SRI LANKA
Fisheries Year Book
2003-2005
Socio-economic and Market Research Division
National Aquatic Resources Research and Development
Agency (NARA)
Crow Island, Mattakkuliya
Colombo 15
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Fisheries Year Book 2003-2005
Prepared by the Socio-economic and Market Research Division of the National Aquatic
Resources, Research and Development Agency based on the information available as of 31st
December 2005.
Telephone : + 94 (11)2521000
+ 94 (11)2521006
Fax
Email
: +94 (11)2521932
: dg@nara.ac.lk
Visit us on the World Wide Web at http://www.nara.ac.lk
Cover theme:
Women in Fisheries
Photographs:
Jayantha Hettiarachchi & Anura Gamage
Printed at:
Vishwalekha (pvt) Ltd.
Citation:
NARA-SED-FY-Vol 7
i
Acknowledgement
The first publication of the series “Sri Lanka Fisheries Year Book” was issued in 1997
through the pioneering efforts of the Socio-Economic and Market Research Division (SED)
of the National Aquatic Resources, Research and Development Agency (NARA) and was
continued thereafter as an annual publication. In preparing the present publication we
benefited considerably by the assistance extended by several governmental and nongovernmental institutions and organizations, which provided a wealth of relevant data.
Among those the Planning Division of the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and
the Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources deserve special mention. We wish to
place on record our gratitude to all those who rendered assistance and consider it necessary to
mention in particular the valuable contributions made by Mr. J. A. D. Jayasooriya, Senior
Statistician of the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and the members of the SocioEconomic and Market Research Division of NARA.
The theme, ‘Women in Fisheries’ was chosen for the cover of this publication. Plates
included on the cover are those relevant to the dedicated theme and depict the participation of
women in inland fisheries in Rajanganaya Tank Anuradhpura and women engaged in fishing
in the Negombo Lagoon. Mr. Jayantha Hettiarachchi and Mr. Anura Gamage provided these
photographs.
The contributions made by Mr. Nihal Liyanapathirana, Mr. Upul Adikari and Ms. Deshika
Siribaddana in designing and type setting of this Year Book are gratefully acknowledged.
The dedicated services of Mr. Claude Fernando, Senior Fisheries Advisor of the Food and
Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations by providing guidance and editing the
manuscript are highly appreciated.
R. Maldeniya
Head – Socio-Economic and Market Research Division
ii
Preface
Fisheries sector plays an important role in the Sri Lankan economy. Apart from providing
employment by direct opportunities in fishing, the sector also provides indirect employment
opportunities to a large number involved in fisheries related activities both upstream and
downstream. Fish also serves as the most important source of animal protein for the people.
Fishing industry has undergone considerable modernization since independence and has
witnessed a spectacular growth in production particularly over the past three decades.
Introduction and application of new technologies, establishment of Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ), expansion of markets due to globalization and infrastructure developments have
brought drastic changes in the fisheries sector and these have resulted in improved access to
resources, significant expansion of effort, production, marketing and trade.
The demand for fish will continue to increase as the population increases. The threats of overexploitation of resources, limited opportunities in the expansion and even the maintenance of
the resource base on account of the destruction of aquatic habitats and the degradation of
aquatic environment have become serious problems that need to be overcome. Some of the
coastal areas are threatened by severe erosion while economic growth and industrialization
continue to exert considerable pressure on the sensitive coastal ecosystems. The fish
production in the coastal fishery has been stagnating over the last two decades and it is
believed that the yield from the coastal fishery has almost reached its maximum limits. The
future development prospects of the fishing industry lie in the expansion of offshore and
deep-sea resources as well as the exploitation of inland fishery resources and in promoting
aquaculture development. In addition, sustainable exploitation of the coastal fishery resources
and inland reservoir resources needs to be accorded the highest priority. Better planning of
fisheries development and application of management practices will be the key to the
sustainable exploitation of the resources upon which the very survival and future prosperity
will depend.
Notwithstanding the phenomenal successes achieved by the sector, poor economic conditions
of fisher folk are a real cause for concern. Such concerns become especially important in the
context of the large numbers of small-scale fishermen who are trapped in the vicious cycle of
poverty and dismal living conditions. Increased exploitation of fishery resources in the coastal
waters through multiple fisheries has led to the marginalisation of fishing communities who
either sell their labour by working as crew members in fishing vessels owned by others or
engage in traditional fisheries. Low levels of education and lack of skills in other vocations
make it difficult to provide alternative livelihoods for these small-scale fisher folk.
iii
There is an urgent need to evolve a strategy for the effective management and utilization of
resources, both fish and human resources in the fisheries sector. To meet this requirement we
need reliable and authentic bio-socio-economic data and information relating to the fisheries
sector. Over the years, many institutes have collected data and developed databases in
fisheries and related disciplines. However, a database has no value and is not useful unless
they are properly catalogued and collated to be user friendly for the stakeholders. The SocioEconomic and Market Research Division of NARA has addressed this need by undertaking
the publication of “Sri Lanka Fisheries Year Book”.
