5th-6th LEVELED READER - CIVIL WAR UNIT BULL RUN by PAUL FLEISCHMAN (TE) SYNOPSIS: There are sixteen main characters in the book, Bull Run, eight from the North and eight from the South. Each on has some connection to the Battle of First Bull Run/ First Manassas. They are people of differing age, gender, color and background. Each character relates experiences in the first person, from his/her own point of view. The result is much like a diary or journal. The reality of the war and the impact on the lives of these people, and of hundreds or thousands more, is brought to the reader. ESSENTIALS: As the leveled reader, 5th and 6th grade students will be working independent or in small groups to do reading activities. Teacher lead discussion questions for each chapter are available on pages . The main activities for students using this book are as follows: 15 days of readings and a closure day Vocabulary awareness for each day with weekly Quia sites Questions to assess student thinking and comprehension Author’s Craft to highlight during reading Graphic Organizers to help clarify thinking As the instructor, please take time each day to go over the material students will be using and discussion questions. VOCABULARY: (Numbers in parentheses represent page numbers) Vocabulary sheets and Quia sites (one for each week) are available for each day’s vocabulary. Teacher’s editions follow student pages. QUESTIONS/ PREDICTIONS: Question sheets provide students with questions from various Bloom’s Taxonomy levels. Many sheets direct students to make predictions. AUTHOR’S CRAFT/GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS: Visual representations of how the ideas in the book are related to each other and techniques the author uses to enhance readers enjoyment are presented throughout the 16 days of this study unit. 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION (TE) THE CIVIL WAR The Civil War was fought from 1861-1865. It is also known as the War between and States and the War of Secession. The conflicts between the North and South had their beginnings long before the firing on Fort Sumter in April 1861. The differences between the two regions developed over generations as ways of living and thinking took on a distinctive flavor in each section of the country. ECONOMY IDEAS WAYS OF LIFE NORTH Mixed including agrarian and manufacturing Puritan ethnic Individualism Individual effort Developing small businesses GEOGRAPHY Cooler climate Rocky soil favored growth of cities POPULATION 22 million IDEAS ON Favored primacy of federal rule STATE’S RIGHTS POLITICS New Republican Party emerged SOUTH Agrarian Paternal Plantation system Plantation Agricultural economy based on slave labor Warm climate Fertile soil 9 million Favored state’s rights New country formed Added to these economic concerns was the debate over the institution of slavery. Northerners, especially the Abolitionists, believed that it was morally wrong for any human being to own another as property. Southerners defended slavery by pointing out that slaves were often treated better than factory workers in northern cities. The country seemed able to live with these differences until slavery became an issue in new territories and states. Southerners saw their power slowly eroding. When Lincoln, a northerner, became President, eleven states seceded from the Union to form the Confederacy with Jefferson Davis as president. Now the issue facing America was not only whether slavery should be allowed, but also whether states could leave the Union if they disagreed with government policy. Determined to preserve the Union, Lincoln ordered food and supplies sent to Union soldiers at Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina precipitating the conflict that was later recognized as the start of the Civil War. MAJOR CAUSES _Preservation of slavery _State’s rights _Agricultural way of life versus manufacturing _Disposition of western lands DIFFICULTIES _Terrain _Poor control of troops _Poor food and clothing _Length of the war _Brother vs. brother (family against family) RESULTS _620,000 soldiers died _Destruction of South and southern way of life _End of Slavery _Preservation of Union 2 FIRST BATTLE OF MANASSAS – BULL RUN The battle of Manassas (First Bull Run) occurred on July 21, 1861, in Virginia. The Union troops referred to this battle as Bull Run, while the Confederates referred to this battle as Manassas (Junction). Manassas was the valley that the men were in and Bull Run was a stream running through the valley. The names are synonymous with one another. General Irwin McDowell, commander of the Union Army, had 35,000 troops under his command when he proceeded on a mission to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. Most of the men in McDowell’s ranks were green, which meant that they were ill-trained and inexperienced and that none of them knew the magnitude of the task that faced them. These troops were ninety-day volunteers summoned by President Abraham Lincoln after the startling news of the loss of Fort Sumter. Facing McDowell was a Confederate force of about 22,000 men commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard. Beauregard held a position at an outpost called Manassas Junction, by a stream known as Bull Run. General Joseph Johnston had been ordered by President Jefferson Davis to take his troops to Manassas on July 17, 1861, to augment Beauregard’s troops. Johnson’s troops joined those of Thomas Jackson at Manassas on July 20, 1861. The biggest problems in this battle, besides Union commanders disobeying McDowell’s orders, were the multicolored uniforms in both of the armies. These different colors were dangerous. Since the start of the Civil War, everyone had been in a hurry. Organization and winning were the two key points for both sides this early in the war. Soldiers were asked by their respective sides to show up in whatever they had and get ready to fight. This resulted in men wearing a wide variety of different clothes which confused both sides. Soldiers happened to shoot one another because they could not figure out what side they were on. The Union Army lost this battle at Bull Run, but it was considered to be a wake-up call for the Union and for President Lincoln. Lincoln realized that this was not going to be a ninety-day war. The significance of the Battle of Manassas was that of a learning experience. Both Lincoln and Davis knew that there was a need for much more training and preparation. The men that had fought in the First Bull Run were under trained and poorly disciplined. The Confederates listed 387 dead, 1582 wounded, 1312 missing. The Union listed 470 dead, 1071 wounded, 1793 missing. (Figures vary slightly according to source.) 