Kuvempu
University
Department of Chemistry
M.Sc. Chemistry Syllabus, (CBCS Scheme w.e.f.2010-2011)
M.Sc Course Pattern and Scheme of Examination under CBCS approved by
PG-BOS in Chemistry
Course Pattern:
Semester
I
II
III
IV
Theory
code
Hard core
ChHC-1.1
ChHC-1.2
ChHC-1.3
ChHC-1.4
Hard core
ChHC-2.1
ChHC-2.2
ChHC-2.3
ChHC-2.4
Elective
ChEL-2.1
Soft core
ChSC-3.1
ChSC-3.2
ChSC-3.3
ChSC-3.4
Elective
ChEL-3.1
Soft core
ChSC-4.1
ChSC-4.2
ChSC-4.3
ChSC-4.4
Project
Work
ChPR-4.1
Hrs/Week
Credits
Practicals
code
Hrs/Week
Credits
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
ChHCL-1.1
ChHCL-1.2
ChHCL-1.3
4
4
4
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
ChHCL-2.1
ChHCL-2.2
ChHCL-2.3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
Total Credits
per Semester
22
4
4
4
2
2
2
24
ChSCL-3.1
ChSCL-3.2
ChSCL-3.3
4
4
4
2
2
2
20
ChSCL-4.1
ChSCL-4.2
ChSCL-4.3
4
4
4
2
2
2
Total Credits : I-IV Sem (88) + Soft Skills (03) = 91
22
Theory and Practicals (M.Sc in Chemistry-CBCS):
ChHC-1.1: Analytical Chemistry-I
ChHC-1.2: Inorganic Chemistry-I
ChHC-1.3: Organic Chemistry-I
ChHC-1.4: Physical Chemistry-I
ChHCL-1.1: Inorganic Chemistry Practicals-I
ChHCL-1.2: Organic Chemistry Practicals-I
ChHCL-1.3: Physical Chemistry Practicals-I
ChHC-2.1: Analytical Chemistry-II
ChHC-2.2: Inorganic Chemistry-II
ChHC-2.3: Organic Chemistry-II
ChHC-2.4: Physical Chemistry-II
ChEL-2.1: Chemistry Elective-I
ChHCL-2.1: Inorganic Chemistry Practicals-II
ChHCL-2.2: Organic Chemistry Practicals-II
ChHCL-2.3: Physical Chemistry Practicals-II
ChSC-3.1: Analytical Chemistry-III
ChSC-3.2: Inorganic Chemistry-III
ChSC-3.3: Organic Chemistry-III
ChSC-3.4: Physical Chemistry-III
ChEL-3.1: Chemistry Elective-II
ChSCL-3.1: Inorganic Chemistry Practicals-III
ChSCL-3.2: Organic Chemistry Practicals-III
ChSCL-3.3: Physical Chemistry Practicals-III
ChSC-4.1: Analytical Chemistry-IV
ChSC-4.2: Inorganic Chemistry-IV
ChSC-4.3: Organic Chemistry-IV
ChSC-4.4: Physical Chemistry-IV
ChPR-4.1: Project Work
ChSCL-4.1: Inorganic Chemistry Practicals-IV
ChSCL-4.2: Organic Chemistry Practicals-IV
ChSCL-4.3: Physical Chemistry Practicals-IV
Kuvempu
University
Department of Chemistry
M.Sc. Chemistry Syllabus, (CBCS Scheme w.e.f.2010-2011)
M.Sc Course Pattern and Scheme of Examination under CBCS approved by
PG-BOS in Chemistry
Examination Pattern:
Semester
I
Theory
Max.
Marks
75
75
75
75
Paper
Duration
(hrs)
IA
Total
Paper
ChHC-1.1
ChHC-1.2
ChHC-1.3
ChHC-1.4
3
3
3
3
25
25
25
25
100
100
100
100
ChHCL-1.1
ChHCL-1.2
ChHCL-1.3
ChHC-2.1
ChHC-2.2
ChHC-2.3
ChHC-2.4
ChEL-2.1
3
3
3
3
1.5
75
75
75
75
40
25
25
25
25
10
Total
III
ChSC-3.1
ChSC-3.2
ChSC-3.3
ChSC-3.4
ChEL-3.1
3
3
3
3
1.5
75
75
75
75
40
25
25
25
25
10
Total
IV
Max.
Marks
50
50
50
IA
Total
-
50
50
50
400
Total
II
Practical
Duration
(hrs)
4
4
4
ChSC-4.1
ChSC-4.2
ChSC-4.3
ChSC-4.4
3
3
3
3
75
75
75
75
25
25
25
25
ChPR-4.1
Project
Report
75
-
Project
Viva
25
-
Total
150
100
100
100
100
50
450
ChHCL-2.1
ChHCL-2.2
ChHCL-2.3
100
100
100
100
50
450
ChSCL-3.1
ChSCL-3.2
ChSCL-3.3
100
100
100
100
ChSCL-4.1
ChSCL-4.2
ChSCL-4.3
4
4
4
50
50
50
-
50
50
50
150
4
4
4
50
50
50
-
50
50
50
150
4
4
4
50
50
50
-
50
50
50
100
150
500
Total Marks: I-IV SEM
Theory + Project
Practical
Total credits
2400
1800
600
88
M.Sc. (I SEM) Chemistry Syllabus (CBCS Scheme-2010)
ChHC-1.1: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY-I
64 hrs
UNIT-I: EVALUTION OF ANALITYCAL DATA
Role of analytical chemistry. Classification of analytical methods, types of instrumental,
analytical methods on the basis of sample size. Errors, types of errors – determinate and
indeterminate errors, accuracy and precision. Distribution of random errors- frequency
distributions, normal error curve. Statistical treatment of finite samples. Measures of central
tendency- mean, median, range, average deviation, relative average deviation, standard
deviation. Students confidence interval of the mean. Testing for significance comparison of two
means and two standard deviations. Criteria for a rejection of a observation – Q Test . Control
charts. Propagation of errors, significant figures. Least square method of deriving calibration of
plots. Principles of sampling, the sampling step. Methods for sampling solid, liquid and gaseous
samples. Effects of sampling uncertainties. Sampling hazardous. Need for quality assurance; ISO
9000 series of quality system. Significance and importance of six sigma concepts in maintaining
the quality.