The publication represents a systematic compilation of data and information of great
relevance to various sub-sectors of fisheries. The data compiled are authentic and has been
provided by various specialized and competent institutions both governmental and nongovernmental. Dr (Mrs) R. Maldeniya, as Head of the Socio-economic and Market Research
Division has directed the production of this publication. Any comments or questions
concerning the contents should be directed to this division. We would be glad to provide
clarifications where needed and also look forward to suggestions from the users of this Sri
Lanka Fisheries Year Book, which could lead to the improvement of its quality.
I take this opportunity to thank Mr. Felix Perera, the Honourable Minister of the Ministry of
Fisheries & Aquatic Resources for his guidance and encouragement to carry forward the
policies under the Mahinda Chinthanaya.
K. Haputhantri
Chairman,
National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA)
September 2006
iv
Foreword
The Sri Lanka Fisheries Year Book is a regular publication of the National Aquatic Resources,
Research and Development Agency (NARA) which has got established as a document very useful to
all those interested in the development of the fisheries sector of Sri Lanka. It is a well-presented
compilation of statistics and information relevant to the fisheries sector. Fisheries scientists,
administrators and all stakeholders now eagerly look forward to this annual publication.
Considerable effort over a lengthy period of time has gone into the collection, collation, analysis and
presentation of the information included in this publication.
Women in socio-economic development of fishing communities has been most appropriately chosen
as the theme for the cover design of this year’s publication and the theme write up has been prepared
by Dr. (Mrs) R. Maldeniya, Head, Socio-economic and Market Research Division of NARA. The
efforts of Dr (Mrs.) S.C. Jayamanne who took the challenge of final editing and printing of the year
book are also highly appreciated.
On behalf of the Governing Board of NARA, I am pleased to congratulate Dr. (Mrs) R. Maldeniya,
Dr. (Mrs.) S.C. Jayamanne and the staff of Socio-economic and Market Research Division for
bringing out this excellent publication in a highly professional manner.
K.T.R. Prathapasinghe
Director General
National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA)
November 2006
v
An enhanced role for women in the socio-economic development of fishing communities
The integration of women in socio-economic development of rural fishing communities has received
increasing attention in recent years. Although critical to the survival of rural fishing communities,
women still remain largely marginalized and it is time that women are being recognized as an integral
part of fisheries development. Social traditions and cultural values particularly prevalent in Asian
countries greatly limit the opportunities and the possibilities available for women to move freely and
gain equal access to employment in the fisheries sector. Consequently women’s contribution is quite
marginal and their resourcefulness, skills and capabilities remain largely untapped and unrecognised
in many economic activities including fisheries.
In addition to their role as the mother of the family in which the numerous household chores are not
monetarily assessed, women in fishing households are known to play a substantial role in a wide
range of economic activities. These activities are mainly in the key sectors of fish handling,
processing and marketing. Though it does not get highlighted, a number of women are also engaged
in active fishing especially in lagoons, estuaries and inland water bodies. A considerable number of
women are also employed in the aquaculture and processing industry. They are basically employed as
cheap unskilled labour. In most instances women are engaged in sorting of fish, cleaning and mending
of nets, marketing and processing as unpaid family labour. In addition to fishery related activities, a
large number of rural women are also engaged in labour work in agriculture sector on part-time or
full-time basis. However, in general, income-generating opportunities for women of rural fishing
communities are limited. There are hardly any women working in technical fields in fisheries such as
repairing or assembling of electrical or electronic machinery. Lack of basic education, trained skills,
cultural taboos and access to finance are constraints that hamper opportunities in the greater
involvement of fisherwomen in various economic activities.
The scope for further involvement of women in activities such as marketing, handling and processing
is limited. It has become difficult for women to compete with their primitive traditional technologies.
Though there are ad-hoc technical support schemes and programmes directed towards women’s
involvement and benefits in the small-scale fisheries sector, there are hardly any national programmes
and machinery geared for this purpose. A few non-government organisations are engaged in making
improvements in the role of women in fishing communities. Women’s active participation in the
socio-economic development of the small-scale fishing communities has, up to now, not been
considered an additional path in fishery development. However, there is a woeful lack of specific data
relating to women’s current role, involvement, status and obtaining such data is a critical pre-requisite
towards rational planning for the full utilisation of women’s techno-economic potential in small-scale
fisheries development.
vi
It is important to have alternative economic activities to make the fishing household more secure
primarily on account of the finite nature of the fishery resources. However, women in fishing
communities face considerable problems in combining family income supplementing activities with
their normal day-to-day household activities without neglecting the latter. They feel more comfortable
in working from home in self-employment activities as their husbands are busy and are away from
home most of the time.