3 DAILY LESSON PLANS FOR BULL RUN (BR) DAY 1 Introductory activities Stud. Wk. p. 5,7 TE, p. 6 DAY 2 BR Pages 1-8 Student Work, p. 8,9 TE, p. 10 DAY 3 BR Pages 9-16 Student Work, p. 11,12 TE, p. 13 DAY 4 BR Pages 17-24 Student Work, p. 14,15,16 TE, p. 17,18 DAY 5 BR Pages 25-32 Student Work, p. 19,20 TE, p. 21 DAY 6 BR Pages 33-40 Student Work, p. 22,23 TE, p. 24 DAY 7 BR Pages 41-48 Student Work, p. 25,26 TE, p. 27,28 DAY 8 BR Pages 49-56 Student Work, p. 29,30,31 TE, p. 32 DAY 9 BR Pages 57-64 Student Work, p. 33,34 TE, p. 35 DAY 10 BR Pages 65-71 Student Work, p. 36,37 TE, p. 38 DAY 11 BR Pages 72-78 Student Work, p. 39,40 TE, p. 41,42 DAY 12 BR Pages 79-85 Student Work, p.43,44,45 TE, p. 46,47 DAY 13 BR Pages 86-91 Student Work, p. 48,49 TE, p. 50 DAY 14 BR Pages 92-95 Student Work, p. 51, 52 TE, p. 53 DAY 15 BR Pages 96-102 Student Work, p. 54,55,56 TE, p. 57 DAY 16 Closure Activities Stud. Wk. p. 58,59 TEST,pgs. 60-66 TE, pg.67 Bull Run is written with sixteen main characters, each having their own voice. A Graphic Organizer may help students “see” the characters more clearly. The GO on page 5 will help the student jot down important information about each character and make predictions about what will happen next. (Students will need four copies to cover all the characters.) 4 GRAPHIC ORGANIZER – CHARACTER CHART Name Northern or Southern Description of character Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: Page Number: What is happening? What will happen next? What is happening? What will happen next? What is happening? What will happen next? What is happening? What will happen next? 5 ACROSS FIVE APRILS by IRENE HUNT DAY 1 – INTRODUCTION TO BOOK (TE) CONNECT: Have a couple of students stage a verbal argument over the rules of a game played at recess or PE. Have them really get into it; each defending his point of view. Each emphasizing that this could affect how the game is played for the rest of the year. Keep it going until other classmates start to take sides. ATTEND: Talk to the students about their feelings. Note there were classmates animatedly for each persons view point, however, others could see both sides and had a difficult time choosing where to stand. Explain that our classrooms are often like a big family. Member of a family each have their own thoughts, feelings, and ways of dealing with conflict. Especially emphasis points-of-view. IMAGINE “Think about a time when you disagreed with a family member or a close friend about an important matter. Think about the issue you were disagreeing about. How did you try to convince the other person to see your point of view? What happened? ” After students have had some time to think about what happened with their family, you may wish the students to discuss what the following words mean and how they relate : determination, opinions decisions effects on others in the family, especially younger siblings INFORM, PRACTICE Hand out copies of the book to the students. Ask them NOT to open the book, ONLY look at outside for now. Have students study the cover, consider the title, and read together the synopsis on the back. Invite students to discuss what you have read and complete together the Book Clue Search chart (page 5). You may wish to post predictions on chart paper. INFORM, PRACTICE, EXTEND As you read Bull Run together over the next four weeks, students will see many similarities to their own families and the turmoil that affects their lives. They will also learn more about the Civil in America, the need to allow each person to follow their own convictions and the need for tolerance, acceptance and love. REFINE, PERFORM After the book is completed, a day will be given to bringing closure to this text. Activities will help refine what has been studied and celebrate the completion of the text. 6 BULL RUN by PAUL FLEISCHMAN DAY 1 BOOK CLUE SEARCH INFORMATION SOURCE INFORMATION PROVIDED Title Cover Teasers on the Cover Reviewers’ Recommendations/ Awards Won Teacher’s Introduction Predictions about the book: 7 VOCABULARY – Bull Run, – pages 1-8 www.quia.com/jg/1129367.html 1 constellations (1) 2 fuses (1) 3 caliper (1) 4 illumination (1) 5 appreciative (1) 6 allegiance (2) 7 melancholy (2) 8 discern (2) 9 scarce (2) 10 switches (3) 11 spectacles (3) 12 level (4) 13 railed (4) 14 wayfarers (5) 15 forlorn (5) 16 sovereign (6) 17 secede (6) 18 brethren (7) 19 vulnerable (7) 20 enterprise (8) 8 Questions & Quotes Bull Run, – pages 1-8 INQUIRY 1 Why does Colonel Brattle feel melancholy while watching shells being fired upon Fort Sumter? 2 What news shakes Crow County, Minnesota? 3 What impact does the news have? 4 Why do you think Patrick Malloy took his father’s spectacles along when he left home? 5 What does Shem Suggs see in the newspaper that interests him? 6 What is offered to those who join the Confederate cavalry? 7 Why is the meeting of Gideon Adams and his brethren canceled? RESPONSE 9 Answer Key and Discussion Leads Bull Run, – pages 1-8 (TE) (*inappropriate word on page 8) Vocabulary Definitions constellations (1)- group of stars fuses (1) – a cord leading to an explosive that is ignited caliper (1) – measuring instrument for cylindrical (circular) objects illumination (1) – lightening, brightening appreciative (1) – thankful, grateful allegiance (2) – loyalty to ruler or state melancholy (2) – feeling thoughtful and gently sad discern (2) – perceive, detect scarce (3) – rarely occurring switches (3) – slender flexible whips Questions -Answers: 1) He is remembering previous battles and what shells do to the flesh of a human body. 2) Fort Sumter had been attacked. Soldiers had surrendered. 3) A regiment of 1000 soldiers was being raised in Minnesota. 4) Answers will vary. 5) Shem sees the picture of a horse. 6) Anyone joining the cavalry will be given a horse. 7) The meeting is cancelled for fear of inviting mob violence. Colonel Oliver Brattle: Why do you think others “brought baskets of food to the rooftops and raised glasses in toasts…? Lily Malloy: The Malloys hear the Reverend Bott rile against the Rebels. His sermon’s subject is , “A Man’s worst foes are those of his own household.” What do you think the Reverend meant. Shem Suggs: Why do you think Shem would be interested in the horse? Gideon Adams: Why do you think one person tells Gideon, “It’s a white man’s war!”? What is your explanation and opinion of this remark? What is a narrator? (The person who tells a story) Who is the narrator of this story? The angle from which the narrator tells the story is called the point of view. The three common points of view are: a) First Person: Narration of the story by a character who uses the pronoun “I” in referring to himself. (Bull Run is written from the First Person point of view.) b) Omniscient: The narration of a story as though by an allknowing observer who can see into the minds of all the characters. c) Omniscient Third Person: The narrator is all-observing, but limits himself primarily to what one of the characters can know and experience. Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Discussion: Author’s Craft Narrator spectacles (3) – eyeglasses lever (4) – a rigid bar used for leverage to move or lift a load railed (4) – criticized harshly, berated wayfarer (5) – travelers forlorn (5) – inconsolable, hopeless sovereign (6) – self-governing and not ruled by other states secede (6) – to make a formal withdrawal from an alliance brethren (7) – members of same group vulnerable (7) – defenseless, open for attack enterprise (8) – a daring project that involves confidence and initiative 10 VOCABULARY – Bull Run, – pages 9-16 www.quia.com/jg/1129367.html 1 nonilluminators (9) 2 geysers (11) 3 naught (11) 4 disembarked (12) 5 vulgarities (12) 6 despairing (15) 7 resign (15) 8 fray (15) 9 infirmities (16) 11 Questions & Quotes Bull Run, – pages 9-16 INQUIRY 1 Why do Flora Wheelworth’s three daughters and their families come to visit? 