long term memory but hidden from the patient’s knowledge
The general level of malaise, fear, and anxiety may remain high for years,
exacerbating pre-existing psychiatric disorders and further heightening the risk of mass
sociogenic illness. The current uncertainty over the chronic health effects of low level
exposure to toxic agents will further increase anxiety in the affected communities.
Because health officials cannot provide blanket assurances that no harm will result from
brief or non-symptom producing exposure to toxic agents, frustration and then a growing
distrust of medical experts and government officials may result, robbing state institutions
of the trust they need to manage recovery
MEDICINES FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS.
ACONITE A state of fear, anxiety; anguish of mind and body. Physical and mental
restlessness, fright, is the most characteristic manifestation of Aconitum Napellus. Acute,
sudden, and violent invasion, with fever, call for it. Does not want to be touched. Sudden
and great sinking of strength Better in open air.
Worse in warm room, in evening and night
ARSENIC Fear fright and worry Restlessness,
GELSEMIUM desire to be quiet left alone. Lethargy
IGNATIA: sighing, sobbing, tearful. After shocks, grief, disappointment or death of a
relative.
NATRUM MURIATICUM: chronic effects of long lasting grief. Oversensitive to all sorts
of influences. Great debility; most weakness felt in the morning in bed. Coldness.
Emaciation most notable in neck
PULSATILLA especially for mild, gentle, yielding disposition. Sad, crying readily; weeps
when talking; Changeable, contradictory. The patient seeks the open air; always feels
better there, even though he is chilly.
LACHESIS: Delirium tremens with much trembling and confusion
PHOSPHORUS Tall, slender persons, narrow chested, with thin, transparent skin,
weakened by loss of animal fluids, with great nervous debility, emaciation, amative
tendencies, seem to be under the special influence of Phosphorus. Great susceptibility to
external impressions, to light, sound, odors, touch, electrical changes, thunder-storms.
Suddenness of symptoms, sudden prostration, faints, sweats, shooting pains, etc.
NUCLEAR TRAUMA
EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR RADIATION
1. BLAST INJURIES (WOUNDS)
They are the result of two basic mechanisms, either the direct action of the blast wave
overpressures or the indirect action of flying debris or violent displacement of individuals
against other objects. About half of the patients seen will have wounds of their
extremities. The thorax, abdomen, and head will be involved about equally. Missile
injuries of the thorax, neck, and the head will be responsible for a large percentage of
deaths because these types of injuries have a high probability of immediate fatality.
2. THERMAL INJURIES ( BURNS)
Burns could become the most frequent injury seen. Because of the complexity of burns
treatment and the increased logistical requirements associated with the management of
burns, they will constitute the most difficult problem faced by the medical service
Certain factors are of prime importance in the early evaluation of burns.
a. Area of the burns; expressed in percentage of body surface involved.
b. Involvement of critical organs; i.e., head and neck, respiratory tract, genitalia, hands,
and feet.
c. Depth of burn; superficial (first- or second-degree), or deep (second degree) and full
thickness (third degree).
Burns are classified on the basis of the depth of the injury.
a. Superficial or Partial Skin Thickness Burns. These are lesions in which the dermis
is intact and only the epidermis is injured. When the injury is limited and only erythema
occurs (such as in a sunburn), these are usually called first-degree burns. If blistering is
seen, the injuries are called second-degree burns.
b. Deep or Full-Thickness Burns. Injuries involving the full thickness of the skin which
cannot heal by epithelization are called third-degree burns. Instead, these injuries heal
by scarring, and as a result there may be contraction and loss of function, particularly if
extremities are involved.
3. ACUTE RADIATION SICKNESS
Whole-body irradiation, where absorbed doses are high and acquired over short periods
of time, will result in acute radiation sickness. There are three characteristic
syndromes which make up the typical clinical pattern of acute radiation sickness. These
are the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and neurovascular syndromes which occur with
increasing dose respectively.
A. The hematopoietic syndrome, or syndrome of bone-marrow depression, occurs
at lower doses than the others and would be the most common form of radiation
sickness seen in nuclear combat. Manifestations of bone-marrow depression are seen
following doses of radiation in the low through midlethal range.
B. As the probability of lethality becomes 100 percent with higher doses, the
gastrointestinal syndrome will predominate. This syndrome, which will also be
common, develops from combined severe damage to bone marrow and the
gastrointestinal tract.
C. The neurovascular syndrome is associated with absorbed doses in the supralethal
range and would be seen quite rarely since heat and blast effects would cause
immediate lethality in most situations where the required very high radiation doses would
be sustained
The subsequent clinical picture is basically that of a steadily deteriorating state of
consciousness with eventual coma and death. Convulsions may or may not occur. There
may be little or no indication of increased intracranial pressure
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR WARFARE
The primary psychological abnormality which develops in severe stress or disaster
situations is a transient, fluid state of emotional disruption. This occurs when individuals
cannot cope with the danger presented to them by their environment. Its major features
are fear and the results therefrom. The fear develops largely from the individual's
inability to make meaningful decisions or initiate purposeful actions; and, as a result,
even minor decisions become difficult to make. A vicious circle of fear-inaction-fear may
ensue, and the individual involved may become ineffective. This may vary in degree all
the way from very mild impairment of effectiveness to complete helplessness.
The characteristic disturbances which would occur include: stunned mute behavior,
uncontrolled flight, tearful helplessness, apathetic depression, inappropriate
activity, increased tension, or preoccupation with somatic representations. These
disturbances can last for minutes, hours, days, or sometimes weeks. Longer term
reactions may include phobias, survivor guilt, and psychosomatic symptoms.
Fortunately, patients with the milder and shorter disturbances are in the majority.
THERAPEUTICS
BLAST INJURIES
ARNICA: Indicated particularly in injuries to soft parts, fractures, dislocations, bruises,
eechymoses etc. It delays suppuration. Useful in concussion of brain or spinal cord and
haemorrhages from injuries.
It is considered a pyaemic prophylactic and has a specific effect on septic poisoning.
CALENDULA : Indicated in ragged wounds with soreness & pain. It reduces
inflammation & promotes healthy granulations. It is of special use in injuries like gun shot
wounds.
HYPERICUM: Indicated in injuries to nerves & parts rich in nerves. Like ends of fingers
& toes. Also in open wounds that are exceedingly painful. Useful in splinters in feet,
mashing of fingers, crushing of toes.
LEDUM PAL: Punctured wounds, Wounds in the head.
STAPHISAGRIA: Suits clean cut wounds, wounds from glass.
BELLIS PER: Contusions & sprains.
ARANEA DIADEMA: Haemorrhage after gunshot wounds.
BURNS
CANTHARIS- Indicated in burns & scalds with rawness & smarting., relieved by cold
application , followed by undue application.
URTICA :Burns confined to skin.
PICRIC ACID: A one percent solution applied is the best application for burns until
granulations begin to form.
HEMATOPOIETIC SYNDROME
FERRUM METALLICUM: When the patient has appearance of full bloodedness,
followed by paleness of face. The patient is easily exhausted & feels ver cold.
PULSATILLA : The patient is thirstless . Dizziness on rising & feels better in open
air.
CINCHONA: Heaviness of head loss of sight, fainting & ringing of ears, pale sallow
complexion & poor digestion.
CALCAREA CARB: Craving for sour & indigestible things. Swelling of abdomen.
Vertigo & palpitation on going upstairs.
ARSENICUM: all-prevailing debility, exhaustion, and restlessness. Great exhaustion
after the slightest exertion Fear fright and worry Better from heat; from head
elevated; warm drinks.