16 hrs
UNIT-II: TITRIMETRIC AND GRAVIMETRIC METHOD OF ANALYSIS
Titrimetry, theory of indicators, indicator action, theoretical basis for titrimetric analysis,
classification of titrimetric analysis, acid-base redox complexations and precipitation titration in
non-aqueous media
Gravimetry; general principles, condition for precipitations, choice of precipitation, advantages
of using organic precipitation, factors influencing the solubility of the precipitate, theories of the
precipitation, co precipitation, effect of digestion, PFHS, pH change, ion releasing reagents,
change in oxidation states, use of mixed solvents and analytical applications.
16 hrs
UNIT-III: ELECTROANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Introduction, electrochemical cells, faradic and non-faradic current, mass transfer in cells,
galvanic and electrolytic cells, anodes and cathodes, liquid junction potential, schematic
representation of cells.
Polarography: Theory, principle and applications classical polarography, dropping mercury
electrode, polarogram, polarographic measurements, polarographic current, Ilkovic equation,
current and concentration relationship, half wave potential, oxygen interference- advantages and
limitations. Qualitative and quantitative analysis. Derivative polarography.
Amperometry, Coulometry at controlled potential and at constant current. Cyclic voltammetrybasic principles, instrumentation and applications.
Electrogravimetry-theory, electrode reactions, over-voltage, characteristics of a good deposit,
completeness of deposition, separation of metals at controlled cathode potential. Determination
of copper and nickel in Cu-Ni alloy.
16 hrs
UNIT-IV: CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
General description of chromatography- classification, chromatograms migration rates of solutes,
retention time, capacity factor, selectivity factor, band broadening and column efficiency, plate
theory and rate theory. Theory of band broadening, Van-Deemeter’s equation, column
resolution, factors influencing resolution.
Planar Chromatography: Paper and thin layer chromatography, stationary and mobile phase,
various techniques of development, visualization and evolution of chromatograms, applications.
Gas Chromatography: Introduction and overview of GSC and GLC: Instrumentation, sample
injection systems, columns, detectors- TCD, FID, β-ray ionization detectors, temp and pressure
programming and applications- quantitative and qualitative analysis: GC-MS. Derivative and
pyrolysis gas chromatography.
HPLC: Introduction, instrumentation, column packing, pumping systems, detector system and
applications.
16 hrs
REFERENCES
1.
Principles of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Robert de Levic International Edition
(1997), McGraw Hill Co.
2.
Quantitative Analysis, day and Underwood, Prentice/Hall Pvt. Ltd. 6th Edition
(1993).
3.
Vogel’s text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Revised by G.H. Jaffery, J.
Bassett, J. Mendhrn and R.C. Denny, ELBS 5th Edition (1998).
4.
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, D.C. Harris, W.M. Preeman and Co, NY, USA,
IVED, 1995.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Analytical Chemistry, Gray D. Christian, 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Introduction to Chromatography- Theory and Practice, V.K. Srivatsan and K.K.
Srivatsan, S. Chand Company Ltd. 4th Edition (1991).
Analytical Chromatography, G.R. Chatwal, Himalaya Publications, 7th Edition
(1998).
Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Skoog, Hollar and Nieman, Harcourt Asia Pvt.
Ltd. India, New Delhi, 5th Edition (1998).
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Skoog, West and Hollar, Harcourt Asia Pvt.
Ltd. India, New Delhi, 7th Edition (1998).
Bioseparations, Principles and Techniques, B. Sivasabkar, Prentice/Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 2005.
M.Sc. (I SEM) Chemistry Syllabus (CBCS Scheme-2010)
ChHC-1.2: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I
64 hrs
UNIT-I: CHEMICAL BONDING
Ionic bond- properties of ionic compound, close packing in ionic compounds, radius ratio rule,
types and structures of simple ionic compounds (NaCl, CsCl, CaF2, TiO2, perovskites and
spinels); Lattice energy, Born-Lande equation, Born-Haber cycle- application . Covalent
character in ionic bonds, Fajan’s rules. Percent ionic character and electronegativity values.
Hydration energy and solubility of ionic solids.
Covalent bond- Molecular orbital theory- LCAO method- sigma, Pi and delta M.Os. M.O
treatment of homo and hetero diatomic molecules. MOT of delocalized pi bonding systemsCO32-, NO3-.
16 hrs
UNIT-II: SHAPES OF POLY ATOMIC MOLECULES
Application of VSPER theory and geometry of covalent molecules. Role of p- and d-orbitals in
sigma and pi-bonding in nonmetallic compounds. Inter halogens –XY type (ClF, ICl, IBr), XY3
type,(ClF3, BrF3,ICl3) and XY5 type (ClF5, BrF5, ICl5),-trends in each type, preparation, uses and
structures.
Pseudo halogen: Cyanogen, thiocyanogen and selenocyanogen-preparation and properties and
applications.
Noble gas compounds: Reactivity trends, compounds of xenon (XeF2, XeF4, XeF6, XeOF2,
XeOF4) and krypton (KrF2)-preparation, reactions and structures.
UNIT-III: INORGANIC CHAINS, RINGS AND CAGES
Chemistry of boranes carboranes and metallo- carboranes- preaparation, chemistry structure and
bonding. S-N compounds (SN)4, (SN)n species-preparation, properties, structure and bonding;
Chalcogenide glasses; structure and switching phenomenon.
P-N compound : phossphazenes - trimer and tetramers , chlorophosphazenes- trimer and
tetramer, linear polymeric chlorophosphazenes- preparation, structure and bonding.
B-N compounds: borazoles-preparation properties structure and bonding. Silicone polymerpreparation properties structure bonding and applications.
Silicates and Zeolites - types, structure and application. Isopropyl and heteropoly molybdates and
tungstens – properties and structures.
