Report of the Annual Meeting of NC-1009
Project Title: Metabolic relationships in supply of nutrients for lactating dairy cows
October 25-26, 2004 in Burlington, VT
Refereed Articles of NC-1009 Committee Members
AbuGhazaleh, A. A., D. J. Schingoethe, A. R. Hippen, and K. F. Kalscheur. 2003. Conjugated
Linoleic Acid and Vaccenic Acid in Rumen, Plasma, and Milk of Cows Fed Fish Oil and Fats
Differing in Saturation of 18 Carbon Fatty Acids. J. Dairy Sci. 86: 3648-3660.
AbuGhazaleh, A. A., D. J. Schingoethe, A. R. Hippen, and K. F. Kalscheur. 2004. Conjugated
Linoleic Acid Increases in Milk When Cows Fed Fish Meal and Extruded Soybeans for an
Extended Period of Time. J. Dairy Sci.87: 1758-1766.
Agca C.; C. A. Bidwell; and S. S. Donkin. 2004. Cloning of bovine pyruvate carboxylase and
5’ untranslated region variants. Animal Biotechnology 15:47-66.
Bateman, H.G., II, J.H. Clark, and M.R. Murphy. —. Development of a System to Predict Feed
Protein Flow to the Small Intestine of Cattle. J. Dairy Sci. (Accepted).
Birkelo, C. P., Brouk, M. J., Schingoethe, D. J. 2004. The energy content of wet corn distillers grains for lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87:1815-1819.
Capuco, A. V., G. E. Dahl, D. L. Wood, U. Moallem, and R. A. Erdman. 2004. Effect of bovine somatotropin and rumen-undegradable protein on mammary growth of prepubertal dairy heifers and subsequent milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 87: 3762-3769.
Crawford, G.I., M.D. Stern, R.L.K. Hulbert, K.A. Caperoon, and P.G. Summer. 2004. Effects of a liquid byproduct nitrogen source on nitrogen utilization by ruminal microbesin continuous culture fermenters. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 3(12):872-880.
Cummins, K. A., S. E. Lonergan, and E. Huff-Lonergan. 2004. Short communication: Effect of dietary protein depletion and repletion on skeletal muscle calpastatin in lactating dairy cows. J.
Dairy Sci.87:1428
DeFrain, J. M., A. R. Hippen, K. F. Kalscheur, and D. J. Schingoethe. 2004. Feeding Lactose
Increases Ruminal Butyrate and Plasma ß-hydroxybutyrate in Lactating Dairy Cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 87: 2486-2494
Dhiman, T. R., M. S. Zaman, K. C. Olson, H. R. Bingham, A. L. Ure, and M. W. Pariza. 2004
Influence of feeding soybean oil on conjugated linoleic acid content of beef. Accepted J. Agric.
Food Chem.
Dhiman, T. R., S. Nam, and A. L. Ure. 2004. Factors affecting conjugated linoleic acid content of milk and meat. Accepted Critical Rev. in Food Sci. Nutr.

Doepel, L., D. Pacheco, J. J. Kennelly, M. D. Hanigan, I. F. Lopez, and H. Lapierre. 2004. Milk protein synthesis as a function of amino acid supply. J.Dairy Sci. 87, 1279-1297.
Eicher, S.D., K.A. McMunn, H. M. Hammon, and S.S. Donkin. 2004. Toll-like receptors and acute phase cytokine gene expression in dexamethasone and growth hormone treated calves. Vet
Immunol Immunopathol. 98:115-125.
Guan, X., Bequette, B.J., Ku, P.K., Tempelman, R.J., & Trottier, N.L. (2004) The amino acid need for milk synthesis is defined by the maximal uptake of plasma amino acids by porcine mammary glands. J. Nutr. 134: 2182–2190.
Guan, X., Pettigrew, J.E., Ku, P.K., Ames, N.K., Bequette, B.J., & Trottier, N.L. (2004) Dietary protein concentration affects plasma arteriovenous difference of amino acids across the porcine mammary gland. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 2953–2963.
Hall, M. B. 2003. Challenges with nonfiber carbohydrate methods. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 3226-3232.
Hall, M. B.2004. Short Communication: Effect of Carbohydrate Fermentation Rate on Estimates of Mass Fermented and Milk Response. J. Dairy Sci. 2004 87: 1455-1456.
Hammon, D. S., G. R. Holyoak, T. R. Dhiman. 2004. Association between elevated plasma urea nitrogen and elevated ammonia concentration in follicular fluid of preovulatory follicles in early lactation dairy cows. Accepted Anim. Repro. Sci.