Worse from wet weather, after midnight; from cold, cold drinks, or food.
NATRUM MURIATICUM: Great debility; most weakness felt in the morning in bed.
Coldness. Emaciation most notable in neck. Great liability to take cold. Great
weakness and weariness. Oversensitive to all sorts of influences
GASTROINTESTINAL SYNDROME
NUX VOMICA: The typical Nux Vomica patient is rather thin, spare, quick, active,
nervous, and irritable. He does a good deal of mental work; has mental strains and
leads a sedentary life, found in prolonged office work, over study, and close
application to business, with its cares and anxieties Better, from a nap, in evening,
while at rest, in damp, wet weather and strong pressure.
Worse morning, mental exertion, after eating, touch, spices, stimulants, narcotics,
dry weather.
CHINA: Debility from exhausting discharges, from loss of vital fluids. Sensitive to
drafts. Better by bending double; hard pressure; open air; warmth.
Worse, slightest touch. Draft of air; every other day; loss of vital fluids; at night; after
eating; bending over
PHOSPHORUS: Tall, slender persons, narrow chested, with thin, transparent skin,
weakened by loss of animal fluids, with great nervous debility, emaciation. Great
susceptibility to external impressions, to light, sound, odors, touch, electrical
changes, thunder-storms. Suddenness of symptoms, sudden prostration, faints,
sweats, shooting pains. Better, in dark, lying on right side, cold food; cold; open air;
washing with cold water; sleep.
Worse by touch; physical or mental exertion; twilight; warm food or drink; change of
weather, from getting wet in hot weather; evening; lying on left or painful side; during
a thunder-storm; ascending stairs.
SULPHUR dislike of water, dry and hard hair and skin, red orifices, sinking feeling at
stomach about 11 am. Standing is the worst position for Sulphur patients, it is always
uncomfortable. Dirty, filthy people, prone to skin affections. Aversion to being
washed. General offensive character of discharge and exhalations. Very red lips and
face, flushing easily.
LYCOPODIUM Symptoms characteristically run from right to left, acts especially on
right side of body, and are worse from about 4 to 8 P.M. In kidney affections,
Backache, worse before urination. Intolerant of cold drinks; Craves everything warm.
Best adapted to persons intellectually keen, but of weak, muscular power. Deepseated, progressive, chronic diseases. Carcinoma. Emaciation. Debility in morning.
NEUROVASCULAR SYNDROME
OPIUM Drowsy stupor, painlessness & torpor. Heavy sleep. Loss of breath on
faling sleep
BELLADONNA No thirst, anxiety of fear. Violence of attack and suddenness of
onset. delirium, restless sleep, convulsive movements, dryness of mouth and throat
with aversion to water, Neuralgic pains that come and go suddenly
NATRUM MUR Great debility; most weakness felt in the morning in bed. Coldness.
Emaciation most notable in neck. Great liability to take cold
PHOSPHORUS Suddenness of symptoms, sudden prostration, faints, sweats,
shooting pains, etc. Tall, slender persons, narrow chested, with thin, transparent
skin, weakened by loss of animal fluids, with great nervous debility, emaciation,
amative tendencies, seem to be under the special influence of Phosphorus. Great
susceptibility to external impressions, to light, sound, odors, touch, electrical
changes, thunder-storms
CUPRUM METALLICUM: Spasms, convulsions, epileptic attacks. Unconscious,
fainting, falling.
MEDICINES FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS.
ACONITE A state of fear, anxiety; anguish of mind and body. Physical and mental
restlessness, fright, is the most characteristic manifestation of Aconitum Napellus.
Acute, sudden, and violent invasion, with fever, call for it. Does not want to be
touched. Sudden and great sinking of strength Better in open air.
Worse in warm room, in evening and night
ARSENIC Fear fright and worry Restlessness,
GELSIMIUM desire to be quiet left alone. Lethargy
IGNATIA: sighing, sobbing, tearful. After shocks, grief
X-RAY
Vial containing alcohol exposed to X-Ray
Repeated exposure to Roentgen (X-ray) has produced skin lesions often followed by
cancer. Distressing pain. Sexual glands are particularly affected. Atrophy of ovaries and
testicles. Sterility. Changes take place in the blood lymphatics and bone marrow. Anæmia
and leukæmia. Corresponds to stubbornness as in burns, they refuse to heal. Psoriasis.
Has the property of stimulating cellular metabolism. Arouses the reactive vitality,
mentally and physically. Brings to the surface suppressed symptoms, especially sycotic
and those due to mixed infections. Its homeopathic action is thus centrifugal, towards the
periphery.
RADIUM BROMATUM
Radium Bromide
(RADIUM)
An important addition to the Materia Medica, especially since the provings by
Diffenbach have precisionized its use. Radium brom of 1,800,000 radio-activity was
employed. Found effective in the treatment of rheumatism and gout, in skin affections
generally, acne rosacea, nævi, moles, ulcers and cancers. Lowered blood pressure. Severe
aching pains all over, with restlessness, better moving about. Chronic rheumatic arthritis.
Lateness in appearance of symptoms. Ulcers due to Radium burns, take a long time to
heal. Marked increase in the polymorph nuclear neutrophiles. Great weakness.
Mind.--Apprehensive, depressed; fear of being alone in the dark; great desire to be with
people. Tired and irritable.
Small pimples. Erythema and dermatitis, with itching, burning, swelling and redness.
Necrosis and ulceration. Itching all over body, burning of skin, as if afire. Epithelioma.
URANIUM NITRICUM
Nitrate of Uranium
Causes glycosuria and increased urine. Is known to produce nephritis, diabetes,
degeneration of the liver, high blood pressure and dropsy. Its therapeutic keynote is great
emaciation, debility and tendency to ascites and general dropsy. Backache and delayed
menses. Dry mucous membranes and skin
SOL
Effective remedy for Bad effects of radiation hazards.
Clinical Features / Effects of Burn Injury:
Pain – immediate, acute and intense in superficial burns. Little pain in deep burns.
Acute anxiety – severe at the time of injury.
Fluid loss and dehydration – tachycardia from fluid loss
Local tissue oedema – superficial burns with blisters and deeper burns develops
oedema in subcutaneous spaces.
Special sites – Eyes may be involved in explosion injury or chemical burns and nasal
airway, mouth and upper airway in inhalation injury.
Coma.
Homoeopathic Management:
Aconite (2) – use immediately after the accident to counteract the nervous shock or when
reaction has taken place, and there is dry, burning heat of the skin, heat hot and painful, face
is red, pulse hard, frequent and contracts. There is great restlessness, panic and fear of death.
Arnica (1) - Helps prevent sequel:
Such as shock after severe, deep burns and prevent septicemia. Inflammation of skin and
cellular tissue with extreme tenderness and pain. Patient does not want to approach and tell
every one present they are all right and wants to be left alone.
Arsenicum (3) - Deep burns with vesicles and infected flesh that turn black showing
tendency towards gangrene, Inflammatory swelling, with burning, lancination pains.
Infection from dead tissue remaining in the wound great anguish and restlessness, changes
place constantly. Fear death and being left above. Thinks it is useless to take medicine.
Prostration which may seem out of proportion with the situation colic after severe burn.
Calendula (2) - This remedy is useful for minor superficial burns caused by fire or the sun.
Calendula also prevents gangrene and promotes granulation as well as prevents disfiguring
scars. Prevents loss of blood and excessive pain. It is a good remedy to use to promote
healing after specific acute remedies have removed the shock, pain and immediate
symptoms. Use this remedy internally in potency and externally as a lotion.