There is high potential for women’s involvement in most activities concerned with aquaculture.
Family income can be increased through such activities, which have great advantages in that they do
not require long periods of absence from household work. Furthermore, possibilities of combining
them with other existing activities like poultry, duck and pig rearing are considerable self employment
activities for women. An ideal area for women’s involvement is cottage industries where they can
engage in activities such as dress making, painting, production of ‘beeddi’, making snacks and sweets,
handicrafts, hand braiding, making joss sticks etc. The suitability of these would vary according to
their skills as well as the facilities available in their homes.
There are very few pragmatic
programmes at present, which provide training opportunities to enable women of fishing communities
to find employment in other sectors. It is very clear that any future programmes dealing with the
development of small-scale fisheries have to pay serious attention to the role of women in fishing
communities and it is necessary to include training, credit and marketing support in such programmes
if they are to make any meaningful contribution.
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1
Table 1.2
Table 1.3
Table 1.4
Table 1.5
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Table 2.4
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
Table 3.4
Table 3.5
Table 3.6
Table 3.7
Table 3.8
Table 3.9
Table 3.10
Table 3.11
Table 3.12
Table 3.13
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 5.1
Table 5.2
Table 5.3
Table 5.4
Table 5.5
Table 5.6
Table 5.7
Table 5.8
Table 6.1
Table 6.2
Table 6.3
Table 6.4
Table 6.5
Table 6.6
Table 6.7
Table 6.8
Table 6.9
Table 6.10
Table 7.1
Table 7.2
Table 7.3
Labour Force Engaged in Fisheries
Labour Contributions in Fish Production
Contribution of Fisheries Sector to the GNP at Current Factor Cost Prices
Contribution of the Fisheries Sector to Sri Lankan Export Earnings
Annual per Capita Availability of Fish and Fishery Products
Damage to Fishing Communities
Damage Assessment of Fishery Harbours
Damages to Institutions Connected to Fisheries
Number of Damaged and Destroyed Fishing Boats by District
Fish Production by Fisheries Sub-Sectors
Marine Fish Production by Fisheries Districts
Fish Production by District and Major Commercial Groups 2003
Fish Production by District and Major Commercial Groups 2004
Marine Fish Production by Major Species/Groups
Marine Fish Production by Major Categories by Province -2003
Marine Fish Production by Major Categories by Province -2004
Shrimp Production
Inland and Aquaculture Fish Production
Inland and Aquaculture Fish Production by Major Categories
Fish Seed Production in Aquaculture Development Centers - 2003
Fish Seed Production in Aquaculture Development Centers - 2004
Fish Seed Production in Aquaculture Development Centers - 2005
Production of Seashells
Production of Inland Coral
Fishing Fleet Operating in Marine Waters
Distribution of Marine Fishing Crafts by District in 2004
Distribution of Marine Fishing Crafts by District in 2005
Status of Boat Replacement as at End of September 2006
Distribution of Fishing Crafts Operated in Inland Waters by District in 2004
Fishing Trips Made by the Foreign/Joint Venture Fishing Fleet Berthed at
Mutwal Fishery Harbour - 2003
Fishing Trips Made by the Foreign/Joint Venture Fishing Fleet Berthed at
Mutwal Fishery Harbour - 2004
Fishing Trips Made by the Foreign/Joint Venture Fishing Fleet Berthed at
Mutwal Fishery Harbour - 2005
Status of Fishery Harbours
Fishing Crafts Operated from Main Fishery Harbours - 2004
Fishing Crafts Operated from Main Fishery Harbours - 2005
Details of Facilities Available in Functioning Fishery Harbours
Coast Protection Constructions Completed During Year 2003
Coast Protection Constructions Completed During Year 2004
Coast Protection Constructions Completed During Year 2005
Ice Production by District - 2003
Ice Production by District - 2005
Production of Fishing Nets and Gear
Quantity of Fish and Fishery Products Exported
Value of Fish and Fishery Products Exported
Exports of Fish Landed by Foreign Tuna LonglineVessels
viii
Table 7.4
Table 7.5
Table 7.6
Table 7.7
Table 7.8
Table 7.9
Table 7.10
Table 7.11
Table 7.12
Table 7.13
Table 7.14
Table 7.15
Table 7.16
Table 8.1
Table 8.2
Table 8.3
Table 9.1
Table 9.2
Table 9.3
Table 10.1
Table 10.2
Table 10.3
Table 10.4
Table 10.5
Table 10.6
Table 10.7
Table 10.8
Table 10.9
Table 10.10
Table 11.1
Table 11.2
Table 11.3
Table 11.4
Table 11.5
Table 11.6
Table 11.7
Table 11.8
Table 11.9
Table 12.1