16 hrs
UNIT-IV: MODERN CONCEPTS OF ACIDS AND BASES
Solvent system concept, relative strengths of acids and bases, leveling effects of solvents; Lux –
flood and Usanovich concept; HSAB concept, basis of HSAB concept, acid- base strength and
hardness and softness; symbiosis application of HSAB concept. Reactions in non-aqueous
solvent: Types of solvents, physical properties of solvents; acid – bases concept in non aqueous
solvents. Reactions in liquid NH3, anhydrous H2SO4, CH3COOH, and liquid SO2; metal-NH3
solution.
16 hrs
REFERENCES:
1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry , 5th ed., F.A. Cotton and G.Wilkinson; John Willey and
sons, 1988
2. Inorganic Chemistry; Principles of structure and reactivity, 3rd ed., James E Huheey, Ellen
E. Keither and Richard L Keither, Harper Collins college Pub., 1933
3. Inorganic Chemitsyr 3rd ed., Shriver and Atkins, Oxford University Press, 1999
4. Organometallic Chemistry, A Unified approach R.C.Mehrotra and A. Singh. Willey
Eastern, New Delhi
5. Concepts and Models in Inorganic Chemistry II ed., Douglas , Mc Danial and Alexander
6. A concise Inorganic Chemistry, J.D.Lee, ELBS Ed., 1991
7. Modern aspects of Inorganic Chemistry, H.J.Emeleus and A.G.Sharpe, ELBS
8. Chemistry of the elements, Green wood and Earnshaw, Pergaman Press, Oxford, 1986
9. Solid state Chemsitry and its application, A.R. West, John Willey and sons
10. Theoretical Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, IV ed., G.S.Manku, Tata, Mc Graw Hill,
1990
M.Sc. Chemistry Syllabus (CBCS Scheme)
Revised regulations 2010
I Semester
ChHC-1.3:ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
64 Hrs
Unit I
Basic aspects of organic molecules and reaction mechanism
16 Hrs
: sp3, sp2, sp – with examples.
: in conjugated systems, in ring systems- modern
concepts of aromaticity (Huckle rule), aromaticity of
benzene, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, cyclic
ions, heterocyclic compounds, annulenes and
heteroanuulenes.
Resonance
: Rules and its effects.
Electronic effects
: Inductive, electronic, resonance and hyperconjugation.
Steric effects and hydrogen bonding
Concept of hybridization
Delocalization of electrons
Classification of organic reagents and reactions.
Reactive Intermediates
: carbocation, carbanion, free radicals, carbenes,
nitrenes, and arynes- their formation, stability,
structure and reactions.
Organic
: Effect of substituents with examples
acid and bases
Methods of determining reaction mechanism:
1. Kinetic and non- kinetic methods
2. Identification of products
3. Detection of intermediates
4. Study of catalyst
5. Isotopic labeling
6. Stereochemical evidences
.
Unit II
16 Hrs
Substitution reactions:
Nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon :
SN1, SN2 , SNi reactions – effect of solvent, substrate and leaving group.
Neighboring group participation. Substitution at vinylic and allylic carbon. SN1’, SN2’ , SNRN1,
Elecrophilic substitution substitutions: SE1, SE2, SEi reactions.
Aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions:
General mechanism of electrophilic in aromatic systems- using examples of
1. Nitration
2. Halogenation
3. Sulphonation
4. Friedal Craft alkylation
5. Friedal Craft acylation
Orientation effect of disubstitution in aromatic systems.
Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions:
Substitution of hydrogen, substitution other than hydrogen
SNAR reactions.
Unit III
Addition and Elimination reaction
16 Hrs
Addition reactions:
Addition to Carbon-Carbon and Carbon-Hetero atom multiple bonds. Addition involving
electrophiles, nucleophiles, and free radicals: addition of HCN, bisulphate, Grignard reagent ,
hydride, amino compounds alcohols and thioalcohols to C=O. Mechanism, orientation and
stereochemistry of addition of halogen, hydrogen halides, carboxylic acids, alcohols, and amines.
Mechanism of polymerization reactions.
Elimination reactions:
E1, E2, E1CB mechanisms, Orientation during Elimination reactions, Saytzeff and Hoffmann rules,
pyrolytic eliminations, Chugave, cope eliminations, Hoffmann degradation and dehalogenation
of vicinal di halides.
Competition between substitution and elimination.
Unit IV
Stereochemistry
16 Hrs
Part-1: Optical isomerism:
Molecular presentation : Sawhorse, Newman, Fischer and flying wedge formula
Concepts of chirality : symmetry elements and chiral structures, absolute configurations-D, L
and R, S threo and erythro nomenclature.
Enantiomers, epimers, anomers, recemic mixtures, resolution. Diastereomers in cyclic and
acyclic systems.
Conformational analysis of simple acyclic systems (butane, 1,2-dichloroethane) and acyclic
systems(chair and boat forms of cyclohexane ) effect of conformation reactivity in acyclic and
cyclic systems.
Stereoisomerism in biphenyls, allenes, and spirans
New methods of asymmetric synthesis: enzymatic-emulsin, penicillin, glaucum, aspirin,
catalytic-LAH, NaH, sterically hindered Grignard reagent.
Enantio selective synthesis and diastereo selective synthesis.
Part II: Geometrical isomerism:
Cis-trans, syn-anti and E, Z notations for geometrical isomers.
Geometrical isomerism in substituted alkenes, oximes, imines, monocyclic and fused and bridge
ring system.
Determination of configuration of geometrical isomers : Physical and chemical methods.
CH.HCL 1.2 Organic Chemistry Practical
Systematic Qualitative analysis of Organic binary mixture
M.Sc. Chemistry Syllabus (CBCS Scheme-2010)
ChHC-1.4: Physical Chemistry - I
64 hours
UNIT-1: THERMODYNAMICS
Review of basic principles of thermodynamics, Brief review of laws of thermodynamics,
concepts of free energy and entropy, combined form of I and II laws of thermodynamics,
thermodynamic criteria for equilibrium and spontaneity, variation of free energy with
temperature and pressure. Maxwell’s relations, thermodynamic equations of state, principle of
equipartition energy. Physical equilibrium involving phase transitions, Classius-Clapeyron
equation and its applications. Entropy of vapourisation and Trauton’s rule, limitations of
Vantoff’s equation. Nernst heat theorem, determination of free energy change. Third law of
thermodynamics, determination of third law entropies, concepts of residual entropy.