Cantharis (3) - If used early it will prevent the formation of blisters. This is the most used
remedy for scalds, burn and sunburns with vesicular character, blisters and superficial
ulceration. Small blisters coalesce to form large blisters. Burns and scald with rawness and
burning > by cold applications, followed by undue inflammation. Tetanic or epileptiform
convulsions followed by coma. Extensive burns cause a renal complication. Patient is < by
touch, approach and > rest. Use internally and externally in lotion.
Carbolic Acid (1) – Useful for the ill effects of deep burns as well as old burns do not get
well. Chemical burns and scalds. Intensely sympathetic, thinking of complaints aggravate
them.
Rhus tox (2) – After burns and scalds with vesicles, bullae (large blisters), Pustules. The
burns are extensive burn more superficial although there may be erysipelas with typhoid like
symptoms, sensorium become cloudy.
Sol. (2) – This remedy is made form potentised sunlight. It is useful in sun burn both as a
preventive in those who are extremely sensitive to the sun and as well curative in
overexposure. May be useful reducing the amounts of UV radiation in the skin.
Urtica urens (3) – For simple burns involving the skin, superficial burns. Intense burning
and itching. Useful is chemical burns caused by poisonous plants use internally and
externally.
Repertorium :
BURNS, in general – Acon. Arn., ARS., Calen., CANTH, Carb-ac, Caust., Rhus-t., Sol.,
URT-U.
Ailments from burns – Carb-ac, Caust., Pic-ac.
Black, deep burns turns gangrene - ARS.
Blisters:
Bullae (large blisters) – Rhus-t.
Prevent from arising – CANTH, Kali-m.
Small vesicles colesce to form large blisters-Canth.
Chemical burns – Caust.
Mind:
Anguish and restlessness, changes place constantly – Ars.
Fears death – Acon., Ars.
Fears alone and being- Ars.
Nervous shock- Acon.
Panic shock – Acon.
Shock after severe, deep burns- Arn.
Sympathetic, intensely, thinking of complaints aggravates them – Caust.
Useless thinks it is, to take medicine – Ars.
Old burns do not heal – Carb. ac., Caust.
Prevents:
Infection and promotes granulation – CALEN.
Disfiguring scars – Calen.
Superficial burns that burns and itch intensely- Urt-u.
CHEMICAL WARFARE
Chemical weapons use the toxic properties of chemical substances rather than their
explosive properties to produce physical or physiological effects on an enemy.
Although instances of what might be styled as chemical weapons date to antiquity, much
of the lore of chemical weapons as viewed today has its origins in World War I. During
that conflict "gas" (actually an aerosol or vapor) was used effectively on numerous
occasions by both sides to alter the outcome of battles. A significant number of battlefield
casualties were sustained
Types of Chemical Weapon Agents
Chemical weapon agents are hazardous substances. Major categories of CWAs
include the following:
 Nerve agents (such as sarin, soman, cyclohexylsarin, tabun, VX)
 Vesicating or blistering agents (such as mustards, lewisite)
 Choking agents or lung toxicants (such as chlorine, phosgene,
diphosgene) Cyanides
 Incapacitating agents (such as anticholinergic compounds)
 Lacrimating or riot control agents (such as pepper gas,
chloroacetophenone, CS)
 Vomiting agents (such as adamsite)
CLINICAL EFFECTS: Depending on the agent and the type and amount
(concentration) of exposure, CWA effects may be immediate or delayed.
Large inhalation exposures to nerve agents or mustards are likely to kill people
immediately.
Small exposures on the skin to nerve agents and mustards are more
dangerous than they seem at first. People exposed to such agents need to be
carefully observed for slowly developing or delayed effects.
Blister or Vesicant Agents
Vesicants burn and blister the skin or any other part of the body they contact. They act on
the eyes, mucous membranes, lungs, skin and blood-forming organs. They damage the
respiratory tract when inhaled and cause vomiting and diarrhea when ingested.
The vesicant agents include:




HD - sulfur mustard, or pyrite
HN - nitrogen mustard
L - lewisite (arsenical vesicants may be used in a mixture with HD)
CX - phosgene (properties and effects are very different from other vesicants)
HD and HN are the most feared vesicants historically, because of their chemical
stability, their persistency in the field, the insidious character of their effects by attacking
skin as well as eyes and respiratory tract. Due to their physical properties.
MUSTARDS.


In a single exposure the eyes are more susceptible to mustard than either the
respiratory tract or the skin.
The effects of mustard on the eyes are very painful. Conjunctivitis follows.. The
conjunctiva and the lids become red. Heavy exposure irritates the eyes after 1 to 3
hours and produces severe lesions.








Mustard attacks all the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. Symptoms
start with burning pain in the throat and hoarseness of the voice.
A dry cough gives way to copious expectoration.
Airway secretions and fragments of necrotic epitheliums may obstruct the lungs.
The damaged lower airways become infected easily, predisposing to pneumonia
after approximately 48 hours.
LIQUID ARSENICAL VESICANTS
It produces more severe lesions of the skin than liquid mustard.
Stinging pain is felt usually in 10 to 20 seconds after contact with liquid arsenical
vesicants. The pain increases in severity with penetration and in a few minutes
becomes a deep, aching pain.
Contamination of the skin is followed shortly by erythema, then by vesication
which tends to cover the entire area of erythema.
There is deeper injury to the connective tissue and muscle, greater vascular
damage, and more severe inflammatory reaction than is exhibited in mustard
burns. In large, deep, arsenical vesicant burns, there may be considerable necrosis
of tissue, gangrene and slough.
PHOSGENE OXIDE



In low concentrations, phosgene oxide severely irritates the eyes and respiratory
organs. In high concentrations, it also attacks the skin.
Phosgene oxide also affects the eyes, causing corneal lesions and blindness and
may affect the respiratory tract causing pulmonary edema.
The action on the skin is immediate: phosgene oxide provokes irritation
resembling that caused by a stinging nettle. appear. Recovery takes 1 to 3 months.
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: Ideally, emergency personnel will wear
personal protective equipment, decontaminate the victims immediately, provide
medical support to the victims and provide specific antidotes to counteract the
harmful effects.
Personal protective equipment: First responders to a chemical attack are at
serious risk themselves from the chemically contaminated environment (known
as the hot zone). They can come in direct contact with the CWA or inhale the
vapor. They are also at risk if they handle skin and clothing of victims if a liquid
chemical agent was used. Vapors pose little added risk for anyone outside the
hot zone.
Decontamination: Decontamination is the physical process of removing the
remaining chemicals from people, equipment, and the environment.
 Initial decontamination involves removing all contaminated clothes
and jewelry from the affected person and then washing the body
thoroughly with warm water and soap.
 Hot water and vigorous scrubbing may actually worsen the effects by
increasing chemical absorption into the skin.
 Vapor exposure alone may not require decontamination. But if it is not
known whether the exposure was to a vapor or liquid, or if exposed
people have symptoms, they should undergo decontamination.
Choking Agents
Top
Chemical agents which attack lung tissue, primarily causing pulmonary edema, are
classed as lung damaging agents. To this group belong:

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CG - phosgene
DP - diphosgene
Cl - chlorine
PS - chloropicrin
PHOEGENE
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The toxic action of phosgene is typical of a certain group of lung damaging agents
. Phosgene is the most dangerous member of this group and the only one
considered likely to be used in the future. Phosgene was used for the first time in
1915, and it accounted for 80% of all chemical fatalities during World War I.
