Chapter 15 Key Terms: Medieval Conflicts and Crusades
1. Clergy: group of people who give their lives to serve the Church as priests,
monks, and high church officials
2. Pope Leo III: crowned Charlemagne as emperor, which gave much power to the
church in the West
3. coronation: crowning ceremony of a king
4. Pope Gregory VII: declared supreme authority over the Church and nonchurch
leaders
5. secular: not of the church
6. Henry IV: King who was involved in a bitter power struggle with the pope. He
was excommunicated, but later removed the pope
7. excommunicate: to exclude a person from a church or a religious community
8. William the Conqueror: 1066, King who conquered England and introduced a
strong feudal system
9. King John: 1199, king of England who claimed so much power that nobles
forced him to sign the Magna Carta, limiting his power
10. Magna Carta: “Great Charter,” document that made the king obey the law and
protected the rights of the people
11. Common Law: group of laws created by customs and judges’ decisions, instead
of laws passed by a law-making group
12. Habeas corpus: a court order that brings an arrested person before a judge or
court
13. parliament: an assembly of representatives who make laws
14. pilgrim: a religious person who travels to a holy place or shrine
15. crusade: a Christian religious war
16. expel: to force someone to leave a place
17. heresy: a belief that is rejected by official Church doctrine
18. Inquisition: a Church court designed to investigate and judge heretics
19. Reconquista: “reconquest,” the movement to drive Muslims from Spain
20. Ferdinand and Isabella: king and queen who united Spain under the Catholic
church, drove out the Muslims and Jews, and sponsored Christopher Columbus
Chapter 15 Key Terms: Medieval Conflicts and Crusades
1. Clergy: group of people who give
their lives to serve the Church as
priests, monks, and high church
officials
2. Pope Leo III: crowned Charlemagne
as emperor, which gave much power
to the church in the West
3. coronation: crowning ceremony of a
king
4. Pope Gregory VII: declared supreme
authority over the Church and nonchurch leaders
5. secular: not of the church
6. Henry IV: King who was involved in
a bitter power struggle with the pope.
He was excommunicated, but later
removed the pope
7. excommunicate: to exclude a person
from a church or a religious
community
8. William the Conqueror: 1066, King
who conquered England and
introduced a strong feudal system
9. King John: 1199, king of England
who claimed so much power that
nobles forced him to sign the Magna
Carta, limiting his power
10.Magna Carta: “Great Charter,”
document that made the king obey the
law and protected the rights of the
people
11.Common Law: group of laws created
by customs and judges’ decisions,
instead of laws passed by a lawmaking group
12.Habeas corpus: a court order that
brings an arrested person before a
judge or court
13.parliament: an assembly of
representatives who make laws
14.pilgrim: a religious person who
travels to a holy place or shrine
15.crusade: a Christian religious war
16.expel: to force someone to leave a
place
17.heresy: a belief that is rejected by
official Church doctrine
18.Inquisition: a Church court designed
to investigate and judge heretics
19.Reconquista: “reconquest,” the
movement to drive Muslims from
Spain
20.Ferdinand and Isabella: king and
queen who united Spain under the
Catholic church, expelled the
Muslims and Jews, and sponsored
Christopher Columbus