Thermodynamics of systems of variable compositions, partial molar properties, partial
molar volume and its determination, partial molar free energy –chemical potential and its
significance, Gibbs-Duhem equation, thermodynamics of ideal and real gases and gas mixtures.
Fugasity-its variation and determination, activity and activity coefficient. Duhem-Margules
equation and its application. Thermodynamics of ideal and non-ideal dilute solutions.
16 Hrs
Unit-II: QUANTUM CHEMISTRY
A brief resume of black body radiation: Classical and Max Plank quantum theories,
Photoelectric effect, Compton effects, vibration of atoms in crystals, hydrogen atomic spectrum,
Rydberg formula. Bohr-hydrogen atom model, wave particle duality, uncertainty principle. Onedimensional wave equation and its solution (time dependent).
Postulates of quantum mechanics: Operators; Algebraba of operators, properties, Hamiltonian
property, Eigen functions and Eigen values, normalization and orthogonality, probability
distribution function. Formulation of Schrödinger’s equation, Application to particle in one- and
three-dimensional boxes.
16 Hrs
Unit-III: CHEMICAL DYNAMICS
The rate of reactions, the rate law and the rate constant, order of a reaction, integration of
rate expressions [first, second, third and zero order reactions], half-life of a reaction, methods of
determining order of a reaction [differential, integral, half-life and isolation methods], order and
molecularity of a reaction, mechanism of complex reactions, collisions and encounters, effect of
temperature and catalyst on reaction rates, the Arrhenius equation. Theories of reaction rates
[collision theory and activated complex theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions], the Erying
equation, the Lindemann theory of unimolecular gaseous reactions. Kinetics of complex
reactions [reversible, consecutive, and chain reactions]. Kinetics of reactions in solution
[diffusion controlled reactions-the Debye-Smoluchowski equation]. Influence of ionic strength
and solvent on reaction rates. Kinetic isotopic effects. Kinetics of fast reactions, flow methods,
pulse method, flash photolysis, pulse radiolysis, relaxation methods. Molecular reaction
dynamics and potential energy surfaces. Introduction to femtochemistry.
16 Hrs
UNIT-IV: ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Electrolytic
solutions,
strong
electrolytes,
ionic-atmosphere,
relaxation
and
electrophoretic effects, quantitative treatment of Debye –Huckle theory and its extension by
Onsagar. Activity and activity coefficients, mean ionic activity coefficient, dependence of
activity coefficients on ionic strength (Debye–Huckle limiting law), D-H equation for
appreciable concentration [Debye Huckle–bronsted equation].
Thermodynamics of electrolytic cells, polarization and over voltage, decomposition
potential. Electrochemical energy systems - introduction, fundamentals of batteries, dry cell,
alkaline MnO2 batteries and other secondary batteries, Lead acid and alkaline storage batteries.
Battery charging-theory and practice. Energy economics, Fuel cells –types, electrochemistry of
fuel cells.
16Hrs
REFFERENCES
1. Physical chemistry-Atkins,ELRS,1982.
2. Physical chemistry –Moore,Orient Longman,1972.
3. An introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics–R.P.Rastogi
And S.S.Misra,Vikash,Delhi,1978.
4. Thermodynamics –Rajaram and Kunakose,East West, Nagin Cx,Dehli,1986.
5. Chemical kinetics –Laidler,Harper and Row ,1987.
6. Kinetics of Chemical reactions -S,K,Jain Vishal Publications,19821.
7. Kinetics and mechanism- Moore and pearson,Willey,1980.
8. The foundations of Chemical kinetics –Bensen,Mc Graw.
9. Chemical kinetics – Laidler,Harper and Row .1987.
10. An introduction to Electrochemistry –Glastone,East west Ltd.
11. Electrochemistry principles and applications –Porter.
12. Industrial Electrochemistry –D.Pletcher and F.C.Walsh,Chapman and Hall ,II Edition,1984.
13. Introductory Quantum Mechanics – Atkins ,Claredon,Oxford
14. Quantum chemistry-Kauzman,Academic Press,1957.
15. Quantum chemistry-R.K.Prasad ,II.Ed,New Age Int-2000.
M.Sc. (II SEM) Chemistry Syllabus (CBCS Scheme-2010)
ChHC-2.1: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY-II
64 hrs
UNIT-1
Molecular symmetry and Group theory:
Symmetry elements, and symmetry operations, rotational axis, plane of symmetry, rotationreflection axis, center of symmetry and identity. Product of symmetry operations, general
relation ship among symmetry elements and operations.
Group theory: Concept of group, properties of group, definition of point groups, procedure for
classification of molecules in to point groups, group multiplication table, representation of
symmetry operation as matrices, Reducible and irreducible tables. Orthogonality theorem,
derivation of character tables for Cλ∞ , C Λc and D2h point groups, symmetry and dipole
moments. Application of group theory to IR and Raman spectroscopy especially with respect to
CO2, NH3 and H2O molecules (deduction of selection rules for spectroscopic transitions).
16 Hr
UNIT-II
General introduction to Spectroscopy: Nature and Interaction of electromagnetic radiation,
energies corresponding to various kinds of radiations, atomic and molecular transitions, selection
rules, spectral width, factors influencing positions and intensity of spectral lines.
Electronic Spectroscopy:
Quantitative aspects of absorption measurement – Beer’s law and its limitations, terminology
associated with electronic spectroscopy, types of absorption bands and theoretical interpretation,
effects of solvent and structure on max and theoretical prediction of max for polyenes, ,unsaturated aldehydes, ketones (Woodward-Fieser rules) and substituted benzenes.
Instrumentation and applications.
16 hrs
UNIT -III
IR and Raman Spectroscopy: Theory of IR absorption, types of vibrations, theoretical number of
fundamental modes of vibrations and group frequencies, factors affecting group frequencies and
band shapes, physical states of the sample, vibrational coupling, electrical effect, inductive
effects, hydrogen bonding and ring structure, Instrumentation, FTIR instrument and its
advantages, sample handling techniques, qualitative applications of IR-Correlation charts,
important regions in IR. Applications to structural elucidation of simple organic molecules;
Applications of IR spectroscopy to coordination compounds, organo-transition metal complexes,
(N,N-dimethyl acetamide, urea, thiourea, DMSO, NO3-, SO42-, NO2-). Far IR spectroscopyeffects of coordination and symmetry of donar molecules. Basic principles of Raman
spectroscopy and its relationship to IR.