The outstanding feature of phosgene poisoning is massive pulmonary edema.
During and immediately after exposure, there is likely to be coughing, choking, a
feeling of tightness in the chest, nausea, and occasionally vomiting, headache and
lachrymation.
It begins with cough (occasionally substernally painful), dyspnea, rapid shallow
breathing and cyanosis. Nausea and vomiting may appear. As the edema
progresses, discomfort, apprehension and dyspnea increase and frothy sputum
develops.
The patient may develop shock-like symptoms, with pale, clammy skin, low
blood pressure and feeble, rapid heartbeat.
Feared Chemical Agents
An effective chemical attack would use chemicals that are extremely toxic to people in
small quantities. The most commonly feared agents include:
Sarin - Sarin is a nerve agent. This means that, once inside your body, it
affects the signaling mechanism that nerve cells use to communicate with one
another.
Sarin is a cholinesterase inhibitor -- it gums up the cholinesterase enzyme,
which your nerve cells use to clear themselves of acetylcholine. When a nerve
cell needs to send a message to another nerve cell (for example, to cause a
muscle to contract), it sends the message with the acetylcholine. Without
cholinesterase to clear the acetylcholine, muscles start to contract
uncontrollably, this eventually causes death by suffocation (since the
diaphragm is a muscle).
Sarin is probably the most feared chemical agent because it has actually been
used by terrorists to kill people. In 1995, the group Aum Shinrikyo released
sarin gas in the Tokyo subway, wounding thousands and killing 12 people. It is
not particularly difficult to manufacture, and about 1 milligram in the lungs
will kill a person.
VX - VX is very similar to Sarin. It works in the same way, but is more toxic.
One milligram on the skin will kill a person
Mustard Gas - Mustard gas has been around since World War I. It blisters the
skin and destroys lung tissue. About 10 milligrams in the lungs will kill a
person.
Lewisite - Lewisite, like mustard gas, is a blistering agent, and has also been
around since World War I.
HOMOEOPATHIC INTERVENTION
FOR ULCERATION AND IRRITATION IN THE EYES
1. CALCAREA CARB –
Quivering in the eyelids
Lachrymal suppurating fistula
Scrofulous inflammation of the eyes
Ulcers, spots and opacity of cornea
Bland lachrymation
Chronic dilatation of pupils, child dreads artificial light
‘
CAUSTICUM
Paralysis of ocular muscles
Cataract with motor disturbances, fissures in canthi.
Pain in eyes, as if from sand, <touch
Foggy vision
Photophobia, weakness of recti muscles
PULSATILLA
Styes especially on upper eyelid
Inflammation of lachrymal duct
Fistula lachrymalis discharging pus on pressure
Amaurosis, paralysis of optic nerve
SILICEA
Swelling of lachrymal duct, lachrymal fistula
Iritis with hypopyon
Letters run together on reading
STAPHYSAGRIA
Meibomian tumours
Nodosities in margin of lids
Blepharitis
Syphilitic iritis with bursting pain in the eyeball
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS
Phlyctenular conjunctivitis
Styes and tarsal tumours,chalazae
Hard knot like small condylomata
Epithelioma of upper eyelid
BURNS
CARBO ANIMALIS
It is not surprising that this remedy has been one of the most suitable for old, stubborn
cancerous affections; for cancerous ulcers. They all burn, they are all surrounded by
infiltrated, hardened, dark-colored tissue, and they all ooze an acrid ichorous fluid.
ARNICA
Sequelae of nervous shock after severe deep burns, septicaemia, phlegmonous erysipelas
following the burn
CANTHARIS
Burns and scalds of erysipelatous, vesicular character, superficial ulceration caused by
burns, with burning pains anc lacrimation, titanic convulsions followed by coma
URTICARIA, ECZEMA, ALLERGIC DERMATITIS
Psorinum. [Psor]
Herpetic eruptions with much itching, worse when getting warm in bed; the skin is dirty,
greasy, unwashed in appearance. Tinea capitis, offensive matter oozes out. Sebaceous
glands secrete in excess. Eczema more on the sides of the head and face, cheeks and ears.
Eruption in the bends of joints. Pustules or boils remaining after itch. A most important
remedy in all skin affections and we should not forget Tuberculinum and Syphilinum, for
each has its special field and symptoms. Clarke advises the nosodes, especially in
leprosy.
#Oleander. [Olnd]
Skin eruptions with gastro-energetic troubles; the skin is very sensitive, slight friction
causes chafing and soreness, especially about the neck, scrotum and thighs. Crusta lactea
on scalp and back of ears. There is great itching; scartching relieves at first but the parts
become very sore. It will be all the more strongly indicated if gastro-enteric symptoms be
present.
#Ranunculus bulbous. [Ran-b]
Vesicular eruptions along the course of the nerve; vesicles filled with serum and burn
greatly; large blisters form on a raw surface. Herpes zoster. Pemphigus in the new born.
Thickening of the skin into yellow hard horny scabs.
#Nitric acid. [Nit-ac]
Our great remedy in ulcers when these symptoms are present. 1. Ragged zigzag often
raised edges. 2. Profuse granulations, proud flesh. 3. Vascular, bleeding easily where
touched. 4. Splinter-like pains in them. Sycotic excrescences.
#Pulsatilla. [Puls]
An indicated remedy in hives when of gastric or uterine origin, or with diarrhoea and
chilliness; hives after eating pork, fruit or buckwheat cakes. Scanty menses. Itching
swellings on the fingers also indicate Urtica. Face blotched. Note the urinary symptoms
which will often accompany.
#Apis mellifica. [Apis]
Urticaria, with cold or intermittent fever; there is a sudden eruption of welts with terrible
itching Lichen and erythema nodosum.
#Sepia. [Sep]
Brownish spots on the skin. Herpetic conditions about the knees and ankles, in the bends
of joints and behind the ears, at first dry, it becomes moist and discharges copiously.
Yellow spots, liver spots; urticaria worse from warmth of bed. Ringworms, herpes
circinatus. Chronic nettle rash after milk or pork. Sepia is also a remedy in psoriasis.
#Hepar sulphur. [Hep]
Moist eruption in folds of skin and itching in the bends of joints; the skin is extremely
sensitive and suppurates easily, and pimples form around ulcers. Humid eczema of the
scalp, sore and sensitive to touch. Eczema of the scrotum and genital organs boils. It is
especially useful after the abuse of salves or ointments containing containing zinc or
mercury. Graphites is distinguished by not having the sensitiveness
#Kali muriaticum. [Kali-m]
One of the most satisfactory remedies in the treatment of eczema capitis and moist
eczemas, especially when chronic and obstinate in character. This observation has been
repeatedly verified. Cartier and our Brazilian confreres endorse it. It is also a most useful
remedy in acne and in sycotic skin manifestations.
BIOLOGICAL TRAUMA
Biological agents are organism or toxins produced by the organism that can be used
against people, animals or crops.
PATHOGENS
There are hundred of pathogens which include bacteria, virus, fungi, and parasites.
Bacillus anthrax, yersinia pestis, coxiella burnetil
Toxin
Toxins are poisonous chemical produced by living organism.