Quantity of Fish and Fishery Products Imported
Value of Fish and Fishery Products Imported
Fish Handled by Ceylon Fisheries Corporation (CFC)
Fish Purchased by CFC from Foreign Tuna Long line Vessels
Monthly Fish Purchased by CFC from Foreign Tuna Longline Vessels
Average Wholesale Prices (Rupees) of Major Fish Species/Varieties at
Colombo Central (St. John’s) Fish Market
Monthly Average Wholesale Prices of Major Fish Species/Varieties at
Colombo Central Fish Market
Monthly Average Wholesale Prices of Major Fish Species/Varieties at
Colombo Central Fish Market
Average Retail Prices of Major Fish Species/Varieties at Colombo Region
Monthly Average Retail Prices of Major Fish Species/Varieties at Colombo
Central Fish Market (2003-2005)
Wholesale Prices of Imported Dried Fish at Colombo Central Market
Wholesale Prices of Local Dried Fish at Colombo Central Market
Average Retail Prices of Dried Fish in Colombo Suburb Markets
Local Production of Dried Fish
Operating License Granted to Exporters
Seafood Exported Under Health Certificates
Per capita Availability of Calories, Proteins and Fat from Vegetables, Fish and
Other Animal Resources
Supply of Fish, Dried fish and Canned Fish for Consumption
Average Household Fish Consumption per Month by Variety
First Registration of Fishing Crafts
Issue of Licenses for Fishing Operations
Issue of Import, Export and Re-export Permits and Licenses for Ornamental
Fish
Fishing Vessels and Crew Members Apprehended by Foreign Countries as at
April 2003
Establishment of Fisheries Organizations at Thotupola Level
Institutions and Legislation Relevant to Aquatic Environment, Living
Resources and Habitats
Regulations made under Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act No. 2 of 1996
List of Species of Fish Prohibited From Export in Live Form (Part I)
List of Species of Fish Restricted From Export in Live Form (Part II)
List of Species of Fish Prohibited From Import in Live Form (Part III)
Basic Fisheries Information (Marine fisheries) -2003
Basic Fisheries Information (Marine fisheries) –2004
Basic Fisheries Information (Marine fisheries) –2005
Fisheries Development Assistance –2004
Fisheries Development Assistance –2005
Self-employment programmes conducted by the Womens’affairs section of the
Social Development Division for children, young and women from 2005.08.01
Visiri Housing Project Performance – 2003
Visiri Housing Project Performance –01st November 2004 to 28th November
2005
Fishermen’s Pension and Social Security Benefits
Fisheries Co-operative Societies Details at the End of August 2004
ix
Table 12.2
Table 13.1
Table 13.2
Table 13.3
Table 14.1
Table 14.2
Table 14.3
Table 14.4
Table 15.1
Table 15.2
Table 15.3
Table 15.4
Table 15.5
Fisheries Co-operative Societies Details at the End of April 2006 Fisheries
District
Major Capture Fish Producing Countries 1992 to 2002 (1000' mt)
Fish Production of SAARC Countries 2002
World Fish Utilization
Incentives and Concessions Provided by the Board of Investment of Sri Lanka
Fish and Fish Based Industries / Project in Commercial Operation as at
31.12.2004
Fish and Fish Based Industries / Project in Commercial Operation as at
31.12.2005
Rate of Import Duty for Some of the Fisheries and Related Articles
12.02.2005
Services Provided by NARA
Laboratory Services
Field Surveys and Consultancy Services
Short Training Courses
Publications Available at NARA
x
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2
Figure 3.3
Figure 3.4
Figure 6.1
Figure 7.1
Figure 7.2
Figure 7.3
Figure 7.4
Figure 9.1
Figure 13.1
Figure 13.2
Coastal area affected by tsunami
Fish Production in Sri Lanka by sectors
Marine Fish Production in Sri Lanka 1980-2005
Inland Fish Production in Sri Lanka - 1980-2005
Seed Production in Aquaculture Development Centres
Harbours and Anchorages of Sri Lanka
Trade Balance
Wholesale Prices of Selected Fish Species at Colombo Central Fish Market
Wholesale and Retail Market Margins
Wholesale and Retail Market for Dried Fish
Composition of Food Consumed by Average Household in 2002
World Fish Production
Indian Ocean Tuna Production
xi
CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLWDGEMENT
ii
PREFACE
iii
FOREWORD
v
An Enhanced Role for Women in the Socio-economic Development
vi
of Fishing Communities
CONTENTS
vii
LIST OF TABLES
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
xi
EXPLANATORY NOTES
xiii
Time Reference
xvii
Data Collection
xvii
Standard Symbols and Abbreviations
xvii
Indicators for Preferential Rate of Duty
xviii
Notes on Statistics
xviii
Quantity and Value
xviii
Coastal Zone
xix
Fisheries Sub-sectors
xix
Provinces, Administrative and Fisheries Districts