2 What do women cut off their clothes to give to the departing as keepsakes? Do you think these people have a realistic view of the war? Why or why not? 3 Why does the New York Illustrated News send a sketch artist to the conflict? 4 What happens to the regiment he was with when he got to Baltimore? 5 Why does Toby Boyce want to join the Confederate Army? 6 What is the “miracle” that Toby sees? 7 What does Gideon do to deceive the Union recruiter? Why? What manner of service does Gideon want? RESPONSE 12 Answer Key and Discussion Leads Bull Run, – pages 9-16 (TE) Vocabulary Definitions: nonilluminators (9)- those who did not put candles in the window to indicate their “joy at joining the Confederacy”. geysers (11) – jets of cold water rising into the air naught (11) – nothing disembarked (12) – got off transportation vulgarities (12) – something crude or indecent despairing (15) – hopeless, desolate resign (15) – accept something reluctantly fray (15) – fight, conflict , battle infirmities (16) – any medical condition that causes a lack of strength or vitality QuestionsAnswers: 1) Flora’s daughters are getting their husbands ready to fight and sending them off at the train station near their mother’s home. 2) buttons; Second question - answers will vary. 3) He is to send drawings to the newspaper, so that the readers have views of the war as if they were there. 4) The regiment is attacked by a crowd. Baltimore is a confederate city. 5) He was eleven years old and desperate to kill a Yankee before the supply ran out. 6) Toby sees the recruiter open his eyes after Toby’s playing of the fife and then hears the recruiter tell him to keep practicing. 7) He clips his hair short and wears a bigger hat to cover his curly hair. 2nd ? – Answers will vary. 3rd ? – Gideon wants to be an infantry soldier. Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Flora Wheelworth: (Art Project) – Have students design buttons on small paper plates that would be a memorable keepsake. James Dacy: Why is Dacy unable to draw this incident? (He is too angry.) What do you think causes his anger? Toby Boyce: What do you think the recruiter means when he tells Toby he has spirit, boldness, and pluck? Gideon Adams: What is Gideon ‘s pay and the length of his enlistment? What is your opinion of using deception to achieve a goal? Does the end justify the means? Discussion: Language Study Colloquial language is informal speech that is typical of a particular region. Discuss what each expression means: 1) Horses have always served me for kin. (family) 2) You’re thinking to scamper off. (Leave and join troops) 3) “You’re a knee baby yet”. (too young, small child) 13 VOCABULARY – Bull Run, – pages 17-24 www.quia.com/jg/1129367.html 1 reveler (20) 2 regulation (21) 14 Questions & Quotes Bull Run, – pages 17-24 INQUIRY 1 Which character sees a locomotive for the first time in his life? 2 What is the attitude of the Confederate soldiers on the train? 3 How does the attitude of the Confederate soldiers compare with the attitude of Gideon’s recruiter? 4 What does Nathaniel Epp photograph that provides a steady income for him? 5 Why is Shem given a horse to ride? What is the name of the horse? 6 What are some things that make Dietrich Herz’s regiment unique? 7 What does Herz find in the shirt sent by the Soldiers’ Aid Society? RESPONSE 15 Journal – Week One Bull Run Write about a time when you or a good friend had to leave the neighborhood you called home. Tell the reason for the departure and whether the friendship withstood the separation. ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 16 Answer Key and Discussion Leads Bull Run, – pages 17-24 (TE) Vocabulary Definitions: reveler (20) – somebody enjoying a noisy party or celebration regulation (21) - an official rule, law, or order stating how something must be done QuestionsAnswers: 1) Virgil Peavey. 2) They all felt that the war would soon be over, “it was as good as won”. 3) The recruiter is from the North, the soldiers are from the South, yet both felt that the war would end quickly with their side winning. 4) Ebb photographs a Swedish soldier who is shot during the development of the photograph. The resultant picture is a double photograph of the soldier standing and also falling to his death. 5) A man had just died from measles and they gave him the dead man’s horse. The horse’s name is Greta. 6) Commands are shouted out in German, sausage and sauerkraut are cooked in the evening. beer is drunk with each meal, and they have finest band in camp. 7) There is a photograph of the head of a woman and a note that states, “I fear I will take my own life.” Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Virgil Peavey: Do these remarks made by opposing soldiers seem realistic? What is your opinion? Nathaniel Epp: How do you feel about Nathaniel ‘s deception of photographing a ‘’human soul”? Shem Suggs: Do you think Shem might have been given a horse before others in the Company? Why or Why not? Dietrich Herz: Why do you think the woman put these things in the shirt? Discussion: Author’s Craft Character Ten characters are introduced in the first 24 pages of the book. Begin to list them, identify their physical and special characteristics. In addition to the chart on page 5, you may wish to assign one character to a child or pair of children and complete the chart on page 16 (or similar graphic organizer) as much as possible as the character reappears in the book. Page 104 in the text states what pages each character is on. 17 CHARACTER ANALYSIS SHEET Character’s Voice What the character says: Character’s Voice What the words show: Character’s Deeds What the character does: Character’s Deeds What the actions show: Character’s Thoughts and Feelings What the character thinks and feels: Character’s Thoughts and Feelings What the thoughts and feelings show: Character’s Looks Hair Color Eye Color Age Height Distinguishing features: What Others Say about the Character Character’s Looks Similarities to me: Differences: What We Learn About the Character From Them 18 VOCABULARY – Bull Run, – pages 25-32 www.quia.com/jg/1129923.html 1 amid (25) 2 mock (25) 3 striven (25) 4 entrusted (27) 5 vile (28) 6 profiteers (28) 7 replenished (28) 8 affected (28) 9 bustle (30) 10 render (31) 11 penchant (31) 12 mayhem (31) 13 foreboding (32) 19 Questions & Quotes Bull Run – pages 25-32 INQUIRY 1 RESPONSE What is the task of Dr. William Rye? 2 The doctor has a difficult task, even before the battle. Why? 3 Patrick Malloy writes to his family. How well-supplied are the men from Minnesota? 4 How long does Toby practice before leaving Grandpap to join the regiment’s band? 5 How is Toby feeling about army band life after five weeks? 6 Do you think Toby will stay or go home? Why 7 What scene is seen by James Dacy that fills him with foreboding? PREDICTION: 20 Answer Key and Discussion Leads Bull Run, – pages 25-32 (TE) Vocabulary Definitions: amid (25) – surrounded by things or people mock (25) – to treat somebody with scorn or contempt striven (25) – to try hard to achieve or get something entrusted (27) – to give something to another to be responsible for vile (28) – disgusting, worthless profiteers (28) – somebody who makes excessive profits by charging high prices for scarce, necessary, or rationed goods replenished (28) – to restock depleted items or material affected (28) – influenced by something or somebody bustle (30) – to work or do something in a hurried and energetic way render (31) – to give help or provide a service penchant (31) – a strong liking, taste, or tendency for something mayhem (32) – absolute chaos or severe disruption foreboding (32) – a feeling that something bad is going to happen Question Answers: 1) Dr. Rye is assigned to keep the 1000 men in the North Carolina regiment healthy. 