Botulinum toxins produced by clostridium botulinum
Acquisitation of biological trauma
1) Legitimate supplier
2) Theft
3) Self manufacture
4) Natural source
5) Unknown
pathogens
Traditional biological warfare
agent
Bacillus anthracis
Brucella suis
Coxiella burnetil
Smallpox
Viral encephalitis
Viral haemorrhagic fever
Agents associated with
biocrimes bioterrorism
Salmonella typhi
Salmonella paratyphoid
Shigella species
Vibrio cholerae
Viral Haemorrhagic fever
Yellow fever virus
Francisella tularensis
toxin
Botulinum
Ricin
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
Anti- crop agents
Rice blast
Rye stem rust
Wheat stem rust
HIV
Giardia lamblia
Cholera endotoxin
Diptheria toxin
Nicotine
Snake toxin
tetrodotoxin
DISEASE CAUSED BY AGENTS
1) ANTHRAX
Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus
anthracis
How is anthrax transmitted?
Anthrax infection can occur in three forms: cutaneous (skin), inhalation, and
gastrointestinal. B. anthracis spores can live in the soil for many years, and humans can
become infected with anthrax by handling products from infected animals or by inhaling
anthrax spores from contaminated animal products.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMPS OF ANTHRAX
Symptoms of disease vary depending on how the disease was contracted, but
symptoms usually occur within 7 days.
Cutaneous: Most (about 95%) anthrax infections occur when the bacterial spore enters a cut or
abrasion on the skin, such as when handling contaminated wool, hides, leather or hair products
(especially goat hair) of infected animals. Skin infection begins as a raised itchy bump that
resembles an insect bite but within 1-2 days develops into a vesicle and then a painless ulcer,
usually 1-3 cm in diameter, with a characteristic black necrotic (dying) area in the center. Edema
or swelling of the surrounding tissues may develop and lymph glands in the adjacent area may
swell. About 20% of untreated cases of cutaneous anthrax will result in death. Deaths are rare
with appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Inhalation: Initial symptoms may resemble a common cold. After several days, the symptoms
may progress to severe breathing problems and shock. Inhalation anthrax is usually fatal, and
even with aggressive antibiotic and supportive therapy 45% of inhalation anthrax cases were fatal
in the bioterrorist attack in the fall of 2001.
Intestinal: The intestinal disease form of anthrax may follow the consumption of contaminated
meat and is characterized by an acute inflammation of the intestinal tract. Initial signs include
nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, fever are followed by abdominal pain, vomiting of blood, and
severe diarrhea. Symptoms may also include lesions and soreness in the throat, difficulty
swallowing, marked swelling of the neck and regional lymph glands. Intestinal anthrax results in
death in 25% to 60% of cases.
2) PLAGUE
Plague is a deadly infectious disease caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis (Pasteurella
pestis). Plague is a zoonotic, primarily carried by rodents (most notably rats) and spread to
humans via fleas. Plague is notorious throughout history, due to the unprecedented scale of death
and devastation it brought
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLAGUE
Bubonic plague, infection of the lymph glands;
Septicemia plague, infection of the blood; and
Pneumonic plague, infection of the lungs. Pneumonic plague is the most contagious
form because it can spread from person to person in airborne droplets.
What are the signs and symptoms of plague?
When a person is bitten by an infected flea or is infected by handling an infected animal,
the plague bacteria move through the bloodstream to the lymph nodes. The lymph
nodes swell, causing the painful lumps ("buboes") that are characteristic of bubonic
plague. Other symptoms are fever, headache, chills, and extreme tiredness. Some
people have gastrointestinal symptoms.
If bubonic plague goes untreated, the bacteria can multiply in the bloodstream and
produce plague septicemia (septicemia plague), severe blood infection. Signs and
symptoms are fever, chills, tiredness, abdominal pain, shock, and bleeding into the skin
another organ. Untreated septicemia plague is usually fatal.
Pneumonic plague, or plague pneumonia, develops when the bacteria infect the lungs.
People with plague pneumonia have high fever, chills, difficulty breathing, a cough, and
bloody sputum. Plague pneumonia is considered a public health emergency because a
cough can quickly spread the disease to others. Untreated pneumonic plague is usually
fatal.
SUSPECTED PLAGUE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IF THE FOLLOWING
CONDITIONS ARE MET:
1. Clinical symptoms that are compatible with plague i. e., fever and
lymphadenopathy in a person who resides in or recently traveled to a plagueendemic area.
2. If small gram-negative and/or bipolar-staining coccobacilli are seen on a smear
taken from affected tissues, e.g.:
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Bubo (bubonic plague)
Blood (septicemia plague)
Tracheal/lung aspirate (pneumonic plague)
SMALL POX
Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Some experts say that over
the centuries it has killed more people than all other infectious diseases combined.
Worldwide immunization stopped the spread of smallpox three decades ago. The last
case was reported in 1977. Two research labs still house small amounts of the virus.
Experts fear bioterrorists could use the virus to spread disease.
THE RISK OF TERRORISM
It is conceivable that smallpox could be deliberately reintroduced into the population.
Smallpox could be released by aerosol, and it would spread easily because the virus
remains very stable in aerosol form.
It would take no more than 50-100 cases to cause legitimate concern on an international
level. Emergency measures would need to be taken immediately.
Smallpox is highly contagious from one person to another. It is most contagious during
the first week, and is spread from saliva droplets. It may continue to be contagious until
the scabs from the rash fall off. It may also be spread from bed sheets and clothing.
Researchers believe that the smallpox infection (if released in aerosol form, under
favorable conditions, without sunlight) could remain viable for as long as 24 hours. In
unfavorable conditions, the virus may only remain viable for 6 hours. There is clear
evidence that shows that the virus can remain viable on bed linens and clothes for
significant periods of time.
SYMPTOMS
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High fever
Fatigue
Severe headache
Backache
Malaise
Raised pink rash -- turns into pus-filled lesions that become crusty on day 8 or 9
Delirium
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Excessive bleeding
Cholera
The word cholera is derived from a Greek term “Khole” that means "flow of bile." And
Latin word “Cholera” which means ‘bilious diarrhea’. Cholera is an acute intestinal
infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated by a comma-shaped
bacteria Vibrio cholerae, the most feared epidemic diarrheal disease because of its
severity.
The most common cause of cholera is:
 It is caused by a germ known as “Vibrio Cholerae”
 Exposure from poor hygiene
 Eating raw or undercooked food, shellfish
 Susceptibility to cholera may be increased by a deficiency or an absence of
hydrochloric acid.
SYPMTOMS
Symptoms begin 1 to 3 days after infection and range from mild, uncomplicated diarrhea
to severe, potentially fatal disease. Some infected people have no symptoms. The
infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes can be severe. The infected
person has several symptoms which can be characterized by:
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Abdominal cramps
Dehydration
Diarrhea has a "fishy" odor
Dry mouth
Dry skin
Excessive thirst
Leg cramps
Low urine output
Low Blood Pressure
Nausea
Rapid heart rate
Sunken eyes
Tiredness
Unusual sleepiness
Vomiting
Watery diarrhea
TYPHOID
Typhoid is potentially fatal infectious disease caused by bacterium Salmonella typhi (S.
typhi). The name of the illness is derived from the Greek word ‘tuphos’, meaning stupor.
Etiologic Agent
Salmonella serogroup Typhi
How is typhoid transmitted ?
Humans are the sole reservoir of S. typhi infection as well as the only natural host.
Typhoid is transmitted by food or water that has been contaminated by effected
individuals, a patient in convalescence, or individuals who harbour the typhoid bacteria.
Typhoid fever remains endemic in most of the less-developed areas of the world, where
poor conditions of sanitation and food hygiene prevail.
An important property of S. typhi is its ability to survive in the environment, such as in
snow, water and food. In some instances, this survival may be as long as several
months. The hardy nature of the organism has permitted it to cause epidemics that are
unexpected because no apparent recent cause for the contamination was found.