xix
Major Marine Fish Species/Groups
xxi
Major Marine Fish Categories
xxiii
Member States of EU and SAARC
xxiii
PARAMETERS RELEVANT TO FISHING INDUSTRY
xxiv
Location
xxiv
Land, Sea and Inland Water Area
xxiv
Climate
xxiv
Demography and Vital Statistics
xxiv
Out put
xxiv
xii
1. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FISHERIES SECTOR IN THE
NATIONAL ECONOMY
1
Labour Force Engaged in Fisheries
1
Labour Contribution for Fish Production
1
Contribution of Fisheries Sector to the GNP at Current Factor Cost Prices
2
Contribution of the Fisheries Sector to Sri Lanka Export earnings
2
Annual Per Capita Availability of Fish and Fishery Products
3
2. TSUNAMI DEVASTATION
4
Coastal Areas Affected by Tsunami
4
Humanitarian Damage to Fishing Communities
5
Damage to Fishing Fleet
6
Damage to Harbours and Anchorages
6
Damage to Fisheries Institutions
9
Damage to Post Harvest Facilities and Services
10
Damage to Coastal Protection Structures
10
Damage to Aquaculture
10
3. PRODUCTION OF FISH AND FISH SEEDS
12
Fish Production in Sri Lanka
12
Fish Production by Fisheries Sub-Sectors
13
Marine Fish Production by Fisheries Districts
15
Marine Fish Production by District and Major Commercial Groups
17
Marine Fish Production by Major Species/Groups
19
Marine Fish Production by Major Categories by Province
20
Shrimp Production
21
Inland and Aquaculture Fish Production
22
Inland and Aquaculture Fish Production by Major Categories/Species
23
Fish Seed Production in Aquaculture Development Centres
23
4. PRODUCTION OF MARINE NON-LIVING COMMODITIES
25
Seashells Production
25
Inland Corals Production
25
xiii
5. FISHING FLEET
26
Fishing Fleet Operating in Marine Waters
26
Distribution of Fishing Crafts by Districts
27
Status of Replacement of Boats as at End of September 2006
29
Distribution of Fishing Crafts Operated in Inland Waters by Districts
30
Fishing Trips Made by the Foreign/Joint Venture owned Fishing Fleet
based at Mutwal Fishery Harbour
31
6. FISHERIES INFRASTRUCTURE
32
Status of Fishery Harbours
32
Fishing Crafts by type Operated from Main Fishery Harbours
33
Facilities Available in the Functioning Harbours
36
Coast Protection Constructions Completed
38
Ice Production by District
40
Production of Fishing Nets and Gear
42
7. TRADE AND MARKETING
43
Quantity of Fish and Fishery Products Exported
43
Value of Fish and Fishery Products Exported
43
Exports of Fish Landed by Foreign Tuna Long line Fishing Vessels
44
Quantity of Fish and Fishery Products Imported
45
Value of Fish and Fishery Products Imported
45
Trade Balance
46
Fish Handled by CFC
47
Fish Purchased by CFC from Foreign Tuna Long line Vessels
Monthly Fish Purchased by CFC from Foreign Tuna Long line Vessels
48
Wholesale Prices of Major Fish Species/Varieties at Colombo Central
fish Market
49
Trends in Wholesale Price Variation of Selected Fish Species at Colombo
Central Fish Market
50
Monthly Average Wholesale Prices of Major Fish Species/Varieties at
Colombo Central Fish Market
51
Retail Prices of Major Fish Species/Varieties in the Colombo Region
53
Monthly Average Retail Prices of Major Fish Species/Varieties at Colombo
Central Fish Market
53
xiv
Wholesale and Retail Market Margin of Selected Fish Species
54
Wholesale Prices of Imported Dried Fish at Colombo Central Market
58
Wholesale Prices of Local Dried Fish in Colombo Central Market
58
Retail Prices of Dried Fish in Colombo Suburb Markets
59
Wholesale and Retail Market Margin for Dried Fish
60
8. FISH PRESERVATION, PROCESSING AND QUALITY
ASSURANCE
Local Production of Dried Fish
61
Operating Licenses Granted to Exporters
61
Seafood Exported Under Health Certificates
62
9. FISH AND FOOD SECURITY
Supply of Fish, Dried fish and Canned Fish available for Consumption
63
Calories, Protein and Fat Availability by Commodity
64
Food Balance Sheet for Major Animal Protein Sources – 2001
Production, foreign trade, Distribution and per capita availabilities
of commodities
65
66
10. FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
Registration of Fishing Craft
Issue of License for Fishing Operations
Issue of Import, Export and Re-export permits for Ornamental Fish
Sri Lankan Fishing Vessels and their Crew Members Apprehended by Foreign
countries as at April 2003
Establishment of Fisheries Organizations at Thotupola (Landing Center) Level
Institutions and Legislation Relevant to Aquatic Environment, Living
Resources and Habitats
Regulations made under Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act. No.2 of 1996
List of species of Fish prohibited from export in live form (Part I)
List of species of Fish prohibited from export in live form (Part II)