16 hrs
UNIT - IV
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: Types of nuclei, theory of population of
nuclear magnetic energy levels and relaxation process-chemical shifts, mechanism of shielding,
factors influencing chemical shifts, spin - spin coupling, rules governing the interpretation of
first order, spectra. Low and high resolution NMR, Karplus equation, line broadening, chemical
exchange, de coupling techniques, shift reagents, Fluxional molecules, nuclear Over-Hauser
effect, COSY-2D, NMR Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Application to structure
elucidation of simple organic molecules. Use of NMR in paramagnetic complexes, FTNMR, C 13
NMR - basic theory, natural abundance of C13, chemical shift, multiplicity of signal,
Applications, NMR of solids.
Mass Spectroscopy: Introduction, basic theory, instrumentation-Mass spectrometer, methods of
generation of positively charged ions, mass analysers, resolving power, molecular ion peak, base
peak, meta-stable peak, modes of fragmentations, McLafferty rearrangement, Retro Diels-Alder
reaction, ortho effect, structural elucidation of some organic compounds Negative ions, mass
spectrometry, determination of appearance potential and ionization potential, determination of
molecular weight and molecular formulae, application of mass spectrometry in qualitative and
quantitative analysis.
16 hrs
REFERENCES
1. Principles of Quantitative chemical Analysis -Robert de Levie, International edition, 1997,
McGraw Hill Co.
2. Quantitative Analysis- Day ad Underwood, Prentice Hall Indian, Pvt., Ltd., 6th edition
(1993).
3. Vogel’s Text book of quantitative Chemical Analysis -Revised by G.H. Jaffery, J. Basset,
J. Mendhum and R.C. Denney, ELBS 5th edition (1998).
4. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds – P.S. Kalasi Wiley Eastern Ltd. India,
(1993).
rd
5. Organic spectroscopy-William Kemp. 3 edition ELBS. (1991).
6. Nuclear magnetic Resonance- PJ. Hore, Oxford Science Publications (1995).
7. Introduction to Instrumental Analysis-R.D. Braun, McGraw Hill International Editions
(1987).
8. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, G.M. Barrow, McGraw Hill Book Co., (1982).
9. Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, C.N. Banwell, Tata McGraw Hill Book Co.,
(1973).
10. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Basic Principles, Attur Rabman: Springer Veriag, New
York, Inc., (1986).
11. Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy- G. Aruldas, Prentice Hall India. New Delhi,
(2001).
12. Principles of Instrumental Analysis-Skoog, West and Hollar and Nieman, Harcourt, Asia
Pvt., Ltd., India, New Delhi, 5th Edition, (1998).
13. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry- Skoog, West and Hollar, Harcourt, Asia Pvt., Ltd.,
India. New Delhi, 7th Edition, (1998).
14. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis-B.K. Sharma, Goel Publishing House.
Meerut, (2000).
15. Instrumental Methods of Analysis-Willard, Merrit and Dean, 7th Edition, (1998).
16. Structural Methods in inorganic Chemistry-E.A.V. Ebsworth, David W.H. Rankin and S.
Cradock, Blackwell Scientific Publications, (1987).
17. Interpretation of C13 NMR Spectra-F. W. Whrli, A P. Marchand and S. Whrli, John Wiley
and Sons, 2nd Editions, (1989).
M.Sc. (II SEM) Chemistry Syllabus (CBCS Scheme-2010)
ChHC-2.2: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II
64 hrs
UNIT-I
d - Block elements: Electronic configuration, general characteristics and correlation with
electronic configuration; comparative study of 3d, 4d and 5d elements by taking titanium subgroup as example.
F-block elements: Position in the periodic table, f-orbitals and their symmetry aspects.
Lanthanides-electronic configuration, oxidation states, lanthanide contraction, Extraction and
separation of lanthanides-difficulties, ion-exchange methods: complex formation-coordination
number and stereochemistry, colour, spectra and magnetic properties, comparison with d-block
elements: lanthanides as shift reagents.
Actinides-electronic configuration, oxidation states, extraction and separation of actinides,
spectral and magnetic properties, complexes; comparison with lanthanides and d-block elements.
Trans-uranium elements, further extension of P.T.: super heavy elements (SHE).
16 hrs
UNIT-II
Coordination chemistry: Introduction, chelating and bridging type of ligands, macrocyclic
ligand, nomenclature. Preparation of coordination compounds direct reactions-substitution,
oxidation, reduction, photochemical, thermal decomposition and electrochemical methods.
Direct method-colour change, conduction, pH, solubility, precipitate formation and magnetic
methods. Solubility coordination complexes ; thermodynamic and kinetic stability; stability
constants-stepwise (Kn) and overall stability (βn)constants, trends in k n relation between kn and
βn. Factors affecting stability of metal ion, ligand, solvent effect, role of hardness and softness,
Irving – William Series. Determination of composition: Jobs method, mole ratio method, slope
ratio method. Determination of stability constants: Spectrophotometric method, pH (Bjerrums)
method, polarographic method, ion-exchange method and solubility method.
UNIT-III
Isomerism in metal complexes; Structural Isomerism – ionization, coordination, linkage, solvate
( hydrate), ligand and polymerization isomers. Stereoisomerism; geometrical (cis-trans), optical
isomerism; optical isomerism in coordination No. 4 and 6. Identification of isomeric metal
complexes; conductance method. Cryoscopy method, IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Dipole
moment, NMR spectroscopy.
Bonding in metal complexes: Valence bond and crystal field theory-salient feature; crystal field
splitting of d-orbitals in octahedral, tetrahedral, tetragonal and square planer fields, magnitude of
∆, factors affecting ∆, CFSE, evidences for crystal field
stabilization; short comings of CFT,
evidences for covalence.