What are the symptoms of typhoid?
Symptoms of the disease vary from case to case but often include intermittent fever,
headache, tiredness and weakness, changes in behavior, and abdominal discomfort with
constipation in the early stages of the disease followed by the diarrhoea later.
The most severe complications of typhoid are intestinal bleeding and perforation.
Intestinal bleeding occurs in about 5% of typhoid cases. It occurs during 2-3 weeks after
infection with sudden deterioration developing malaise, fall in blood pressure, fall in
temperature and increased pulse rate.
Perforation occurs in about 4-5% of typhoid cases wherein ulcerated intestine perforates
and the gut content leaks into the abdominal cavity causing infection.
SHIGELLOSIS
Shigella species are classified by four serogroups:
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Serogroup A: S. dysenteriae (12 serotypes)
Serogroup B: S. flexneri (6 serotypes)
Serogroup C: S. boydii (23 serotypes)
Serogroup D: S. sonnei (1 serotype)
Group A–C are physiologically similar; S. sonnei (group D) can be differentiated on the
basis of biochemical metabolism assays. Three Shigella groups are the major diseasecausing species: S. flexneri is the most frequently isolated species worldwide and
accounts for 60% of cases in the developing world; S. sonnei causes 77% of cases in
the developed world, compared to only 15% of cases in the developing world; and S.
dysenteriae is usually the cause of epidemics of dysentery, particularly in confined
populations such as refugee camps
Shigella cause dysentery that results in the destruction of the epithelial cells of the
intestinal mucosa in the cecum and rectum. Some strains produce enterotoxin and Shiga
toxin, similar to the verotoxin of E. coli
SYMPTOMS
The most common symptoms are diarrhea, fever, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps,
flatulence, and straining to have a bowel movement. The stool may contain blood,
mucus, or pus (e.g. dysentery). In rare cases, young children may have seizures.
Symptoms can take as long as a week to show up, but most often begin two to four days
after ingestion. Symptoms usually last for several days, but can last for weeks. Shigella
is implicated as one of the pathogenic causes of reactive arthritis worldwide.[5]
NBCT AND HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT
PREVENTIVE
In the sphere of preventive medicine Homoeopathy is well known and most effective in
situations of viral invasions precipitating an array of health problems ranging from
meningitis, encephalitis, viral hepatitis, measles, scarlet fever, chicken-pox, mumps,
diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, aids, viral endocarditis, leptospirosus, viral
pneumonia and so on. The efficiency of Homoeopathic medicines to prevent conditions
created by Bacilli (Tuberculosis, Bacillary Dysentery, Typhoid etc.) and Bacterial
affections is well known. In advanced cases in which it may not be possible to provide a
cure to the patient, most smoothening palliative work is seen undertaken by the selected
Homoeopathic medicine.
A drug capable of producing symptoms similar to an epidemic in vogue can be
administered in dynamic doses to act as preventive, as expounded by Dr. Samuel
Hahnemann, the founder of homoeopathy after extensive trials, which have been
repeatedly verified by his disciples in the past two centuries.
So in the event of an outbreak of an epidemic, it becomes essential and onerous to
find out a suitable similimum is known as Genus Epidemics, which is both curative and
preventive.
* Against Influenza, flu or clod - Influenzinum
* Against Whooping Cough - Pertussin
* Against Smallpox - Variolinum
* Against Mumps - Pilocarpinum or Parotidinum
* Against Mouth and Foot Disease in Animals - Kali Iod.
* Aganist Scarlet fever - Belladonna
* Against Measles - - malandrinum or Morbilinum
* Against Diphtheria - Diptherinum
* Against Tuberculosis - Tuberculinum
* Agaist Syphillis - Syphillinum
* Agaist Gonorrhoea - Medorrhinum
* against hepatitis – Chelidonium
1) VARIOLINUM: Pus from smallpox pustule. A Nosode
Var. has aborted many cases of small-pox, and has proved an efficient preventive
against small-pox contagion and vaccinal infection. G. M. H. (H. W., xxxii. 546) records
this experience: Var. 6 (three pilules) was given to the mother and children of a family,
one of whose members was taken with small-pox and removed to an isolation hospital,
with his mother to nurse him. The patient (who did not receive Var.) was dangerously ill
for a month. Neither the mother who nursed him nor any of the other children took smallpox.
As a preventive of, or protection against, smallpox, it is far superior to crude vaccination
and absolutely safe from the sequelae, especially septic and tubercular infection
General
Used for "internal vaccination." Seems to be efficacious in protecting against, modifying
and aiding in the cure of smallpox.
Head.
Morbid fear of small-pox. Deafness. Pain in occiput. Inflamed eyelids.
Respiratory
Oppressed breathing. Throat feels closed. Cough with thick viscid, bloody mucus.
Feeling of a lump in right side of throat.
Extremities.
EXCRUCIATING BACKACHE. ACHING IN LEGS. Tired all over with restlessness.
Wrists pain. Pains shift from back to abdomen.
Fever.
Hot fever, with intense radiating heat. Profuse, bad-smelling sweat.
Skin.
Hot, dry. Eruption of pustules. SHINGLES.
Relationship.
Compare: VACCIN. (same action); MALANDRINUM — the morbid product of the grease
of the horse (a prophylactic of small-pox and a remedy for the ill-effects of vaccination;
chronic eczema following vaccination).
2) DIPHTHERINUM
Potentized Diphtheritic Virus
Adapted to patients prone to catarrhal affections of respiratory organs, scrofulous
individuals. Diphtheria, laryngeal diphtheria, post-diphtheritic paralysis. Malignancy from
the start. Glands swollen; tongue red, swollen; breath and discharge very offensive.
Diphtheritic; membrane thick, dark. Epistaxis; profound prostration. Swallows without
pain, but fluids are vomited or returned by the nose.
3) ARSENIC ALBUM
Mind.--Great anguish and restlessness. Changes place continually. Fears, of death, of
being left alone. Great fear, with cold sweat. Thinks it useless to take medicine. Suicidal.
Hallucinations of smell and sight. Despair drives him from place to place. Miserly,
malicious, selfish, lacks courage. General sensibility increased (Hep). Sensitive to
disorder and confusion.
Stool.--Small, offensive, dark, with much prostration. Worse at night, and after
eating and drinking; from chilling stomach, alcoholic abuse, spoiled meat.
Dysentery dark, bloody, very offensive. Cholera, with intense agony, prostration,
and burning thirst. Body cold as ice (Verat). Hæmorrhoids burMEDICAL
MANAGEMENT: Ideally, emergency personnel will wear personal
protective equipment, decontaminate the victims immediately, provide medical
support to the victims and provide specific antidotes to counteract the harmful
effects.
Personal protective equipment: First responders to a chemical attack are at
serious risk themselves from the chemically contaminated environment (known
as the hot zone). They can come in direct contact with the CWA or inhale the
vapor. They are also at risk if they handle skin and clothing of victims if a liquid
chemical agent was used. Vapors pose little added risk for anyone outside the
hot zone.
Decontamination: Decontamination is the physical process of removing the
remaining chemicals from people, equipment, and the environment.
 Initial decontamination involves removing all contaminated clothes
and jewelry from the affected person and then washing the body
thoroughly with warm water and soap.
 Hot water and vigorous scrubbing may actually worsen the effects by
increasing chemical absorption into the skin.
 Vapor exposure alone may not require decontamination. But if it is not
known whether the exposure was to a vapor or liquid, or if exposed
people have symptoms, they should undergo decontamination.