2) This is difficult because the soldiers are infected with vermin. Food is cooked in rancid grease, Measles, typhoid, dysentery and diarrhea are common ailments. 3) The uniforms dissolve in the first hard rain, and the men march with cornstalks because they have no guns. 4) Toby leaves after practicing for one week. 5) He is not comfortable with the way the men act. It is not like the Christian life he has known and he wishes he had not left home. 6) Answers will vary. 7) Dacy sees a Union officer reading a book. The officer reads and then practices shouting orders to the trees. Dr. William Rye: Do you think this is the only regiment with such problems? Why or Why not? Lily Malloy: What do you think about the situation that Patrick has got himself into? Toby Boyce: What do you think Grandpap might advise Toby to do? James Dacy: Why do you think this scene would cause Dacy to be filled with foreboding? Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Discussion: Author’s Craft – Tone Tone is the author’s emotional attitude as presented in the story. The author shares his characters’ mood and the moods are reflected in the environment and in the author’s choice of details in presenting the facts. Help students reflect on the Tone implied by the various characters in Bull Run. 21 VOCABULARY – Bull Run – pages 33-40 www.quia.com/jg/1129923.html 1 skulked (33) 2 courier (34) 3 irksome (37) 4 prostrate (38) 22 Questions & Quotes Bull Run – pages 33-40 INQUIRY 1 What incident is seen by Judah Jenkins that causes him to join the Confederates as a courier? 2 What is General McDowell’s most worrisome problem that he dare not complain of in public? 3 What does Flora Wheelworth organize? Why? 4 What does Gideon find out about some of the soldiers in his company? 5 Why is it that Gideon gathers so much personal information about some of the men in his company? 6 Why do you think that Gideon ends the private’s letter with such a rude ending? RESPONSE 23 Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE) Bull Run – pages 33-40 (*inappropriate language page 40) Vocabulary Definitions: skulked (33) – to move about quietly as for a sinister purpose courier (34) – one who is responsible for carrying and delivering official documents irksome (37) – slightly annoying prostrate (38) – to lie flat on the face Question Answers: 1) Judah sees Mr. Jackson, the owner of the local hotel, killed by a Union soldier “for the crime of defending his property”. 2) Even though he had been made brigadier general in command of an army of thirty thousand, he had seldom led more than a hundred men. 3) Flora organized a Soldiers’ Friend League because she did not like to be idle. 4) Gideon finds that most of the soldiers in his company are fighting against secession, not against slavery. 5) Unlike many of the men, Gideon is able to read and write. He is often asked to write letters for those who cannot do it for themselves. 6) Answers will vary. Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Judah Jenkins: What do you think the duties of a courier might be in 1861? General Irvin McDowell: Who would you have put in charge of the Army of the Potomac? Why? Flora Wheelworth: What do you think this league might be called at the present time? Gideon Adams: What do you think the reaction will be on the part of the recipient of the letter that Gideon wrote for the private? Discussion: Author’s CraftIrony Irony refers to an incident that turns out to be the opposite of what is expected. Point out the irony or both sides feeling like the war was going to be short and they were going to be the victors. Point out the irony of Gideon Adam’s education in regard to others in his troop. 24 VOCABULARY – Bull Run – pages 41-48 www.quia.com/jg/1129923.html 1 advise (41) 2 strategy (41) 3 offensive (41) 4 defensive (41) 5 meandering (41) 6 terrain (41) 7 allure (41) 8 standards (43) 9 traipse (47) 10 rebuked (47) 25 Questions & Quotes Bull Run – pages 41-48 INQUIRY 1 Colonel Brattle joins the staff of what Confederate general? What is the colonel’s role? 2 Whom does General Beauregard compare himself to? 3 What is the mood of the troops as they march from Washington towards Centreville? 4 What did the men do that they might regret later? 5 A.T. Tilbury’s regiment leaves Washington to join the troops 25 miles away. The men travel 6 miles the first day. If they keep that rate, how long will it take? 6 Why does slave Carlotta King charge her plans to escape from her master? 7 Nathaniel Epp follows the army to Centreville. Why does the line of men wanting to have their portraits taken suddenly grow longer? RESPONSE 26 Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE) Bull Run – pages 41-48 Vocabulary Definitions: Question Answers: Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Discussion: Story Map advice (41) – somebody’s opinion about what another person should do strategy (41) – a carefully devised plan of action to achieve a goal offensive (41) – causing anger, resentment, or moral outrage defensive (41) – designed or intended for protection or defense meandering (41) – to follow an indirect, twisting route terrain (41) – land or countryside crossed for military purposes allure (41) – an highly attractive or tempting quality standards (43) – level of quality or excellence traipse (47) – to walk around casually or without purpose rebuked (47) – to criticize or reprimand somebody, usually sharply 1) Colonel Brattle joins the staff of General Beauregard. He is to advise the general on strategy. 2) General Beauregard compares himself with Napoleon. 3) Tilbury relates that the men really didn’t march, they acted more like they were on a picnic rambled; stopping often. 4) The men weren’t accustomed to marching any distance, so they started to lighten their packs. 5) Approximately three more days, four days total. 6) Another slave told her that those that made it to the other side were handed back to their owners by the Yankees. 7) Some of the regiments go to Bull Run and are driven back by the Rebels. The evacuation or the wounded makes the men realize that they might die. Colonel Oliver Brattle: Does Colonel Brattle agree with General Beauregard’s comparison? Why or Why not? A. B. Tilbury: Why do you think the men will regret later lightening their packs? Carlotta King: Do you think that Carlotta King received accurate information from the other slave? Why or why not? Nathaniel Epp: Why do you think it has taken so long for the men to realize that they could die in this war? A Story Map is an outline that helps you to understand and remember the story better. Guide students to remember details of what the story has covered so far using a graphic organizer similar to the one found on page 30? This would be extremely difficult for the students to do alone with so many characters represented. You may wish to focus on one vivid character like: Shem Suggs. STORY MAP 27 Setting: Characters: Problem: Event 1: Event 2: Event 3: Event 4: Solution or Conclusion: 28 VOCABULARY – Bull Run – pages 49-56 www.quia.com/jg/1129923.html 1 larruped (50) 2 commissary (51) 3 squandered (51) 4 uncivilized (53) 29 Questions & Quotes Bull Run – pages 49-56 INQUIRY 1 Virgil Peavey joins General Bee’s brigade traveling by train. What pact does Virgil make with his friend Tuck? 2 Do you think this is a good pact? Why or why not? 3 Why does General McDowell have to revise the date of the Union’s attack on Beauregard? 