Hanigan, M. D. (accepted). Quantitative aspects of ruminant splanchnic metabolism as related to predicting animal performance. Anim Sci.
Hanigan, M. D., C. K. Reynolds, D. J. Humphries, B. Lupoli, and J. D. Sutton. (in press). A model of net amino acid absorption and utilization by the portal-drained viscera of the lactating dairy cow. J.Dairy Sci.
Hanigan, M. D., L. A. Crompton, C. K. Reynolds, D. Wray-Cahen, M. A. Lomax, and J. France.
2004. An integrative model of amino acid metabolism in the liver of the lactating dairy cow. J. theor. Biol. 228:271-289.
Ipharraguerre, I.R., and J.H. Clark. 2005. Impacts of the Source and Amount of Crude Protein on the Intestinal Supply of Nitrogen Fractions and Performance of Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci.
(Accepted).
J. S. Britt, R. C. Thomas, N. C. Speer, and M. B. Hall. 2003. Efficiency of Converting Nutrient
Dry Matter to Milk in Holstein Herds. J. Dairy Sci. 2003 86: 3796-3801.
Leonardi C., and L. E. Armentano. 2003. Effect of Quantity, Quality and Particle Length of
Alfalfa Hay on Selective Consumption by Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci. 86:557-564.
Leonardi, C., M Stevenson, and L. E. Armentano. 2003. Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Science 86:4033-4042

Leonardi, C., W. Stockland, and L. E. Armentano. 2004. Production response of dairy cows fed soybean meal heat treated with different methodologies. Prof. Anim. Sci. 20:74-78
McNamara, J. P. 2004. Research, improvement and application of mechanistic, biochemical, dynamic models of metabolism in lactating dairy cattle. Animal Feed Science & Technology
112:155-176
Mesgaran, M. D. and M. D. Stern. 2004. Ruminal and post-ruminal protein disappearance of various tropical feeds determined by the mobile nylon bag, in vitro and three-step procedures.
Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. (In Press).
Moallem, U., G. E. Dahl, E. K. Duffey, A. V. Capuco, and R. A. Erdman. 2004. Bovine somatotropin and rumen-undegradable protein effects on skeletal growth in prepubertal dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 87: 3881-3888.
Moallem, U., G. E. Dahl, E. K. Duffey, A. V. Capuco, D. L. Wood, K. R. McLeod, R. L.
Baldwin, VI, and R. A. Erdman. 2004. Bovine somatotropin and rumen-undegradable protein effects in prepubertal dairy heifers: Effects on body composition and organ and tissue weights. J.
Dairy Sci. 87: 3869-3880.
Neelam Kewalramani, T. R. Dhiman and Harjit Kaur. 2003. Factors affecting conjugated linoleic acid content of milk – A Review. Anim. Nutr. Feed Technol. 3:91-105.
Oba, M., Baldwin, R.L., IV, & Bequette, B.J. (2004) Oxidation of glucose, glutamate, and glutamine by isolated ovine enterocytes in vitro is decreased by the presence of other metabolic fuels. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 479-486.
Oba, M., Baldwin, R.L., IV, Owens, S.L, & Bequette, B.J. (2004) Urea synthesis by ruminal epithelial and duodenal mucosal cells isolated from growing sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 1803-1805.
Patton, R. S. , C. E. Sorenson, and A. R. Hippen. 2004. Effects of Dietary Glucogenic Precursors and Fat on Feed Intake and Carbohydrate Status of Transition Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87:
2122-2129.
Phillips, G. J., T.L. Citron, J. S. Sage, K. A. Cummins, M. J. Cecava, and J. M. McNamara.
2003. Adaptations in body muscle and fat in transition dairy cattle fed different amounts of protein and methionine hydroxy analog. J. Dairy Sci. 86:2586.
Piperova, L. S., U. Moallem, B. B. Teter, J. Sampugna, M. P. Yurawecz, K. M. Morehouse, D.
Luchini, and R. A. Erdman. 2004. Changes in milk fat in response to dietary supplementation with calcium salts of trans-18:1 or conjugated linoleic fatty acids in lactating dairy cows. J.
Dairy Sci. 87:3836–3844.
Poulson, C. S., T. R. Dhiman, A. L. Ure, D. Cornforth, and K. C. Olson. 2004. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of beef from cattle fed diets containing high grain, CLA or forages.
Accepted Livestock Prod. Sci.