Ideally, decontamination will take place as close as possible to the site of exposure to
minimize duration of exposure and prevent further spread. Hospitals receiving
contaminated people may establish an area outside the Emergency Department in which
to perform initial decontamination before people and equipment are allowed entry.
Portable decontamination equipment with showers and run-off water collection systems
are commercially available. All hospitals should have the capacity to safely
decontaminate at least 1 personn like fire; relieved by heat. Skin excoriated about anus.
4) PERTUSSINUM
Coqueluchin
(PERTerrible burning. Induration of cellular tissue, abscess, bubo, and all inflammation
of connective tissue in which there exists a purulent focus.TUSSIN)
Taken from the glairy and stringy mucus containing the virus of whooping-cough.
Introduced by John H. Clarke for the treatment of whooping-cough and other spasmodic
coughs.
Terrible burning. Induration of cellular tissue, abscess, bubo, and all inflammation of
connective tissue in which there exists a purulent focus.
5) MENINGOCOCCINUM
Nisseria meningitides was decovered by weichselbaum in 1887 in cephalo-rachidian
serum of the patient having acute meningitis
It is evident that in acute meningitis ,this remedy is the only help by the side of autoinfective allopathic treatment.
6) BAPTISIA
Baptisia is the most indicated preventive medicine in cases of typhoid.Fever of rapid
onset and rapid course.ador is horrible.very heavy sleep interrupted by frightful
dreams.besotted condition. Answer a word or two. Feels scattered about the bed, tries to
get the piece together.
7) EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUMThis is a medicine indicated in dengue fever where
the most intense symptoms are bone pains
8) OSCILLCOCCINUM
Prepared from duck liver, used as a preventive especially in the elderly or those at the
risk of complication from flu.
9) INFLUENZINUM
Used as a preventive for influenza
10) PERTUSSIN
Nosode of whooping cough (pertssin) and (morbilinum) nosode of measles may act
preventively for the treatment of smallpox, as the diseases themselves are
homoeopathic to smallpox.
11) KALI-CYNATUM
Workman in silver plating factories where kali-cynatum was used in the plating process
were found to be completely protected from smallpox suggesting its used as a
prophylactic
12) MALANDRINUM
Nosode of hoarse grease.
Dry rough skin remaining for years after vaccination.modifies the severe affects of
vaccination if given immediately after vaccination.lower half of the body has greasy skin
with eruption.slow never ending pustules.very effective for prevention of small pox.
13) ANTHRACINUM
when several cases of anthrax appears in a local community anthrax can be considered
a collective epidemic in past epidemic a remedy routinely called for was ARS ALBUM
.anthracinum, a nosode prepared from anthrax eruption could also be used.dr jhar in 40
years of practice encyclopedia homoeopathica describe treating two farmers for anthrax
citing his reservations about using a nosode as opposed to the genus epidemicus
Induration of cellular tissue.sloughiing of black dead hard like dried beef
tissue.gangrene.violent burning pains.
Malignant pustules in carbuncle.
14) PESTINIUM
A nosode prepared from serum of a person infected with plague, can be taken in 30c
daily or weekly for prevention of plague.
15) TARANTULA CUBENSIS
it is useful in septic condition when incubation is slow with atrocious burning and sharp
stinging pains. Board like hardness of the affected part and copious sweat. it is remedy
for pain of death. Bubonic plague as a curative and preventive remedy especially during
the period invasion .restless feet, bluish painful abscess where pain and inflammation
predominates.
16) CHLORUM AQUA
Made from chlorine gas, has a marked action on respiratory system and with spasm of
glottis.
Mental state is note worthy feels he will go crazy, that he would not be able to make a
living .can not remember names of people he sees or if he sees the name can not
remember the person.delerious .fainting with cold sweats .hemorrhages from rectum in
typhus ,blood black coagulated or thin ,smelling like carrion.
17) TETANO-TOXIN
Tetanus vaccine or from cultured chlostridium tetani.in cases where there was more
nerve damage at the time of injury, tetano-toxin is indicated to prevent tetanus.
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
Inveterate bronchial affection
Trismus
Tetanus
Parathyroidian syndromes
Clinical indications are: anaphylactic condition especially after injection of serum, all the
spastic conditions and muscular cramps, tetanus, dysfunction of parathyroid gland.
18) BOTULINUM
Use of this medicine is done on pathological symptoms collected from person
intoxicated.
Expressionless face as if a mask after a paretic state.
Liquid secretions from the nose .great thirst, dysphasia.
Double vision, ptosis, gastric pain retention of urine and stool. Respiratory paresis, of
speech and walk.
Clinical diagnosis: facial paralysis with ptosis with chronic uremia.
19) COLIBACILLINUM
it is prepared from the lysate obtained with the addition of antiseptic from the culture
made out the mixture of several collibacili stock.
Escherichia coli BELONGS TO ENTEROBACTERIAS OF WHICH THERE ARE TWO
groups: escheria and: shigella
RUBRICS IN NBCT
ANXIETY
ANXIETY, DREAMS ON WAKING FROM FRIGHTFUL – ARS, NAT-M, SPONG
ANXIETY, DRIVING FROM PLACE TO PLACE – ARS, AUR, BRY, IOD
ANXIETY, AFTER FRIGHT – CUPR, IGN, KALI-BR, SIL, VERAT
ANXIETY FUTURE ABOUT- ACON, ANCA, BAR-C, BAR-M, BRY, CALC,
CALC-ARS, CAUST, CHIN, CHINS, CIC, CON, DIG, DROS, DULC, FERRP,GELS,GRAPH,IOD,LACH,MUR-AC,NAT-M,NITAC,NUX-V,PHOS,PULS,RHUS,SAB,SPONG,STANN,STAPH,SULPH
ANXIETY, THINKING ABOUT IT FROM – CALC, NIT-AC, STAPH,
ANXIETY WEARY OF LIFE, WITH – AUR, LAQCH, NUX-V, PULS,
DELUSIONS
DELUSIONS,IMAGINATIONS,HALLUCINATIONS,ILLUSIONS –
ACON,AETH,AMBR,ARG –N,ARS,BELL,BAPT,BELL,CALC,CAMPH,CAN-I,CANNSCOCC,CROT-C,CUPR,GLON,HELL,HEP,HYOS,IGN,KALIBR,LACH,LYC,MREC,PETR,PHAC,PSOR,PULS,PLAT,RHUS,SABAD,STAPH,STRAM,SULPH,VALER,ZINC
DELUSION, SEES ACCIDENT – ANAC, ARS
DELUSION, ANXIOUS – ACON, ANAC, PHOS, PULS
DELUSION, ASSAULTED IS GOING TO BE – TAREN,
DELUSION, ATTACKS AND INSULTS, DEFEND THEMSELVES AGAINST
IMAGINARY – LYSSIN
DELUSION, CONTAMINATES EVERYTHING SHE TOUCHES – ARS
DELUSION, CORNER, SEES SOMETHING COMING OUT OF – PHOS
DELUSION, ANIMALS AND FIGURES COMING OUT OF – STRAM
DELUSION, PEOPLE COMING OUT OF SEES – STRAM
DELUSION, CORNERS OF HOUSES PROJECT SO THAT HE FEARS HE WILL RUN
AGAINST THEM WHILE WALKING IN THE STREET – ARG –N
DELUSIN, DANGER IMPRESSION OF – STRAM, VALER
DELUSION, DEVOURED BY ANIMALS, HAD BEEN – HYOS
DELUSION,DIE,HE WAS ABOUT TO – ACON,ARG-N,CHEL,CROC,LACH,NITAC,PLAT,PODO,THUJ,XAN
DELUSION, DISABLED, SHE IS – CIT-V
DELUSION, DISEASE, HE HAS EVERY – AUR-M, STRAM
DELUSION, DYING HE IS – APIS, CANN-I, RHUS, STRAM
DELUSION, EMACIATION OF – NAT-M, SABAD, SULPH, THUJ
DELUSION, FALL, EVERYTHING WILL – ARG-N, AUR, NUX-V
DELUSION, SEES FIGURES – BELL, CALC, HYOS, OPIUM, STRAM, SULPH
DELUSION, FOUL, EVERYTHING APPEARS – CUR
DELUSION, GRIMACES, SEES – OPIUM, STRAM
DELUSION, GROWLING AS OF A BEAR, HEARS – MAR-M
DELUSION, GUN, USES A STICK FOR A – BELL
DELUSION, INANIMATE, OBJECTS ARE PERSONS – BELL, CALC, STRAM
DELUSION, INJURY IS ABOUT TO RECEIVE – BELL, OPIUM, STRAM, SULPH
DELUSION, INJURED, IS BEING – BRY, CANTH, KALI-BR, LYSS, PHOS, RHUS,
STRAM, SULPH
DELUSION, JELLY, THE BODY IS MADE OFF – EUPI.