MO, treatment of bonding in octahedral complexes involving sigma-bonding; absorption spectra
of d1 and d2 systems. Magnetic properties; high-spin, low-spin complexes, explanation of
magnetic properties of complexes based on VBT and CFT.
16 hrs
UNIT-IV
Environmental Chemistry: Atmosphere; segments and temperature distribution. Air pollution;
types of pollutants-particular matter, SOX, NOX, COX, H2S, CFCs-sources and effects on
vegetation, material and health: photochemical smog, fog, green house effect, acid rain; ozone
layer and ozone layer depletion. Air quality standards; air pollution sampling; monitoring of SO2,
NOx, COx, H2S and HCs, particulate and emission control. Water pollution: Water quality
parameters- D.O, BOD, solids, metals, contents of Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-, NO2-, micro organism;
water quality standards; biochemical effects of As, Cd, Pb, Hg, NO2-. Water pollution-inorganic,
organic, pesticide, detergents, oil spills and domestic sewage. Determination of BOD, COD, DO,
AS, Cd, Hg, Pb. Residual chloride, chlorine demand. Some case studies of air and water
pollution – Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Chernobyl, Three Mile Island and disasters.
16 hrs
REFERENCES
1. Advanced inorganic chemistry- F. A cotton and G Wilkinson, john-wily and sons.
2. Inorganic chemistry ; principles of structure and reactivity – James E Huheey.
3. Ellen E. Keither and Richard L Keither, Harper Collins Pug, 1993.
4. Comprehensive coordination chemistry – Eds. –G Wilkinson, R.D Gillars and J A
McCleurty, Pergamon.
5. Synthesis and characterization of inorganic compound – W.L Jolly, Prentice Hall.
6. Environmental Chemistry – A. K. De, Wiley Estern.
7. Environmental pollution analysis – S M. Khopkar, Wiley Eastern.
M.Sc. Chemistry Syllabus (CBCS Scheme)
Revised regulations 2010
II Semester
ChHC-2.3:ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
64 Hrs
Unit I
Rearrangement reactions
16 Hrs
Rearrangement reactions:
Classification and general mechanistic treatment of nucleophilic, electrophilic and free radical
rearrangements.
Rearrangement reactions involving migration to electron deficient carbon:
1. Wagner-Meerwein
2. Pinacol-pinacolone
3. Benzil-benzilic acid
4. Wolf
Rearrangement reactions involving migration to electron rich carbon:
5. Favorskii
6. Sommlet-Houser
7. Naber
8. Steven
Rearrangement reactions involving migration to electron deficient nitrogen:
9. Hoffmann
10. Lossen
11. Curtius
12. Schmidt
8. Beckmann
Rearrangement reactions involving migration to electron deficient oxygen:
13. Bayer- Villiger
14. Hydroperoxide
15. Dakin
.
Unit II
Photochemistry and Pericyclic reactions:
16 Hrs
Photochemistry:
Bonding and antibonding orbitals, singlet and triplet states, relative energies of excited state,
Jablonski diagram.
Photo reduction of ketones, photooxidation, photoisomerisation, photosensitization.
Photolysis-Norrish type-I and type-II reactions,
di-pi-methane rearrangement, Patterno-Buchi reaction and photochemistry of arenes.
Pericyclic Reactions:
Classification of pericyclic reactions, FMO and PMO approach to the following reactions.
Electrocyclic reactions- Conrotatory and disrotatory ring closure 4n and 4n + 2
and allylic systems
Cycloadditions reactions- Antrafacial and suprafacial additions.
Sigmatrophic rearrangements: Antrafacial and suprafacial shift involving C and H. Woodward
and Hofamann selection rules for pericyclic reactions.
Ene, Claisen and Cope reaction
Unit III
Heterocyclic compounds and crown ethers
16 Hrs
Nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds
Synthesis and reactivity of :
Furan, thiophene, pyrrole, indole, imidazole, pyrazole, isoxazoles, oxazoles, thiazoles, pyridine,
quinoline, isoquinoline, pyrimidine, pyrazine, purine, uric acid and cafine.
Mesoinonic compounds: Introduction, synthesis and applications of sydnones, oxadiazolium and
thiadiazolium compounds
Crown ethers – preparation, properties and application of 18-crown-6-ether.
Unit IV
Bioorganic polymers
16 Hrs
Carbohydrates:
Polysaccharides- structural elucidation of starch, cellulose, glycogen, their importance as energy
and structural materials polysaccharides as source of energy and structural materials , Structure
of chitin and insulin.
Polypeptides and Proteins:
Amino acids- Classification, structure, methods of synthesis (Gabriel phthalimide, malonic
easter, azlactone, Darapsky, Streker and Bucherer hydantoin)and properties.
Synthesis of polypeptides- Use of blocking agents, Bruce-Merrifield synthesis of polypeptides.
Structure of proteins- End group analysis Primary secondary, tertiary and quaternary, Biological
importance of proteins.
Nucleic acids:
Classification , components of nucleic acids, structures and synthesis of nucleosides and
nucleotides .
Crick-Watson model of DNA,
m-RNA,t-RNA and r-RNA.
Role of DNA and RNAs in protein synthesis .
Genetic code-salient features.
CH.HCL 2.3 Organic Chemistry Practical
1. Preparations:
One step preparation involving the following reactions
a. Substitution
b. Oxidation
c. Rearrangement
d. Named reactions
Note: Recrystallization of the crude sample has to be carried out
and M.P. and Rf of the compound have to be determined
2. Estimation:
Estimation of Aniline and Phenol by bromination method
Estimation of Amide and ester by hydrolysis method.
References:
1. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Willey Interscience, 1994.
2. F. A. Carey and Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry – Part A & B, 3rd edition, Plenum
Press, New York, 1990.
3. H. Pine, Hendrickson, Cram and Hammond, Organic Chemistry, Mac Grow Hill,
New York, 1987.
4. I.L. Finar, Organic Chemistry, ELBS Longmann, Vol. I & II, 1984
5. Principles of organic synthesis, Richard Norman and J. M. Coxon
6. Stereochemistry by Eliel
7. Stereochemistry by Nasipuri
8. Stereochemistry by Kalasi
9. Synthetic organic Chemistry by Ahaluwalia
10. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis – B. M. Trost and I. Fleming series, Pergamon Press, New
York, 1991.