Qiu, X., M.L. Eastridge, J.L. Firkins, and K. Griswold. 2003. Effects of substrate, passage rate, and pH in continuous culture on flows of conjugated linoleic acid and trans C18:1. J. Dairy Sci.
87:3473-3479.
Raman, P., S.S. Donkin, and M.E. Spurlock. 2004. Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Metabolism by Leptin in Pig and Rat Primary Hepatocyte Cultures. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp
Physiol. 286:R206-216.
Schwab, C. G., T. P. Tylutki, R. S. Ordway, C. Sheaffer and M. D. Stern. 2003.
Characterization of proteins in feeds. J. Dairy Sci. 86:(E. Suppl.):E88-E103.
Sylvester, J.T., S.K.R. Karnati, Z. Yu, M. Morrison, and J.L. Firkins. 2004. Development of an assay to quantify rumen ciliate protozoal biomass in cows using real-time PCR. J. Nutr. (In
Press).
Vallimont, J. E., F. Bargo, T. W. Cassidy, N. D. Luchini, G. A. Broderick, and G. A.
Varga.2004.Effects of replacing dietary starch with sucrose on ruminal fermentation and nitrogen metabolism in continuous culture. J. Dairy Sci. (In press).
Velez, J.C. and S.S. Donkin. 2004. Bovine Somatotropin Increases Hepatic
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase mRNA in Lactating Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87: 1325-
1335.
Theses & Dissertations:
Chichlowski, M.W. Altering The Fatty Acid Profile In Milk Fat By Including Canola Seed In
The Diet Of High Producing Dairy Cattle. Master’s Thesis, North Dakota State University.
December 2003.
DeFrain, J. M. 2004. Influence of diets formulated to increase the supply of ketones or ketone precursors on the carbohydrate status and performance of transition dairy cows. Ph.D.
Dissertation, South Dakota State University, Brookings. 198 pp.
Johnson, S. 2004. Evaluation of a ruminal in situ procedure vs an enzymatic in vitro procedure for estimating ruminal and intestinal protein digestion of various oilseed meals. Science in
Agriculture Senior Thesis, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
Leonardi, C. PhD Dissertation: Charecterization of feed sorting behavior of lactating cows.
2004.
Perrault, N. 2004. Evaluation of a ruminal in situ procedure vs an enzymatic in vitro procedure for estimating ruminal and intestinal protein digestion of concentrates. Science in Agriculture
Senior Thesis, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
Seebart, B. 2003. Evaluation of a ruminal in situ procedure vs an enzymatic in vitro procedure for estimating ruminal and intestinal protein digestion of forages with various tannin concentrations. Science in Agriculture Senior Thesis, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.

Thrune, M. 2003. Evaluation of a ruminal in situ procedure vs an enzymatic in vitro procedure for estimating ruminal and intestinal protein digestion of animal by-products. Science in
Agriculture Senior Thesis, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
Wickham, S. 2004. Evaluation of a ruminal in situ procedure vs an enzymatic in vitro procedure for estimating ruminal and intestinal protein digestion of plant by-products. Science in
Agriculture Senior Thesis, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
Conference Proceedings and Extension/Outreach Articles:
Armentano, L.E. 2004 Sorting Behavior by Lactating Dairy Cows. 2003 Tri-state conference proceedings. (also presented at Dairy Expo Madison WI 2004, and Arlington Dairy Days in
2003)
Hall, M. B. 2004. Terra incognita:updates on feeding nonfiber carbohydrates to dairy cows (yes, it does matter). Proc. 15 th Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, Gainesville, FL, January 22,
2004, pp 1 - 8.
Ipharraguerre, I.R., and J.H. Clark. 2004. Ionophores: A Potential Feed Additive for Lactating
Dairy Cows. Illinois Dairy Report. Pp 29-31.
Ipharraguerre, I.R., and J.H. Clark. 2004. Nutritional Approaches to Reduce Nitrogen Losses from Dairy Farms. Illinois Dairy Reports. Pp. 32-34.
Schroeder, J.W. Accuracy of Forage Sample: It’s in Your Hands. eHay Weekly, Hay and
Forage Grower. Primedia. July 19, 2004.
Schroeder, J.W. Dairy Diagnostic Program - working to enhance the state’s dairy industry.
Farm and Ranch Guide feature. May 28, 2004.
Schroeder, J.W. Don’t Let Good Hay Good Bad. eHay Weekly, Hay and Forage Grower.
Primedia. July 12, 2004.
Schroeder, J.W. Minerals, What They are and Why They are Important. Ag Communication release. May 28, 2004.