4 Does this delay have an impact on the troop strength? 5 What does Shem promise himself if he should live through the war? Why? 6 At what time are the Union troops awakened on Sunday morning? Why? Where and when is the first cannon ball fired? 7 What is Flora Wheelworth doing on Sunday morning? RESPONSE Journal – Week Two 30 Bull Run Patrick Malloy learns a game called baseball. From the brief description on page 28, describe how you think the game was played back then (You may also do research). How has it changed? ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 31 Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE) Bull Run – pages 49-56 Vocabulary Definitions: larruped (50) – to beat or flog a person or animal commissary (51) – a wagon that brought in groceries for military use squandered (51) – to spend or use something precious in a wasteful manner uncivilized (53) – existing in a condition or behaving in ways that are not socially or culturally acceptable Question Answers: 1) Virgil and Tuck promise to stay side by side when the fighting begins. 2) Answers will vary. 3) He finds out that the army is out of food. He has to wait for the commissary wagons to arrive. 4) Yes, it has an impact, because some of the men’s term of service comes to an end before the time of the attack. The men plan to return home. 5) Shem promises himself that he will learn to read. He wants to finish Gulliver’s Travels. 6) The troops are awakened at two o’clock on Sunday morning. They are going to attack the Confederate troops. The first cannon ball is fired at Bull Run at six 0’clock in the morning. 7) She is praying. Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Virgil Peavey: Do you think that Virgil and Tuck can keep their promise to each other? What might happen? General Irvin McDowell: What is your opinion of the decision made by some of the men? Shem Suggs: What book would you recommend to Shem? Why? Gideon Adams: Do you think there were any civilians in the area at the time of the first cannon fire? Flora Wheelworth: What clues do you have that Flora Wheelworth is a strong woman of faith? Discussion: Author’s Craft Metaphor Similes and metaphors suggest comparisons of unlike objects. Similes use the words: like or as. Metaphors make the comparisons without using the words: like or as. For example: “This war is a beast with long claws.” Is this a simile or a metaphor? What is being compared? Why is this more effective than saying, “War is terrible”? 32 VOCABULARY – Bull Run, pages 57-64 www.quia.com/jg/1129924.html 1 parasols (57) 2 feigned (58) 33 Questions & Quotes Bull Run, pages 57-64 INQUIRY 1 What does Cabman Edmund Upwing do on Sunday morning? 2 Why do you think this battle seems to be a spectator sport for these people? 3 Why is Judah sent to the battlefront? 4 Why will this be difficult for him to do? 5 Dietrich Herz’s division is four hours late in arriving at Bull Run. What is the consequence of this delay? 6 What is Toby Boyce doing on this Sunday morning? 7 What is James Dacy doing on this Sunday morning? RESPONSE 34 Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE) Bull Run, pages 57-64 Vocabulary Definitions: Question Answers: parasols (57) – an umbrella made to provide shade from the sun feigned (58) - to make a show or pretense of something Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Edmund Upwing: Why do you think this battle seems to be spectator sport for these people? Judah Jenkins: What alternatives does Judah have at this time? Dietrich Herz: What do you think will happen to Dietrich now? Toby Boyce & James Dacy & Flora Wheelworth: Given the opportunity, which one of these three would you join? Why? Discussion: Comparison – Civil War Help students use the information they are learning in their social studies classes on the Civil War to compare with the battle being mentioned in the reading of Bull Run. . 1) He takes two congressmen and their wives to Centreville. There they join many others to watch the battle. 2) Answers will vary. 3) He is to bring back to Confederate headquarters word on the position of the Yankees. 4) His horse has run away. 5) The Confederates are well warned of the arrival of the Germans and meet the division with rifle fire and artillery shells. Dietrich is wounded. 6) Toby stays behind with the band members as the other men join the fight. 7) James Dacy is making sketches of the battlefield Seeing McDowell encourage his men, Dacy gets to his feet and cheers them on. 35 VOCABULARY – Bull Run, pages 65-71 www.quia.com/jg/1129924.html 1 utter (65) 2 brunt (65) 3 vague (65) 4 grudgingly (65) 5 lanyard (67) 6 calculated (70) 36 Questions & Quotes Bull Run, pages 65-71 INQUIRY 1 According to Colonel Brattle, what is the state of General Beauregard as the battle progresses Sunday morning? What happens? 2 A.B. Tilbury explains that they have six guns in their battery, with eight men to a gun. How many men , in total, is that? 3 What is Dr. Rye doing on this Sunday morning? 4 What are some items that Edmund Upwing’s passengers have on their menu? 5 AreTuck and Virgil able to keep their pact? Why or why not? 6 What does General Bee say of General Jackson? (Leave out inappropriate word.) 7 What nickname does Jackson acquire? RESPONSE 37 Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE) Bull Run, pages 65-71 (*inappropriate language on 71) utter (65) – to say or pronounce something Vocabulary brunt (65) – the main force or effect of something vague (65) – not clear in meaning or intention Definitions: grudgingly (65) – done or given reluctantly lanyard (67) – cord for firing a cannon calculated (70) – carefully considered Question Answers: 1) General Beauregard seemed to be confused. He gave vague orders and will not leave headquarters to investigate problems. General Johnson becomes very aggravated and leaves the headquarters for the battle. 2). 48 men 3) He and another doctor and their assistants are resting near a church, a short distance from the battle, waiting on the wounded to start coming in. 4) Virginia ham, soft shell crabs, Chesapeake Bay oysters on ice 5) No, Tuck is killed. Although he doesn’t want to leave his friend, Virgil is forced to go into battle without Tuck. 6) General Bee accuses Jackson of staying out of the battle range and standing like a “stone wall”. 7) “Stonewall “ Jackson. Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Colonel Oliver Brattle: What do you imagine the remaining officers at headquarters think of General Beauregard? A.B. Tilbury: What kind of ammunition was used in the Civil war? What happened when it exploded? Dr. William Rye: How do you think the men feel as they wait? Edmund Upwing: Why do you think these foods were on the menu? What would you pack for a picnic lunch? Virgil Peavey: How do you think Virgil feels about the war now? As is true in real life, the characters in novels face many conflicts. When two people or forces struggle over the same thing, conflict occurs. The excitement in novels develops from the use of the three main types of conflict: (1) person against person; (2) person against nature or society; and (3) person against himself or herself. Use a chart similar to the one below to help your students remember some of the conflicts from the novel. Discussion: Author’s CraftConflict CONFLICT DESCRIPTION TYPE RESOLUTION 38 VOCABULARY – Vocabulary Review Bull Run, pages 72-77 No new words www.quia.com/jg/1129924.html Choose two vocabulary words from previous lessons and complete the following attribute webs. DEFINITION OF THE WORD: SYNONYMS: WORDS ASSOCIATED WITH WORD: VOCABULARY CHOICE: SENTENCE USING THE WORD: DEFINITION OF THE WORD: SYNONYMS: ANTONYMS: PICTURE ILLUSTRATING THE MEANING: WORDS ASSOCIATED WITH WORD: VOCABULARY CHOICE: SENTENCE USING THE WORD: ANTONYMS: PICTURE ILLUSTRATING THE MEANING: 39 Questions & Quotes Bull Run, pages 72-77 INQUIRY 1 What does Dietrich Herz think of as he lies wounded upon the grass? 2 Do you think Dietrich Herz will ever find out the name of the woman? Why or why not? 3 What does Carlotta mean by she was “jump-stomached all day”? 4 Why did Gideon Adams “boil with disappointment”? 5 How was Judah Jenkins finally able to fulfill the orders he had been given at General Beauregard’s headquarters? 6 A.B. Tilbury at the cannon notices that each blast of Union cannon fire is returned by Southern cannon fire. What does this cause A.B. to wonder? 7 Why do you think A.B. and others have been told that the Southerners are “savages”? RESPONSE 40 Answer Key and Discussion Leads Bull Run, pages 72-77 (TE) Vocabulary Definitions: NO NEW WORDS – Review Activity on Quia Sites and Attribute Web – Answers will vary. Question Answers: 1) He thinks of the woman in the photograph that is in his jacket pocket. He begs her not to take her own life and to help him live. 2) Answers will vary. 3) Carlotta is nervous and anxious. 4) Why do you think that Gideon mentions that the man beside him is shooting at a turkey? 5) He found another horse without a rider. The blood on the saddle made his suspect the rider was dead. 6) He felt as if he had a twin on the Southern side. He wondered if they ere really savages. 7) Answers will vary. The less human their “enemies” seemed, the easier it was to shoot them. Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Dietrich Herz: Why do you think that Dietrich is so involved with this picture of a woman he does not know? Carotta King: What kind of ammunition was used in the Civil war? What happened when it exploded? Gideon Adams: How do you think the men feel as they wait? Judah Jenkins: How do we know that Judah thought his new horse’s original rider was dead? A.B. Tilbury: What does A.B. mean by “their artillery took our measure”? Discussion: Cause/Effect Chart When examining the reason for events in a story, we often find that: (a) one cause has several results, or (b) several causes lead to the same result. Help students understand cause/effect with a chart similar to the one on page 42. 41 CAUSE/EFFECT CHART Choose three characters from Bull Run and show how they were effected by the Civil War. CAUSE South secedes from Union Think about why the characters act as they do. Organize some of these reasons (causes) within the map below. Because Charlotta King is a slave, She secretly rejoices that the North seems to be winning. 42 VOCABULARY – Bull Run, pages 79 – 85 www.quia.com/jg/1129924.html 1 duds (79) 2 gaudier (79) 3 chafed (83) 4 feverishly (84) 5 tumult (85) 43 Questions & Quotes Bull Run – pages 79-85 INQUIRY 1 RESPONSE Why does Shem shoot a Union soldier? 2 How does Shem feel afterwards? Why? 3 According to General McDowell, what changes the course of the battle? 4 What might have happened if General McDowell had not paused to regroup? 5 Why does Toby decide to go off toward the fighting? 6 What does James Dacy do when he sees Union soldiers fleeing the battle scene? 7 Why do you think Dacy seems to feel that he cannot “sit idly by”? 44 Journal – Week Three Bull Run Dr. Rye, Carlotta, and Gideon are somewhat distanced from the heat of the battle early in the day. Judah is sent to Manassas Junction to hurry General Smith’s regiment to battle. Choose one of these four characters. Write a short story in which the character has time to daydream. Be sure to include the contents of their “daydream” in your story. ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 45 Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE) Bull Run, pages 79-85 Vocabulary Definitions: duds (79) – articles of clothing and accessories gaudier (79) – brightly colored or showily decorated usually to an unpleasant degree chafed (83) – to become sore or worn by rubbing feverishly (84) – showing agitation, excitement, or restlessness tumult (85) – a violent or noisy commotion Question Answers: 1) The Union soldier aims his bayonet at Shem’s horse and Shem shoots him without thinking. 2) He felt shaky and ashamed of his actions. If the man dies, his children will be orphans, just like Shem himself. 3) General McDowell pauses to re-form his line of attack. General Beauregard uses this time to shift more men west. From then on, the battle goes to the Confederacy. 4) Answers will vary. 5) Toby thinks that the older Georgia boys will come home with souvenirs of the war and will know all about what happened and he will not. 6) Dacy runs toward the men with a New York banner that he has found. He urges the men to rally. They do not. 7) Answers will vary. Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Shem Syggs: Do you think Shem would feel the same way if he, himself, were not an orphan? General Irvin McDowell: What do you think General McDowell will do now? Toby Boyce: What is your opinion of Toby’s reasons for going to the battle? James Dacy: What do you think Darcy will do next? Discussion: Author’s Craft - Plot Plot is the author’s way of presenting the important events of a story. Visualizing the plot of a story helps the students develop knowledge of text structure, improve comprehension, help with retelling the story in summary fashion, and enhances students’ knowledge of the art of composing a good story. Plot usually consists of an initial conflict, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Using the form on page 47 or your own more realistically drawn mountain, help students plot the story thus far, or concentrate on the plot for character only. 46 PLOT DIAGRAM MOUNTAIN Climax Rising Action Initiating Conflict Falling Action Resolution 47 VOCABULARY – Bull Run, pages 86 - 91 www.quia.com/jg/1131784.html 1 heartened (86) 2 resolve (86) 3 rout (86) 48 Questions & Quotes Bull Run – pages 86-91 INQUIRY 1 Does Colonel Brattle see a changed General Beauregard when they ride into battle? Explain your answer. 2 Do you think the colonel is surprised by the change in the general? Why or why not? 3 Who drags vehicles off the road so the retreating civilians and soldiers can get to Washington? What is predicted of him? 4 Do you think the rediction will come true? Explain. 5 What decision does Carlotta make as she sets off to find her wounded master? 