Case Studies Final Review, 6-10
Chapter 6-Myocardial Infarction
Objective 1 (1 Question)
Heart
1. Chambers
2. Pathway of blood flow
3. Coronary Blood supply
4. Conduction System
Objective 2 (1 Question)
Angina
Myocardial Infarction
Objective 4 (1 Question)
Define:
1. Ischemia
2. Arteriosclerosis
3. Angina
4. Hypertension
5. Cholesterol & Plaque formation
Objective 5 (1 Question)
Know the physiologic/pathophysiologic sequence that leads to an Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
Objective 6 (1 Question)
Know the critical roles and treatment responsibilities of Paramedic or EMT when dealing with an AMI
Objective 7 (1 Question)
Know the symptoms of an AMI
Objective 8 (1 Question)
Describe the information that the following tests provide when dealing with AMI
1. Electrocardiogram
2. Echocardiogram
3. Creatine Kinase (CPK-MB), LDH isoenzymes, troponin-1
Objective 9 (1 Question)
Define the following in relation to treating or preventing an AMI
1. Angiogram
2. Angioplasty
3. Coronary Bypass Surgery
4. Beta Blockers
5. Thrombolytics (i.e. Heparin, Streptokinase)
6. Aspirin
Objective 10 (1 Question)
Describe the roles the health professionals provide in caring for AMI
1. EMT/Paramedics
2. Clinical Laboratory Personnel
3. ER Physician
4. Critical Care and Coronary Care nurses
5. Radiologic Technologists & Cardiovascular Technologists
6. Family Physician
Objective 12 (1 Question)
Know contributing factors that lead to a first heart attack.
Know lifestyle changes that need to be made to prevent future heart attack
Chapter 7-Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Objective 1 (2 Questions)
Blood
1. Functions
2. Components (Plasma & Formed Elements)
3. 5 Types of WBC’s and their functions
4. Differentiate between granular and agranular WBC’s
5. Origin & Development of Blood Cells
6. Hematopoiesis
7. Pluipotent Stem Cells, Myeloid Stem Cells, Lymphoid Stem Cells, Blasts
8. Know cells that come from the Myeloid line & the Lymphoid Line
9. Pathological Conditions of low WBC Counts & High Counts: Table 19.2 (pg. 7-7)
10. Percentage of each type of WBC in the blood: Table 19.3 (pg. 7-8)
Objective 2 (2 Questions)
Define the Following:
1. Anemia
2. Leukopenia
3. Leukocytosis
4. Lymphoblast
5. Thrombocyte
6. Blasts
7. Blood-Brain Barrier
8. Hypercellularity
9. Meninges
10. Pneumonia
11. Pus
12. Petechiae
13. Remission
14. Upper-Lobe Infiltrate
15. Transfusion
16. Cytochemical Stains
17. Immunologic Marker Studies
Objective 3 (1 Question)
Define the Following:
1. CBC
2. WBC
3. RBC
4. Hb
5. Hct
6. Platelets
Know pathological conditions that may cause an elevated WBC count
Objective 4 (1 Question)
For the following:
>Throat Culture
>Bone Marrow Aspirate
>Lumbar Puncture
>Chest X-Ray
1. Define the Principle of the Test
2. Describe when the test is indicated
3. Describe how the test is performed
4. Summarize the diseases that can be diagnosed by the test
Objective 5 (1 Question)
Define the two groups of bacteria differentiated by a gram stain
Why is a gram stain an important first step in identification of pathogens?