11.S. K. Ghosh, Advanced General Organic Chemistry, Book and Alleied (P) Ltd, 1998
12. Steurt Warren.Disconnection approach, by 13. Spectroscopy by B. P. Straughan and S.
Walker, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, Vol. 2, 1976.
14. Willium Kemp, ELBS Society, MacMillan, 1987.
15. John R. Dyer,Application of absorption spectroscopy to organic compounds by Prentic-Hall
of India Private Ltd., New Delhi, 1974.
16. V. R. Dhani Organic spectroscopy by, Tata McGrow-Hall publishing compny Ltd., New
Delhi, 1995.
17. B. P. Straughan, S. Walker, Chapman and Hall, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, Vol. 1,
1976.
18. Robert M. Silverstein, G. Clayton Bassler and Terence C. Morrill, Spectrometric
identification of organic compounds, 4th edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, Vol. 1,
1981.
19. F. W. Wehrli and T. Wirthlin, Heyden, Interpretation of carbon-13 NMR spectra,
London, 1976.
20. W. Carrothers, Modern Synthetic Chemistry
21. Marry Anny Fox, Organic Chemistry
22. Seyhan Ege, Organic Chemistry
23. L.G. Wade, Organic Chemistry
24. Y. Bruice. Organic Chemistry
25. Morison and Boyed, Organic Chemistry
M.Sc. Chemistry Syllabus (CBCS Scheme)
Revised regulations 2010
II Semester
64 Hrs
ChHC- 2.4: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-II
64Hrs
UNIT-I: STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS
Maxwell-boltzmann distribution law (sterling’s approximations), Partition functions and
evolution of translational, rotational and vibrational partition functions for monatomic and
polyatomic ideal gases. Electronic partition functions. Calculation of thermodynamic functions
and equilibrium constant in terms of partition functions. Entropy of mono atomic gas SackurTetrode equation. Comparison of third law and statistical entropies.
Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac statistics
Statistical thermodynamic properties of solids.
and
their comparison.
Thermal characteristics of crystalline solid,
Einstein model, Debye modification, other thermodynamic functions. Limitation and
modification of Debye theory-Complex solids, Electronic heat capacity of solids.
16 Hrs
UNIT-II: MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
The electromagnetic spectrum, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Quantization of different forms of energy (transnational, rotational, vibrational and electronic),
conditions of resonance and energy of absorption for various types of spectra, width and
intensity of spectral lines (Doppler broadening and selection rules). The theoretical treatment of
rotation, (rigid and non-rigid rotator models), linear poly-atomic molecules. Determination of
bond lengths. Isotopic effect on rotation spectra. Vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules,
linear harmonic oscillator model. The anharmonic vibrations, Morse potential and potential
energy surfaces, fundamental vibration-frequencies, overtones and hot bands, degree of
freedom of polyatomic molecules. Vibration-rotation spectra of diatomic and linear polyatomic
molecules, PQR branches.
16 Hrs
UNIT-III: Radiation and Photochemistry
Photophysical process: A review of laws of photochemistry, experiments in
photochemistry, actinometers, quantum yield, photo properties, fluorescence, phosphorescence,
chemiluminescence
and
electrochemilumiscence.
Stem-Volmer
equation,
Lasers
in
photochemical studies, photo-electrochemistry, solar energy conversion and storage.
Interaction
of radiation with matter, method of losing energy and common units,
dosimetry (terms and units, chemical dosimeters-Fricke and Ceric sulphate dosimeters).
Radiation chemistry of gases, water, aqueous solution and solids. Biological
radiation. Safety measures against radiation hazard.
effects of
16 Hrs
UNIT-IV: POLYMER CHEMISTRY
Types of polymer (linear, branched, cross linked and copolymer with example- a
qualitative account). Molecular weight distributions: number average and weight-average
molecular weight. Thermo plastic and thermosets, fibers and plastics (only qualitative account).
Determination of average molecular weight – end group analysis, viscosity method, ultracentrifugation method, osmotic pressure method [derivation of equations not necessary],
sedimentation velocity method and light scattering method [Zimm plot]. Kinetics of
polymerization-condensation and step-growth polymerization, kinetics of free radical
polymerization,
chain
transfer
reactions,
anionic
polymerization,
co-polymerization.
Polydispersivity.
Analysis and testing of polymers, chemical
analysis of polymers, spectroscopy
method, X-ray diffraction study, microscopy and thermal analysis. Physical testing: tensile
strength, fatigue, impact tear resistance hardness and abrasion resistance. Properties of
commercial polymers-fire retarding polymers-electrically conducting polymers, biomedical
polymers, polymer blends, alloys, and composits. Uses of polymer additives.
16 hrs
REFERENCES:
1. Elements of statistical thermodynamics- E.K.Nash, Wesley, 1974
2. Statistical thermodynamics- M.C.Gupta, Willey Eastern ltd. 1990.
3. Statistical mechanics-Doley.
4. Polymer science- Gowrikar.
5. Textbook of polymer science –Billmeyer, Willey Intersection.
6. Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy –Banwell. Tata Mc GrawHills, 1975.
7. Introduction to molecular spectroscopy-Barrow, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1962.
8. Physical chemistry of macromolecules-Tanford.
9. Laboratory Techniques in Electro analytical chemistry- P.T.Kissinger and Heinman.
Marcel DeckkerInc, 1984.