6 What is happening around him when Dietrich Herz comes to his senses? 7 What happens when Dietrich asks for help? RESPONSE 49 Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE) Bill Run, pages 86-91 Vocabulary Definitions: heartened (86) – to make somebody feel more cheerful and hopeful resolve (86) – to come to a firm decision rout (86) – a swift and disorderly retreat by a defeated army Question Answers: 1) Yes. The general does much to hearten the men in the ranks, he fits in new arrivals, shores up their resolve, and leads an attack. 2) Answers will vary. 3) A young officer named Custer clears the raod and everyone predicts he was destined for greatness. 4) Answers will vary. 5) Carlotta decides to go north. 6) Dietrich hears two plunderers taking knives, watches, etc. off the dead bodies on the battlefield. 7) The men run away. Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Colonel Oliver Brattle: What do you think caused the change in General Beauregard? Edmund Upwing: What do you know about General Custer? Carlotta King: Do you think Carlotta is making a wise decision? Why or why not? Dietrich Herz: Why do you think the men are taking things from the bodies? What do you think of someone who would do this? Art Activity Each of the characters in the story has a picture that identifies that character. Give students the opportunity to make a picture of something that identifies them. Remind them to include their initials in the picture. Have students share what is significant about what they have pictured. 50 VOCABULARY – Bull Run, pages 92-95 www.quia.com/jg/1131784.html 1 baffled (93) 51 Questions & Quotes Bull Run – pages 92-95 INQUIRY 1 What excuses does Shem give for the Confederate troops not marching upon Washington? 2 What dead and wounded does Shem care for? 3 Is Nathaiel Epp worried about the retreat of the Union soldiers? Why or why not? 4 Does he seem to think he faces no danger at all from the Union and Confederate troops? What attributes would you add to his character web now? 5 To what does Dr. Rye attribute the vidtory of the battle? 6 What is Gideon’s attitude as the Union army retreats? 7 Is this the general attitude of the men in Gideon’s regiment? Why or why not? RESPONSE 52 Answer Key and Discussion Leads (TE) Bull Run, pages 92-95 Vocabulary Definitions: Question Answers: baffled (93) – puzzled, confused Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Shem Suggs: Were you surprised to find out that Shem was taking care of dead or wounded horses, why or why not? Nathaniel Epp: Do you think that Nathaniel is being realistic in his attitude? Why or why not? Dr. William Rye: What do you think Dr. Rye means? (See Revelation 5,6) Gideon Adams: Why do you think Gideon feels as he does? Discussion: Character Attributes Finish up character maps as each character has concluding page. Refer to page 104 in text to find ending excerpt pages for each character. 1) The Confederate troops are too hungry and too weary to march on Washington. 2) Shem takes care of the dead and wounded horses. 3)No he not worried, he figures that the Confederate soldiers will want to have their pictures made. 4) Answers will vary. He considers himself neutral, therefore in no danger. Profiteer, greedy, clueless 5) Dr. Rye attributes the victory to “Death upon his pale horse”. 6) Gideon is angry and determined to join a three-year regiment. He does not want to return to Ohio until the Union has won. 7) No, Answers will vary. You may also wish to assign one character per child for concluding thoughts. 53 VOCABULARY – Bull Run, pages 96-102 www.quia.com/jg/1131784.html 1 solicitude (99) 2 smug (101) 3 fancied (102) 54 Questions & Quotes Bull Run – pages 96-102 INQUIRY 1 What does Toby find on the battlefield for a souvenir? 2 What does Toby do after he finds his souvenir? 3 Toby’s one wish before entering the war was to kill a Yankee. Does he get his wish? Why or why not? 4 How do the passengers in Edmund Upwing’s cab feel about the Union soldiers and others associated with the war? 5 What does Flora Wheelworth’s home become after the battle? 6 Who is one of the patients? How do you know? 7 What news do the Malloys receive regarding Patrick? How does Lily react to the news? RESPONSE 55 Journal – Week Four Bull Run – What is your opinion of the way the author has set up the story and the characters ? Do the characters seem real to you? Are they realistic in their thinking and acting? Are their reactions to people and problems what you would expect? Which story character can you identify with the most? Why? ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 56 Answer Key and Discussion Leads Bull Run, pages 96-102 (TE) Vocabulary Definitions: solicitude (99) – concern or consideration smug (101) – conceited and self-satisfied fancied (102) – to be inclined to think that something is the case Question Answers: 1) Toby finds a knife and takes it. 2) Toby starts to look for additional souvenirs. 3) A badly wounded Yankee soldier asks Toby to kill him. Toby does not do it. Instead, he starts running for home. 4) They spoke harshly against the soldiers, the officers, the profiteers, the press, the generals and the President. 5) Flora’s home becomes a hospital. 6) Dietrich Herz, Flora relates that one patient is a Union soldier, German, who will not part with a photograph of a woman. 7) The Malloys receive a letter from Patrick’s captain, informing them of Patrick’s death in battle. When Lily reads the letter she runs through the wheat field, then falls to the ground and cries. She later wonders if Patrick can hear her as she talks with him “all the long way home” Discussion: Thoughts to Ponder Toby Boyce: Is Toby any different from the plunderers seen by Dietrich? What do you think Toby’s chances are for arriving home safely? Edmund Upwing: Why do you think Upwing’s passengers have this reaction? Flora Wheelworth: How do Flora and her servants treat the soldiers? What is your opinion of Flora? Lily Malloy: Would you be able to answer Lily’s question about whether her brother could hear her or not? Who does hear Lily and can give her comfort. Discussion: Personal Opinion What is your opinion of the ending of the novel? Do you feel that all of the issues raised by the author were resolved? Explain Would you want to change something about this story? Elaborate. Would you recommend this novel to others? Why or why not? Theme (the novel’s central idea): What is the author’s message? - Why do you think the author wrote this story? - What do you think is the most important thing to remember about this story? Why 57 Concluding Activities Bull Run Choose an activity or activities as indicated by your teacher. 1. Complete the Novel Test (pages 60-66) 2. Summarize the story by making a collage of key characters, pictures or symbols, and important words. 3. Create an illustrated time line on which you mark the key events of the story. 4. Read some of the poems written by Walt Whitman during the Cilvil War. Write a poem of your own in the same free non-rhyming style about the battle of Bull Run. 5. What did you learn about the Civil War that you did not know before reading this novel? Write three paragraphs to share this information. 6. Select one character from the novel and write a short epilogue to the story from that character’s point of view. You could also choose to write a skit to enact for the class. 