8th Grade Chapter 3
Lessons 2 and 3 Study Guide
Name__________________
Hour___________________
Test Date___________________
Lesson 2:
Barter -
Mercantilism Smuggling –
Why did Louisiana struggle in the mercantile economy under French rule?
What was the Frontier Exchange Economy?
What were the first two crops in Louisiana?
Why were they replaced with sugar and cotton?
How did World War II affect the oil industry?
8th Grade
Chapter 3 Lesson 3 – Louisiana’s Resources
Mineral Resources –
Nonrenewable Resources –
Lignite –
Biological Resources –
Renewable –
Pulpwood –
Labor Union –
List the importance of the minerals found in Louisiana
Oil ---
Natural Gas
Salt
Sulphur
Lignite
List the importance of the biological resources found in Louisiana:
Forests
Wildlife
Fish
Capital Resources
Human Resources
8th Grade Chapter 3
Lessons 2 and 3 Study Guide
Name KEY
Hour___________________
Test Date___________________
Lesson 2:
Barter – trading goods and services without money
Mercantilism - the government of the mother country controlled its
resources and its markets in order to acquire wealth. Colonies were
expected to buy goods and services only from the mother country
Smuggling – trading goods and services with other countries other than the
mother country. It was illegal
Why did Louisiana struggle in the mercantile economy under French and
Spanish rule?
Neither France or Spain gave the colonists enough supplies; the
colonists changed the economy to meet their needs and developed
the frontier exchange economy.
What was the Frontier Exchange Economy?
People trapped furs, made their own goods, grew their own crops, and
traded with their nearby neighbors
What were the first two crops in Louisiana?
Tobacco and Indigo
Why were they replaced with sugar cane and cotton?
Sugar cane and cotton were more profitable
How did World War II affect the oil industry?
The demand for oil during the war and changes in agriculture gave
Louisiana the new economic direction with oil
Lesson 3
Mineral Resources – inorganic substances that were formed by Earth’s
geological processes Examples are oil, natural gas, salt, sulphur, and
lignite
Nonrenewable Resources – resources that are not replaced by nature
once they are extracted from the environment
Lignite – lowest quality of coal; a soft, brownish-black coal that burns poorly
because of high water content
Biological Resources – plants and animals (flora and fauna) they are
renewable,
Renewable – they replenish themselves
Pulpwood – smaller, softer trees (mostly pine) that are shredded into pulp
to be made into paper
Labor Union – an organization of workers formed to improve wages,
benefits, and working conditions for workers
List the importance of the minerals found in Louisiana:
Oil --- Louisiana contains 10 percent of the oil reserves in the United States
Louisiana is one the top oil producing states, thousands of wells are
located off of Louisiana’s coast, refineries produce enough oil for 800
million automobiles, and an unlimited list of other products is created
from chemicals refined from oil
Natural Gas --- larger than oil deposits, 25 percent of United States supply
comes from Louisiana. Natural gas was converted into carbon black
used to make tires and ink. Reduces air pollution and is the source of
energy for homes and businesses.
Salt –- needed for animals and humans to survive, Avery Island deposit is
almost pure rock salt, used to make chemicals that are used in 100’s
of products like PVC pipe and plastic
Sulphur – mineral that makes matches, gunpowder, medicine, plastic, and
paper. Discovery made in 1869, “richest 50 acres in the world, cities
Sulphur, Port Sulphur and Freeport Sulphur are named for this
mineral. Low prices from other countries made it unprofitalbe to mine
in Louisiana
Lignite – low form of coal used as another form of energy, found in DeSoto
Parish, fuels an electric power station in Mansfield
List the importance of the biological resources found in Louisiana:
Forests – Louisiana’s second from of income producer, 90 percent are pine
trees. Large trees are cut for sawtimber made into furniture and
flooring. The industry includes paper mills, lumber mills, and plywood
plants. 100 million trees are replanted each year.
Wildlife: Economic resources for trappers, and hunting fur pelts used to
be and important part of the economy but the demand for fur has
drastically reduced so trapping has declined. Hunting has been
source of food, it also generates millions for the state’s economy.
Black bear is endangered and can not be hunted. Migratory birds,
doves and quail can be hunted also but quail numbers have
decreased. Alligators are the most famous wildlife in Louisiana. Their
hides made leather, brings in millions of dollars each year.
Fish: recreation and commercial The demand for catfish led to catfish
farming. Crawfish also is a huge industry in Louisiana. Fishing in
Louisiana attracts tourists to the state. Seafood caught in Louisiana
supplies 25 percent of the nation’s demands. 2 billion pounds of fish
in a year. Louisiana provides more shrimp, oysters, and crabs than
any other state. Menhaden fish are used to make pet food, and
fertilizer and food for farm raised catfish.
Capital Resources – human made products used to produce goods and
services. Includes rice mills, sugar refineries, oil refineries, cotton
gins, and meat-packing plants, as well as bridges, highways, and
airports.
Human Resources – people who supply the labor to produce goods and
provide services.