List of species of Fish prohibited from export in live form (Part III)
67
68
68
69
69
70
74
75
76
77
11. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Basic Fisheries Information
Fisheries Development assistance -2004
Self help Housing Investment (Visiri Nivasa)
78-80
81-82
84-85
12. FISHERMEN’S CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES
xv
Fisheries Co-operative Societies details at the end of August 2004
Fisheries Co-operative Societies details at the end of April 2005 fisheries
district
86
87
13. WORLD FISHERIES SCENARIO
Major Fish Producing Countries 1992 to 2001 (1000' MT)
Fish production in SAARC Countries 2001
World Fish Utilization
89
89
90
14. INCENTIVES AND CONCESSIONS FOR
INVESTMENT PROMOTION
Incentives and Concessions Provided by the Board of Investment
of Sri Lanka
Fish and Fish Based Industries-projects in commercial operation
as at 31st December 2004
Rate of import duty for some of the fisheries and related articles
91
92-96
97-106
15. SERVICES PROVIDED AND PUBLICATIONS
AVAILABLE AT THE NATIONAL AQUATIC
RESOURCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
AGENCY (NARA)
Services Provided by NARA
Publications Available at NARA
Senior executive staff of NARA
107-108
110
111
xvi
EXPLANATORY NOTES
Time Reference
The Sri Lanka Fisheries Year Book 2003-2005 comprises a compilation of data pertaining to
the fisheries sector of Sri Lanka in respect of the year 2003, 2004 and 2005. However, when
some specific data were not available for any of this years/year the latest available data have
been included in the tables.
Data Collection
The data compiled in this publication have been obtained from different sources, which have
been indicated beneath the relevant table.
Standard Symbols and Abbreviations
The following standard symbols and abbreviations are used throughout this document:
-
Not available
*
Provisional
x
Multiple
0
Magnitude insignificant, i.e. less than half of the measurement
mt
Metric ton
kg
Kilogram
km
Kilometre
mn
Million
m
Metre
SLR
Sri Lankan rupee
US$
U. S. dollars
No
Number
Q
Quantity
V
Value
GNP
Gross National Product
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
i.e.
That is
%
Percentage
mg/l
Milligrams per litre
µc/ml
Microcuries per millilitre
ha
Hectare
ft.
Feet
xvii
OBM
Out BoardMotor
IBM
In Board Motor
BOI
Board of Investment of Sri Lanka
FRP
Fiber glass Reinforced Plastic
EEZ
Exclusive Economic Zone
SQ
Square
mm
Millimetre
C0
CelsiusO
BOD
Biological Oxygen Demand
CFC
Ceylon Fisheries Corporation
NARA
National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency
SAPTA
South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangement
Indicators for Preferential Rate of Duty
Imports from Bangkok Agreement Countries only
+
Imports from Global System of Trade Preference (GSTP) countries only
B
Imports from Bangladesh only
S
Imports from South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
countries only
SP
Imports from SAARC Preferential Trade Arrangement (SAPTA) countries only
SL
Imports from SAPTA – Least Developed Countries (LDCs) only
In
Imports from India under Indo-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement only
Notes on Statistics
Population:
The data refers to mid-year population
Fish production:
The data covers nominal catches i.e. all catches landed in domestic
ports
Quantity and Value
Fish production in quantity represents the fresh weight equivalent of the quantities recorded at
the time of landing and the value represents the average producer price or the average
wholesale
price
at
landing
centers
xviii
where
producers
sell
their
catch.
Coastal Zone
Coastal zone is defined by statute as a two km wide band of ocean, and adjoining strip of land
extending 300 m inland; except that where a water body connected to the sea occurs, the zone
extends two km inwards from the mouth of the water body.
Fisheries Sub-Sectors
Fisheries of Sri Lanka are generally divided into three broad categories; marine, inland and
aquaculture. Marine fisheries are further sub-divided into coastal and offshore. Both marine
and inland fisheries are referred to as capture fisheries.
Coastal and Offshore Fisheries
Coastal fisheries are broadly defined as fishing activities taking place within the continental
shelf or fisheries conducted, within a day (24 hrs).
Offshore fisheries are generally conducted beyond the continental shelf, up to the margin of
EEZ and also in high seas. Offshore boats stay out for more than a day during a single fishing
trip.
Inland Fisheries
Inland fisheries are conducted in perennial and seasonal tanks as well as in other freshwater
bodies.