Schroeder, J.W. Quality Forage - Corn Silage Management. 2004. NDSU Extension Service
Circular AS-1253.
Schroeder, J.W. Quality Forage - Forage Nutrition for Ruminants. 2004. NDSU Extension
Service Circular AS-1250 (revised).
Schroeder, J.W. Quality Forage - Haylage and Other Fermented Forages. 2004. NDSU
Extension Service Circular AS-1252.

Schroeder, J.W. Quality Forage - Interpreting Composition and Determining Market Value.
2004. NDSU Extension Service Circular AS-1251.
Schroeder, J.W. Quality Forage - Silage Fermentation and Preservation. 2004. NDSU
Extension Service Circular AS-1254.
Schroeder, J.W. Quality Forage - Storage, Sampling and Measuring. 2004. NDSU Extension
Service Circular AS-1255.
Schroeder, J.W. Quality Forage - Stressed Damaged Crops. 2004. NDSU Extension Service
Circular AS-1256.
Schroeder, J.W. Rain Threatens Forage. J.W. Schroeder. AgWeek Regional News, July 5,
2004, p. 23.
Schroeder, J.W. Top 10 Countdown to Lower Protein Costs. AgWeek. Regional News. May 31,
2004, p. 10.
Schroeder, J.W. Use of Minerals in Dairy Cattle: What they are and why they are important.
2004. NDSU Extension Service Circular AS-1250.
Varga, G. A. 2004. Are two dry cow groups necessary? Proc. Mid-Atlantic Nutr. Conf.
Timonium, MD, pp 145-155.
Varga, G. A. 2004. Feeding carbohydrates to high producing dairy cows. XI Congreso
Internacional de Medicina Bovina, Gijon, Spain, pp 99-104.
Varga, G. A. 2004. Feeding protein to high producing dairy cows. XI Congreso Internacional de
Medicina Bovina, Gijon, Spain, pp 105-110.
Vicini, J.L., H.G. Bateman, M.K. Bhat, J.H. Clark, R.A. Erdman, R.H. Phipps, M.E. Van
Amburgh, G.F. Hartnell, R.L. Hintz, and D.L. Hard. 2004. Supplemented Fibrolytic Enzymes or Soluble Sugars with Malic Acid for Dairy Cows. Illinois Dairy Report. Pp. 40-41.
Books Chapters:
Boston, R. C. and M. D. Hanigan. (submitted). Segmented, constrained, nonlinear, multiobjective, dynamic optimization methodology applied to the dairy cow ration formulation problem in a situation where some of the constraints may be discontinuous. In: J. Dijkstra (Ed.)
Modelling Nutrient Utilization in Farm Animals. Wageningen.
Clark, J.H., and I.R. Ipharraguerre. 2003. Biotech Crops as Feeds for Livestock. Pages 177-198 in Agricultural Biotechnology. Challenges and Prospects. M.K. Bhalgat, W.P. Ridley, A.S.
Felsot, and J.N. Seiber, eds. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.

Donkin, S.S. and H.M. Hammon. 2004. Hepatic gluconeogenesis in developing ruminants. In
Biology of Metabolism in Growing Animals. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Edited by D.G. Burrin and
H.J. Mersmann. (In press).
Firkins, J.L., and C.K. Reynolds. 2004. Whole animal nitrogen balance in cattle. E. Pfeffer and
A.N. Hristov, eds. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrition of Cattle and Environment. (in press).
Hanigan, M. D., H. G. Bateman, J. G. Fadel, J. P. McNamara, and N. E. Smith. (submitted). An ingredient-based input scheme for Molly. In: J. Dijkstra (Ed.) Modelling Nutrient Utilization in
Farm Animals. Wageningen.
McNamara, J.P. 2004. Role of Quantitative Modelling in Nutrition Research. In: Proceedings of the BHSI State of the Art Symposium: Mathematical Modeling in Nutrition and Health Science.
Georgia Center for Continuing Education, In press.
Scientific Abstracts
Aguiar, G., T. R. Dhiman, A. L. Ure, S. F. Porter, and L. L. Jeffs. 2004. Changes in milk fatty acids during transition of dairy cows from diest based on conserved forages and grain to pasture.
J. Dairy Sci. 87 (Suppl. 1):341.
Allred S. L., T. R. Dhiman, C. P. Brennand, R. C. Khanal, and D. J. McMahon. 2004. The conjugated linoleic acid and ω-3 fatty acids in milk and cheese from cows fed calcium salts of fish oil alone or in combination with soybean products. J. Dairy Sci. 87 (Suppl. 1):335.