7. Using a diagram similar to the one found on page 59, write down free-associate thoughts about the novel after you have finished it. 58 Setting Point of View Characters BULL RUN Possible Themes Conflicts Author’s Style and Tone BULL RUN NOVEL TEST 59 PART 1: TRUE OR FALSE Label each statement T for True and F for False. If a statement is false, change it to make it true. 1 General McDowell commands the Confederate troops at Bull Run. 2 Natheniel Epp makes a profit from the Union and Confederate soldiers. 3 General Beauregard is the hero of Fort Sumter. 4 General Beauregard heeds the advice of Colonel Brattle. 5 Toby Boyce plays the drums in an army band. 6 Coachman Upwing drives civilians to view the First Battle of Bull Run. 7 The Zouaves are soldiers from Europe fighting for the Union. 8 Many Confederate soldiers bring their slaves with them to the battlefront. 9 Some of the Southern women organize a Soldiers’ Friend League. 10 At times, some of the Confederate soldiers wear blue uniforms. 11 This is the battle in which Thomas Jackson gets the name “Stonewall”. 12 Jefferson Davis is the President of the Union at this time. 13 Many Union soldiers volunteer for ninety days of service. 14 The Union army bands often play the song “Dixie”. 15 Many Union soldiers learn to play baseball at this time. BULL RUN -- PART 2: MATCHING Find a character mentioned on the left who matches the description on the right. Write the letter of the character next to the matching number. Each character is to be used only once. 60 A B C D E F G H I J General McDowell Nathaniel Epp Dietrich Herz Toby Boyce Colonel Brattle Shem Suggs Doctor Rye Lily Malloy James Dacy Carlotta King 1 He joins General Beauregard’s staff to advise him. 2 He tries to save lives rather than to take them. 3 Her brother is killed in the First Battle of Bull Run. 4 He is a sketch artist for the New York Illustrated News. 5 He is in command of the Union troops without a reliable map of Virginia. 6 Although only eleven years old, he wants to play the fife in the army band. 7 Nearly all of his Union regiment is German. 8 She is a slave, brought to the battlefield by her master. 9 He joins the Confederate because he is promised a horse. 10 He makes a profit by taking photographs of soldiers a twenty cents apiece. Choose one of the characters. Write a description of that character. Give your opinion of that character. 61 BULL RUN -- PART 3: MULTIPLE CHOICE To the left of each item number, write the number of the BEST response. 1 The Battle of Bull Run takes place in what state of the U.S.? A. Virginia B. South Carolina C. Maryland D. New York 2 Who is the commander of the Union troops at this battle? A. General Beauregard B. General Custer C. General McDowell D. General Jackson 3 Who is the commander of the Confederate troops at this battle? A. General Custer B. General Burnside C. General Sherman D. General Beauregard 4 In what year does the First Battle of Bull takes place? A. 1865 B. 1861 C. 1863 D. 1862 5 Who is the President of the Confederate States at this time? A. Abraham Lincoln B. Jefferson Davis C. George Custer D. Robert E. Lee 62 BULL RUN -- PART 3: MULTIPLE CHOICE (CONT.) 6 What does Patrick Malloy take from home when he leaves? A. His father’s gun B. His father’s knife C. His father’s spectacles D. His father’s shoes 7 Why does Shem walk to Virginia to join the Confederacy? A. newspaper ad said he’d gat a horse B. newspaper ad said he’d get thirty dollars C. newspaper ad said he’d get a free gun D. newspaper ad said he’d get a pair of boots 8 How old is Toby Boyce at the time of the battle? A. eighteen B. twenty C. seventeen D. eleven 9 How much does Nathaniel Epp charge for each portrait taken? A. one dollar B. twenty cents C. three dollars D. fifty cents 10 McDowell lacks what kind of reliable map for the battle? A. map of Maryland B. map of Richmond C. map of Virginia D. map of Washington, D.C. 11 What does Flora Wheelworth organize? A. Soldiers’ Friend League B. American Legion C. Veterans of Foreign Wars D. American Red Cross 63 BULL RUN -- PART 3: MULTIPLE CHOICE (CONT.) 12 What does a Union infantry soldier get paid per month in 1861? A. fifty dollars B. one hundred dollars C. twenty-five dollars D. thirteen dollars 13 Where do the members of the Zouaves come from A. Germany B. Poland C. New York D. France 14 Shem Suggs wants to learn to read so that he can finish what story? A. Uncle Tom’s Cabin B. Gulliver’s Travels C. The House of Seven Gables D. Moby Dick 15 What general is likened to a stone wall in this battle? A. General Irvin McDowell B. General George Custer C. General Thomas Jackson D. General Jeb Stuart 16 What is Bull Run? A. A stream B. A town C. A mountain D. A railroad station 17 What train depot is near the battlefield? A. Richmond B. Centreville C. Alexandria D. Manassas Junction 64 BULL RUN -- PART 3: MULTIPLE CHOICE (CONT.) 18 Who is Shem Suggs’ cavalry colonel? A. George McClellan B. George Custer C. Jeb Stuart D. Robert E Lee 19 Before his death, who heads the Zouaves? A. Colonel Ellsworth B. General Johnston C. Colonel Brattle D. General Custer 20 Who arrives by train to see the Union collapse? A. Jefferson Davis B. Abraham Lincoln C. Robert E. Lee D. Winfield Scott 65 Bull Run – Part 4: Short Answers The last section of the test requires written responses. Select two of the following to write about. Circle the letters of the two that you select. Please write your responses on separate sheets of paper and attach them to the test. Be sure to label them with your name and the correct letters form each section that you have chosen to address. PART 4: SHORT ANSWERS A. A.B. Tilbury asks himself “why soldiering was praised up as something to be proud of”. What would you say to him if he questioned you about this? B. Nathaniel Epp, the photographer, watches the Union soldiers flee, and then takes a stroll. He decides that “The Rebels who were coming would be anxious to have their pictures made”. Do you think Mr. Epp makes a wise decision? Why or why not? What is your opinion of Mr. Epp? C. Carlotta King is brought to the battlefield by her master. She wants to bolt and to go north to freedom. However, Carlotta is told by another slave that runaways found by Yankees are returned to their owners. What is your opinion of this situation? What decision does Carlotta? D. Coachman Edmund Upwing is hired to take two congressmen and their wives to view the First Battle of Bull Run. Upon arrival near Centreville, the coachman observes, “Every last horse and buggy for hire in Washington seemed to be there”. Why do you think there was such a crowd of observers? What is your opinion of the decision made by these people to be near the battlefield? Explain. 66 Answer Key for Novel Test Bull Run Part 1: True or False 1-F (Union); 2-T; 3-T; 4-F (does not heed); 5-F (fife); 6-T; 7-F (New York); 8-T; 9-T; 10-T; 11-T; 12-F (confederacy); 13-T; 14-F (confederate); 15-T Part 2: Matching 1-E; 2-G; 3-H; 4-I; 5-A; 6-D; 7-C; 8-J; 9-F; 10-B; Answers will vary on last part Part 3: Multiple Choice 1-A; 2-C; 3-D; 4-B; 5-B; 6-C; 7-A; 8-D; 9-B; 10-C, 11-A; 12-D; 13-C; 14-B; 15-C; 16-A; 17-D; 18-C; 19-A; 20-A Part 4 & 5: Short Answers A. B. C. D. Answers Answers Answers Answers will vary. will vary. will vary. will vary. 67