Objective 6 (1 Question)
Leukemia
1. List the 4 major types
2. Predominant age groups for each type
3. Difference between Lymphocytic and Myeloid
4. Difference between Acute and Chronic
5. How are Acute and Chronic treated?
6. Risk Factors of leukemia
7. Symptoms of Leukemia
8. Procedures used to diagnose
Objective 7 (1 Question)
Treatments
1. Chemotherapy
2. Radiation
3. Bone Marrow Transplant
Objective 8 (1 Question)
Role of the health professional relating to leukemia:
1. Physician (Oncologist, Pathologist, Radiologist)
2. Clinical Laboratory Scientist
3. Registered Nurse
4. Radiology Technician
5. Respiratory Therapist
Chapter 8-Food Poisoning
Objective 1 (1 Question)
Functions of Digestive System
Digestive Tract pathway
Protective mechanisms against pathogens
Objective 2 (1 Question)
Define the following:
1. Normal Flora
2. Commensalism
3. Mutualism
4. Parasitism
5. Microbial Competition
Describe the Normal Flora found in the digestive system
What parts of the digestive system are normally inhabited by microorganisms?
Objective 3 (1 Question)
Differentiate between bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins in terms of:
1. Gram-stain classification of organisms producing each type
2. Location in cell
3. Toxicity
4. Effects on tissues
5. Fever Production
6. Neurotoxins and Enterotoxins
7. Examples of Diseases caused by each
Objective 4 (1 Question)
Define intoxication as it pertains to Bacterial Food poisoning
Objective 5 (1 Question)
Clinical uses of Botulinum Toxin
Objective 6 (1 Question)
Causes of Gastroenteritis
Objective 8 (1 Question)
Symptoms of Salmonella
Objective 9 (1 Question)
Tests used to determine bacterial food poisoning
Objective 10 (1 Question)
Define dehydration as related to food poisoning.
Tests to indicate dehydration
Conditions that may result from Dehydration
Objective 11 (1 Question)
Treatments for food poisoning and dehydration
Chapter 9-Hepatitis
Objective 1 (1 Question)
Liver
1. Structure
2. Functions
3. Location
4. Pathway of Bile flow
5. Function of Bile
6. Venous blood flow to and from liver
Objective 2 (1 Question)
Describe Jaundice
1. Definition
2. Bilirubin and where it comes from
3. Cause of jaundice in Hepatitis
Objective 3 (1 Question)
Virus
1. Definition
2. Parts of a Virion, Identify on a diagram
3. Steps of Viral Replication
4. 2 methods a virus is released from a host cell
Objective 7 (1 Question)
Prevention of Hepatitis A, B, & C
Objective 8 (1 Question)
Treatment of Hepatitis A, B, & C
Objective 9 (1 Question)
Define the following:
1. ALT
2. ALP
3. AST
4. Bilirubin
5. Albumin
6. Total Protein
Objective 10 (1 Question)
Define dehydration
Signs of moderate and severe dehydration
Treatment
Objective 11 (1 Question)
Diagnostic Screening methods
1. Anti-HAV IgM
2. Anti-HAC IgG
3. HBsAg
4. AntiHBsAb
5. Anti-HBc IgG
6. Anti-HBc IgM
7. Anti-HCV
Chapter 10-Acute Renal Failure
Objective 1 (1 Question)
Be able to identify on a graphic:
1. Renal Artery
2. Renal Vein
3. Kidney
4. Ureter
5. Urinary Bladder
6. Urethra
Objective 2 (1 Question)
Define the functions of the Urinary System
Objective 5 (1 Question)
Define as related to the nephron:
1. Filtration
2. Reabsorption
3. Secretion
Objective 6 (1 Question)
Differentiate between substances that will pass through the glomerulus and what won’t
Objective 7 (1 Question)
Define the three forces contributing to glomerular filtration rate
Objective 8 (1 Question)
Define:
1. Azotemia
2. Hypervolemia
3. Uremia
4. Metabolic Acidosis
5. Edema
6. Oliguria
Objective 9 (1 Question)
Differentiate between the three types of Acute Renal Failure and define possible causes of each
Objective 10 (1 Question)
Define Acute Tubular Necrosis
List Possible Causes
Objective 11 (1 Question)
Discuss the following tests, what information does each provide:
1. Urinalysis
2. Creatinine
3. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
4. Glomerular Filtration Rate
5. Electrolyte Values
Objective 16 (1 Question)
Possible approaches to treating a patient with:
1. Early Renal Failure
2. Advanced Renal Failure