Bedgar, S.E., J.W. Schroeder, M.W. Chichlowski, M.L. Bauer, and S.A. Soto-Navarro. 2004.
Ruminal characteristics and rate, site, and extent of digestion of dairy diets supplemented with canola fed to Holstein steers. J. Dairy Sci. 87(Suppl. 1):215.
Benefield, B.
Grain and Corn Silage for Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87(Suppl. 1):223.
Bequette, B.J., Oba, M., Owens, S.L., & Baldwin, R.L., VI. (2004) Assessment of Krebs Cycle metabolism by sheep rumen and intestinal cells employing [U-13C]glucose and mass isotopomer analysis. FASEB J. vol. 18 (4): A493.
Chichlowski, M.W., J.W. Schroeder, S.E. Bedgar, C.S. Park, W.L. Keller, and D.E. Schimek.
2004. Fatty acid profile, composition, and production of milk from dairy cows fed canola seed.
J. Dairy Sci. 87(Suppl. 2):68.
Chung, H. A., K. S. Heyler, T. W. Cassidy, S. L. Ward, I. D. Girard, and G. A. Varga. 2004.
Effect of a dry propylene glycol product for postpartum Holstein dairy cows on health and performance. J. Dairy Sci. 87:440.

Clark, J.H., and I.R. Ipharraguerre. 2004. Impacts of the Source and Amount of Crude Protein on the Intestinal Supply of Nitrogen Fractions and Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows. J.
Dairy Sci. 87(Suppl. 1):240.
Daniels, K. J., J. R. Townsend, S. S. Donkin, E. A. Pajor, S. D. Eicher, A. G. Fahey, and M. M.
Schutz. 2004. Relationship of behaviors and production measures between prepartum milked and non-prepartum milked first calf heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 82: (Suppl 1): 17
Daniels, K.J, J.R. Townsend, S.S. Donkin, E.A. Pajor, A.G. Fahey and M.M. Schutz. 2004. The
Effect of Feed Intake Levels on Behaviors of Transition Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87 (Suppl
1): 359.
E.A. Greene, J.R. Knapp and S.R. Davis. 2004. Growth rates and mature size in Morgan
Horses. Second European Workshop on Equine Nutrition, Dijon France.
El-Kadi, S.W., Sunny, N.E., Oba, M., Owens, S.L., & Bequette, B.J. (2004) Fractional removal of amino acids by the small intestines and whole gastrointestinal tract of sheep remains constant across levels of protein supply. J. Anim. Sci. 87 (Suppl. 1): p. 127.
H.G. Bateman, II, J.H. Clark, and M.R. Murphy. 2004. Predicting Feed Protein Flow to the
Duodenum of Lactating Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87(Suppl. 1):221.
Hall, M. B., and C. C. Larson. 2004. Effects of nonfiber carbohydrate source and protein degradability on ruminal protein fractions and NDF disappearance. J. Dairy Sci. 87(Suppl. 1):
463.
Hall, M. B., and C. C. Larson. 2004. Ruminal protein metabolites and fiber fermentation differ among nonfiber carbohydrate and protein sources. Proc. International Symposium on Ruminant
Physiology. Copenhagen, DK, Aug. 31, 2004, abstract 17.
Hammon, D. S., G. R. Holyoak, and T. R. Dhiman. 2004. Association between plasma urea nitrogen levels and reproductive fluid urea nitrogen and ammonia concentrations in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87 (Suppl. 1):66.
Hammon, D. S., I. M. Evjen, T. R. Dhiman, and J. P. Goff. 2004. Negative energy balance during the periparturient period is associated with uterine health disorders and fever in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87 (Suppl. 1):279.
Ipharraguerre, I.R., and J.H. Clark. 2004. Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Different
Sources and Amounts of Crude Protein. J. Dairy Sci. 87(Suppl. 1):161.
Ipharraguerre, I.R., J.H. Clark, and D.E. Freeman. 2004. Site of Digestion in Dairy Cows Fed
Different Sources and Amounts of Crude Protein. J. Dairy Sci. 87(Suppl. 1):160.
Ipharraguerre, I.R., J.H. Clark, and D.E. Freeman. 2004. Site of Digestion in Dairy Cows Fed
Different Soy-Protein Supplements. J. Dairy Sci. 87(Suppl. 1):214.

J.G. Willard, J.L. Williams, J.C. Willard, J.R. Knapp and E.A. Greene. 2004. The effect of age of dam on birth weight and growth of thoroughbred foals. Second European Workshop on
Equine Nutrition, Dijon France.