Aquaculture
Aquaculture in Sri Lanka is divided into two sub-sectors, i. e. brackish water culture and
freshwater culture. The most important among these is the brackish-water prawn culture
which is practised in the northwestern province.
Administrative Districts, Provinces and Fisheries Districts
Administratively Sri Lanka is divided into 25 districts of which 14 are coastal districts
meaning that those have a maritime boundary. For purposes of administration, Chilaw, that is
a part of the district of Puttalam has been designated by the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources as a “Fisheries District”.
xix
Administrative
Districts
(coastal)
Colombo
Gampha
Kalutara
Fisheries
Districts
Administrative
Districts (inland)
Western
Colombo
Gampha
Kalutara
Ratnapura
Kegalle
Sabaragamuwa
Kurunegala
Northwestern
Galle
Matara
Hambantota
Southern
Galle
Matara
Hambantota
Kandy
Nuwara Eliya
Matale
Central
Ampara
Batticaloa
Trincomalee
Eastern
Mullativu
Jaffna
Kilinochchi
Mannar
Puttalam
Province
Northern
Northwestern
Kalmunai
Batticaloa
Trincomalee
Mullativu
Jaffna
Kilinochchi
Mannar
Moneragala
Badulla
Uva
Polonnaruwa
Anuradhapura
Northcentral
Vanni
Northern
Puttalam
Chilaw
Administrative Districts in Sri Lanka
xx
Province
Major Marine Fish Species/Groups
Commercial Group
English names of fish
representing the group
Scientific names of fish species
representing the group
Seer
Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus commersoni (ahin
thora)
Paraw
Jack, Trevallies
Carangoides gymnostethus (vattiya),
Carangoides fulvoguttatus (thunba
parawa), Caranx ignobilis (atanagul
parawa), Caranx heberi (guru
parawa).
Balaya
Skipjack tuna
Katsuwonus pelamis
Kelawalla
Yellowfin tuna
Thunnus albacares
Other blood fish
Sail fish
Istiophorus platypterus (thalapath)
Marlins
Makaira indica (kalu koppara)
Makaira mazara (nil koppara)
Tetrapturus audax (eri koppara)
Sword fish
Xiphias gladius (sappara)
Bigeye tuna
Thunnus abesus (esgedi kellawalla)
Bullet tuna
Auxis rochei (ragodu, kombaya)
Frigate tuna
Auxis thazard (alagoduwa)
Kawakawa
Euthynnus affinis (attawalla)
Mackerel shark
Thresher shark
Requiem sharks -Silky shark
Isurus sp.(mee mora)
Alopias sp. (kasa mora)
Carcharhinus falciformis (Honda
mora, bala mora)
Carcharhinus longimanus (polkola
mora)
Prionace glauca (seeni mora, hudja
mora)
Sphyrna sp. (udalu mora)
Sharks
Ocean whitetip shark
Blue shark
Hammerhead shark
Skates
Batoid fishes- Shovelnose rays
String rays
Spotted eagle rays
Javanese cownose rays
Rock fish (Gal malu)
Numbfishes,
Manta and Devil rays (major
xxi
Rhinobatos sp. (baloliya)
Dasyatis
sp.
(welli
maduwa)
Aetobatus narinari (vavul maduwa,
eagle ray)
Rhinoptera
javanica
(valuvadi,
cownose ray)
Narcine sp. (electric ray)
Mobula sp.(ali maduwa and anga
varieties)
maduwa)
Spangled emperor
Wavylined grouper
Lethrinus nebulosus (meewetiyaatissa)
Lethrinus olivaceus (uru hota)
Pristipomoides typus (kalamee)
Lutjanus rivulatus (badawa)
Lutjanus
argentimaculatus
(thambalaya)
Lutjanus
fulviflamma
(ranna)
Epinephelus malabaricus (gal bola,
gal kossa)
Epinephelus undulosus (lawaya)
Coral hind
Cephalopholis miniata (thambuwa)
Sri Lanka sweetlips
Plectorhinchus
(boraluwa)
Threadfin breams
Parrotfishes
Rabbitfish
Barracudas
Mullets
Nemipterus sp. (suddaha)
Scarus sp. (girawa)
Siganus sp. (orawa)
Sphyraena sp. (jeelawa)
Liza sp. (godaya)
Spotted sardinella
Smoothbelly sardinells
Rainbow sardine
White sardine
Amblygaster
sirm
(hurulla)
Amblygaster clupeoides (keerameen)
Dussumieria
acuta
(thondaya)
Escualosa thoracata (wella sudaya)
Shad
Goldstripe sardinella
White sardinella
Anchovy
Thryssa
Silverbiddies
Ponyfishes
Ilishas
Halfbeaks
Flying fish
Nematalosa nasus (koiya)
Sardinella gibbosa (kalawenna)
Sardinella albella (sudaya)
Stolephorus sp. (halmessa)
Thryssa sp. (lagga)
Gerres sp. (thirali)
Leiognathus sp. (karalla)
Ilish sp. (puvali)
Hemiramphus
sp.