DELUSION, MELANCHOLY
- AUR, KALI-BR,
DELUSION, MORTIFICATION, AFTER - AUR, PULS
DELUSION, MUTILATED BODIES, SEES - ANT-C, NUX-V, SEP
DELUSION, MYSTERY, EVERYTHING AROUND SEEMS A TERRIFYING –
CANN –
DELUSION, MYSTIC, HALLUCINATION - AETHER
DELUSION, SEES, NEEDLES -
MERC, SIL
CALC, CARB –V, COFF, HYOS,
SULPH, VERAT
DELUSION, NOISE, HEARS -
DELUSION, PAST, OF EVENTS LONG - HYOS, PO
DELUSION, PEOPLE, SEES -
ARS, BELL, BRY, HYOS, MED, PULS,
STRAM, SULPH
DELUSION, BEHIND HIM, SOMEONE IS – BELL, BROM, CALC, LACH, MED,
RUTA, STAPH
DELUSION, PEOPLE.BESIDE HIM ARE - ARS, BELL, CARB-V, NUX-V, THUJ,
VALER
DELUSION, SOLDIERS, SEES DELUSION,THIEVES,SEES -
CHEL
ARN, ARS,BELL,KALI-SIL,LACH,NATM,PHOS,SIL,VERAT,ZINC
DELUSION, THIN, IS GETTING - SULPH
DELUSION, THINK, SHE CANNOT - CHEL
DELUSION, THROAT, SOMEONE WITH ICY-COLD HANDS TOOK HER BY THE
– CANTH
DELUSION, TOES CUT OFF DELUSION, TORMENTED HE IS DELUSION,VISIONS, HAS -
MOSCH
CHIN, LYSS
BELL,CALC-S, CANN-I,CINA,CROT –C
,HEP,HYOS,LACH,NAT-M,NUX-V,OP,PHAC,PULS,SIL,STRAM,SULPH
DELUSION, VOICES, HEARS -
CANN-S, CHAM, CUPR-A, ELAPS, KALI-BR,
PHOS
DELUSION, WAR, BEING AT -
BELL, FERR, HYOS, PLAT, THUJ
FEARS
FEAR, OF ACCIDENTS – CARB-V, IOD, MAG-C, MAG-S
FEAR,OF BEING ALONE – APIS,ARG-N,ARS,CAMPH,CLEM,CON,CROTC,HYOS,KALI-C,KALIP,LYC,LYSS,PHOS,PULS,SEP,STRAM,TARENT,VERA
T,ZINC
FEAR, OF DEATH – ACON,AGN,APIS,ARG-N,ARN,ARS,BELL,BRY,CALC,CALCARS,CANN-I,CIMIC,COCC,CROTC,CYC,DIG,GELS,GRAPH,LAC-C,MERC,MOSCH,NAT-M,NITAC,NUX-V,OP,PHOS,PLAT,PSOR,SPONG,VERAT
FEAR, WHEN ALONE – ARG-N, ARN, ARS, KALI-C, PHOS
FEAR, DESTRUCTION TO ALL NEAR HER, OF IMPENDING – KALI-BR
FEAR, DISASTER OF –
PULS
FEAR,DISEASE, OF IMPENDING – ALUM,ARG-N,BOR,CALC,CALC-AR,KALI-C,LACC,NIT-AC,PHOS,PLAT,PULS,SEP,SPONG
FEAR, CONTAGIOS, EPIDEMIC DISEASES, OF- CALC
FEAR, HURT, OF BEING – ARN, CHIN, HEP, KALI-C, RUTA, SPIG
FEAR, OF, INJECTION – BOR, CALC
FEAR, OF BEING INJURED – STRAM, STRY
FEAR.OF MISFORTUNE –
ANAC,CALC,CAUST,CHINS,CLEM,GRAPH,HELL,MED,NUX-V,PSOR,PULS
FEAR, ORDEALS, OF –
ARG-N, GELS, LYSS, STROPH-H
FEAR, RECOVER, HE WILL NOT – ANT-T, HEP
FEAR, OF SUFFERING-
BRY, CALC, MERC, PIP-M, SPIG
FEAR,OF SUFFOCATION – ACON,ARS,BRY,DIG,KALII,LOB,PHOS,SPIG,SPONG,STAPH,STRAM
FEAR, TROUBLES, OF, IMAGINARY – HYDR-AC
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
1. ARNICA- for injuries blows & shocks. The blackness of a sprained part disappears
with Arnica. Useful in pain in swelling resulting from injury.
2. SYMPHYTUM – helpful in non- union of fractures & its wounds penetrating into
perineum & bones. Also in traumatic injuries of eyes.
3. CALENDULA- For dressing of open wounds & severe lacerations, for bleeding of cuts.
4. CANTHARIS – Burns & their after effects. Prevents blister formation.
5. EUPHRASIA- For burning of eyes
6. ACONITE- After effects of shock.
7. PHOSPHORUS- Is specific for prevention & cure of after effects of atomic radiation.
8. OPIUM- Asphyxia from suffocation.
9. BELLADONNA- Asphyxia from inhalation of carbonic acid gas.
10. LACHESIS- Asphyxia from drowning.
Source:
1) 23rd edition of Short practice of Surgery – Bailey & Loves Page no. 189 – 199.
2) Gems of Modern Homoeopathy by Dr. J.D. Patil & Dr. P.S. Chindak
3) Homoeopathic therapeutics by Dr. Samuel Lilienthal
4) 6th edition Repertory of Homoeopatic materia medica – Dr.J.T. Kent
5) Clinical materia medica – by Dr. E.A. Farrington
. References:

Casarett, A.P. Radiation biology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.; 1968:
191-195.

International Commission on Radiological Protection. A review of the
radiosensitivity of the tissues in bone. Oxford: Pergamon Press; ICRP Publication
11; 1968.

International Commission on Radiological Protection. Nonstochastic effects of
ionizing radiation. Oxford: Pergamon Press; ICRP Publication 41: 22-25; 1984.

Till, J.E.; Meyer, H.R. Radiological assessment—A textbook on environmental
dose analysis. Washington, DC: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission;
NUREG/CR- 3332, ORNL-5968; 1983: 7.3.5.1.
C.E. Roessler, Ph.D., CHP