J.R. Knapp. Basolateral transport of neutral amino acids in enterocytes is mediated via Systems
A, ASC, L, asc, and y
+L
. 2004 Annual ADSA/ASAS Meeting.
Karnati, S.K.R., J.T. Sylvester, Z. Yu, S.M. Noftsger, N.R. St-Pierre, M. Morrison, and J.L.
Firkins. 2004. Microbial profiling of ruminal and omasal samples from cows fed different sources of methionine. J. Anim. Sci. 82(Suppl. 1):463.
Leonardi C., and L. E. Armentano. 2004. Sorting by dairy cows fed a dry diet in a tie-stall or free-stall barn. J Dairy Sci. 87(Suppl.1):52 (abstr.)
Linke, P. L., DeFrain, J. M., Hippen, A. R., Jardon, P. W. 2004. Ruminal and plasma responses in dairy cows to drenching or feeding glycerol. Journal of Dairy Science 87(Suppl 1):343 (abstr).
Markantonatos, X, Y. Aharoni, T. Cassidy, R. K. McGuffey, L. F. Richardson, and G. A. Varga.
2004. Estimation of VFA and glucose kinetics on transition dairy cows provided monensin. J.
Dairy Sci. 87:344.
McNamara, J. P. and F. Valdez. 2004. Effects of dietary chromium propionate and calcium propionate on adipose tissue metabolism and milk production of dairy cattle in the transition period. J. Dairy Sci. 87 (Suppl.1):
Mesgaran, M.D., A. Riasi, and M.D. Stern. 2004. Chemical composition, and in vitro and in situ protein digestibility of some halophytes located in central Iran. Proc. Brit. Soc. Anim. Soc., short communication, 2004:242.
Noftsger, S., N.R. St-Pierre, and J.L. Firkins. 2004. Determination of undegradability and ruminal effects of HMB, HMBI, and DL-MET in lactating cows. J. Anim. Sci. 82(Suppl. 1):218.
Oba, M., R. L. Baldwin, VI, S. L. Owens, & B. J. Bequette. (2004) Utilization of ammonia-N by ruminal epithelial and duodenal mucosal cells isolated from growing sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 87:
(Suppl. 1) p. 219.
Rodriguez, S. M., C. A. Bidwell, D.E. Moody, S. S. Donkin. 2004. Cloning the genomic sequence and proximal promoter of bovine pyruvate carboxylase. . J. Dairy Sci. 87 (Suppl 1):
365.
Sunny, N.E. Hanus, L.H., El-Kadi, S.W., Owens, S.L., & Bequette, B.J. (2004) Regulation of urea recycling to the gastrointestinal tract and ammonia metabolism in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci.
87 (Suppl. 1): p. 127.

Sunny, N.E., El-Kadi, S.W., Oba, M., Owens, S.L.,Angel, R, & Bequette, B.J.. (2004)
Gluconeogenesis and Krebs Cycle metabolism in 2-day-old fed and fasted chicks. J. Anim. Sci.
87 (Suppl. 1): p. 313.
Townsend, JR, and Donkin, SS. 2004. Effect of level of prepartum alimentation in dairy cows on milk production, mRNA expression for gluconeogenic enzymes, and liver triglyceride concentration. . J. Dairy Sci. 87.
Tozer, P. R., G. A. Varga, and W. R. Henning. 2004. Do Dairy Producers Market and Manage
Dairy Cows to Improve Beef Quality? J. Dairy Sci. 87:165.
Ure, A. L., T. R. Dhiman, M. D. Stern and K. C. Olson. 2004. Treated extruded soybean meal as a source of fat and protein for dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87 (Suppl. 1):51.
Van Saun, R.J., A. Todd, and G.A. Varga. 2004. Serum mineral concentrations and periparturient disease in Holstein dairy cows, pg. 96, In: Proceedings 12 th
Inter. Conf. Production
Diseases of Farm Animals, East Lansing, Michigan, July 18-23.
Varga, G. A., E. Block, P. Williams, T. W. Cassidy, and R. Losa. 2004. Effect of CRINA
RUMINANTS, an essential oil mixture, on continuous culture fermentation and milk production of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87:334.
Wang, L., B. Ametaj, J. A. Story, and S. S. Donkin. 2004. Milkfat naturally enriched with docosahexaenoic acid alters expression of genes for lipid metabolism in growing female rats.
FASEB Journal 18:A505.