(moralla)
Cheilopogon sp. (piyamessa)
Giant river prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (karadu
issa)
Penaeus indicus (kiri issa)
Penaeus monodon (karawadu issa)
Penaeus semisulcatus (kurutu issa)
Longface emperor
Sharptooth jobfish
Blubberlip snapper
Mangrove red snapper
Blackspot snapper
Malabar grouper
Shore seine (Podi
malu)
Prawns
Indian white shrimp
Giant tiger prawn
Green tiger prawn
Lobsters
Scalloped spiny lobster
Ornate spiny lobster
Pronghorn spiny lobster
Painted spiny lobster
Slipper lobsters
xxii
ceylonensis
Panulirus homorus (welli issa)
Panulirus ornatus (devi issa)
Panulirus penicillatus (gal issa)
Panulirus versicolor (bathic issa, raga
issa)
Panulirus polyphagus (mada issa)
Scyllarus sp. (sapaththuwa)
Others
Squids
Loligo singhalensis. (bothal della)
Loligo duvauceli (ahin della)
Cuttlefish
Sepia pharaonis (gembi della, pothu
della),
Sepia aculeata (poth della
Octopus sp. (buwalla)
Octopus
Sea cucumber
Holothuria scabra (welli attaya-sand
fish),
Holothuria fuscogilva (ham attayawhite teatfish), Holothuria nobilis
(polaga
attaya-black
teatfish),
Bohadschia marmorata (nul attayachalky fish)
Actinopyga miliaris (kalu attayablack fish)
Holothuria edulis (rathu attayapinkfish)
Holothuria atra (nari attaya-lolly
fish)
Thelenota ananas (annasi attayaprickly redfish), Thelenota anax
(punattaya-amberfish)
Stichopus chloronotus (dabalayagreen fish)
Portunus pelagicus (seenakkali-blue
swimming crab)
Scylla serrata (kalapu kakuluwamangrove crab)
Crabs
Major Marine Fish Categories
Tuna:
Kelawalla, Balaya
Other large pelagics:
Seer, other blood fish, sharks and skates
Demersal:
Rock fish, para
Small pelagic:
Shore seine varieties
Other marine:
Shrimps, prawns, lobsters, cuttlefish, squids, crabs
Member States of EU and SAARC
Countries, which are members of the European Union are called EU countries. The EU
countries to which Sri Lanka exports fish and fishery products are England, France,
Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Spain, Italy and Austria.
Seven states are members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
(SAARC). They are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka
xxiii
PARAMETERS RELEVENT TO FISHING INDUSTRY
Location
Between 5055’ and 9050’ North Latitude
Between 79042’ and 81053’ of East Longitude
432 km (270 miles) North to South
224 km (140 miles) West to East
Highest elevation: 2,524 m (8,282 ft.)
Land, Sea and Inlandwater Area
Land area:
Sea area (Exclusive Economic Zone):
Territorial sea area:
Continental shelf area:
Coastline:
Brackish water area:
Freshwater area:
Number of rivers:
Collective length of the river system:
62,705 sq. km
517,000 sq. km
21,500 sq. km
30,000 sq. km
1,620 km
158,016 ha
260,000 ha
103
4,560 km
Climate
Temperature of the Low country:
Temperature of the Hill country:
Average annual rainfall in mm:
Number of rainy days:
min. 24.4 0C (2003 and 2005)
max. 31.7 0C (2003 and 2005)
min. 17.1 0C (2003 and 2005)
max. 19.1 0C (2003 and 2005)
2,100 (2002), 2,030 (2003), 1,991 (2004), 1,706 (2005)
174 (2002), 162 (2003), 108 (2004), 93 (2005)
Demography and Vital Statistics
Mid-year population (' 000):
Growth rate (percentage):
19,252 (2003), 19,462 (2004), 19,668 (2005),
1.1 (1990),
1.4 (2000),
1.5 (2002),
1.3 (2003),
1.1 (2004),
1.1 (2005)
Labour force (' 000):
6,001 (1990), 6,827 (2000), 7,609 (2003),
7,984 (2004), 7,518 (2005)
Unemployment rate (percentage):
15.9 (1990), 7.6 (2000),
8.4 (2003),
8.5 (2004)
Literacy rate (2003/2004):
92.5% (Overall), 94.5% (Male), 90.6% (Female)
Gini coefficient of household income: 0.46 (2003/2004)
Output
GDP at current market price (SLR billion): 1,760 (2003), 2,029 (2004)
GNP at current market price (SLR billion): 1,737 (2003), 2,016 (2004)
xxiv