10. Principles of polography, Kapoor and Agarwal.
11. Cyclic Voltametry, K.T.Vasu.
12. Adsorption and Catalysis-Chakraborthy.
13. Essentials of Nuclear Chemsitry, Amikar, Willey –Eastern
14. Introduction to Radiation Chemsitry –Woods and Spinks
15. Nuclear Chemsitry-Freindlander, Kenedy and Miller-Eastern
M.Sc. Chemistry Syllabus (CBCS Scheme)
Revised regulations 2010
II Semester
Elective papers for II Semester
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Chemistry of medicinal plants
Manufacture of soaps and detergents
Greeen chemistry
Bio analytical techniques
Nanomaterials
Basics of solid state chemistry
Textile and clothing chemistry
Bioelectrochemistry
Metal finishing
Electrchemical energy sources
Electroanalytical chemistry
Polymer chemistry
M.Sc. Chemistry Syllabus (CBCS Scheme)
With Effect From 2011
Revised Regulations
III Semester
ChSC-3.1: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY-III
Total: 48 hrs
3hrs /week
UNIT I:
16 hrs
FLAME PHOTOMETRY AND ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY:
Introduction, Principle, flames and flame spectra variation of emission intensity with
flames, flame back ground, metallic spectra inflame, total consumption and premix
burners, interferences, role of temperature on absorption, atomic absorption spectroscopy.
sources, hallow cathode lamp, line sources, comparative study of AAS and flame
spectroscopy; applications of AAS and Flame photometry. Qualitative and quantitiave
determination of alkali and alkaline earth metals and general different samples by FES.
Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy and Atomic emission spectroscopy, principles,
instrumentation and applications.
UNIT II:
16 hrs
LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY (MOLECULAR LUMINESCENCE):
Introduction, Fluorescence and phosphorescence, excited states, deactivation processes,
variable that affect fluorescence and phosphorescence. Relation between intensity and
concentration, Instrumentation, Basic difference in the measurement of fluorescence and
phosphorescence, general scope of application, comparison of flourimetry and
phosphometry, Flourescent indicators, applications; flourimetric analysis of inorganic,
organic, pharmaceutical and biological materials; chemilumineacences.
.
ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE (ESR) SPECTROSCOPY:
Basic principle, interaction between electron spin and magnetic field; Origin of spectral
lines; intensity, width and position of spectral lines; Relaxation process; multiplicity in
ESR hyper fine splitting; g-value and factors affecting ‘g’ values. Rules for interpretation
of spectra, zero field splitting, Krammer’s degeneracy, Jahn-Teller’s distortion, isotropic
and Anisotropic coupling constants; Nuclear quadrapole coupling interaction, spin
Hamiltonian, ESR spectra of radical containing a single set of equivalent protons-methyl,
p-benzoquine anion, cyclopentadienyl, benzene, cycloheptatrienyl anions; ESR spectra of
transition metal complexes and applications.
UNIT III:
MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY:
Theory and principles, experimental methods, isomer shift, quadrapole interactions,
electron density. Magnetic interactions; time and temperature dependent effect,
Application; Iodine trihalides, Prussian blue, trisiron dodecacarbonyl, tin halides,
hexacyano ferrate and nitroprussides.
NUCLEAR QUADRAPOLE RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY:
Consequence of nuclear spin larger than ½, prolate and oblate nucleus, nuclear
quadrapolar charge distribution-theory and instrumentation, relationship between electric
field gradients and molecular structure, applications and interpretation of eQq data. Effect
of crystal lattice on the magnitude of eQq. Structural information from NQR spectra.
ChSCL-3.1: Practicals: Pertaining to the Flame Photometry and atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy, UV-Visible Spectroscopy and other experiments, Coordination Chemistry,
Electronic spectra of complexes, Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes,
Reactions, Kinetics and Mechanism, and other experiments
REFERENCES:
1. Introduction to Instrumental Analysis – R.D. Braun 1986.
2. Molecular structure and Spectroscopy – G. Aruldas, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi.
3. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Skoog, Hollar and Niemann, Harcourt Asian Pvt
ltd India, New Delhi, 5th edition 1998.
4. Instrumental method of chemical analysis – B.K. Sharma, Goel publishing House,
Meerut 2000.
5. Instrumental method of analysis – Willard, merit and Dean, 7th edition 1998.
6. Organic spectroscopy – William Kemp, 3rd Edition ELBS 1991.
7. Organic spectroscopy – Kalasi, Tata Mc.Graw Hill 1993.
8. Identification of organic compounds, Silerstain, Bessler and Morril. John Wiley and
Sons, 5th edition 1991.
9. Element of magneto chemistry – R.I. Duna and Symal, 2nd Edition, Affiliated, EastWest press Pvt.Ltd.
10. Nuclear Nagnetic Resonance, Basic principles, Atta-ur-Rahman, springer – Verleg,
New York, Inc. 1986.
11. Organic spectroscopy by Jag Mohan – Himalayan Publications.
12. Physical methods in Inorganic Chemistry, Russel S. Drago, Affiliated East-West press
pvt. Limited. New Delhi 1971.
13. Structural methods in inorganic chemistry – E.A.V. Ebsworth, David, W.H. Rankin
and Stephen Cradock- Blackwell scientific publications 2nd edition 1999.
14. Interpretation of C13 NMR Spectra – F.W. Whrli, A.P. Marchand and S. Whrli. John
Wiley and Sons, 2th edition 1989
15. Chemical applications of Group Theory – F.A. Cotton. John Wiley and Sons, 3rd
edition 1987.
16. Symmetry and Spectroscopy of Molecules – K. Veera Reddy, New Age International
PVT Ltd. 1998.
17. Group theory and its applications to Chemistry – K.V. Raman, Tata McGraw Hill
1997.
18. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy – G.M. Barrow, McGraw Hill, Book co,
(UK) Ltd 1962.
19. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, 3rd edition – C.N. Banwall, McGraw Hill,
Book co, (UK) Ltd 1983.
ChSC-3.2: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-III
Total: 48 hrs
3hrs /week
UNIT I
16 hrs
Review of VBT and CFT of bonding in coordination complex, shortcomings of CFT,
evidences for covalency . MOT of complexes involving sigma and pi-bonding. MO
energy level diagrams for octahedral and tetrahedral complexes with sigma and pibonding. Crystal field effects on ionic radii, lattice energy, heat of ligation (hydration),
geometry, structure of spinels, Jahn Teller distortion, Templates and macrocylic effects,
Chelates- chelate effect, condition for chelation, factors affecting stability of chelates,
importance of chelates.
Electronic spectra of complexes: Spectra of transition metal ions-Spectroscopic terms,
terms and microstates for the p2 and d2 configurations. Ground state terms for dn
configuration, splitting of terms in weak crystal fields.
Ligand field spectra: d-d transition selection- spin and Laporte selection rules and their
relaxation symmetry, spin orbital coupling and vibrionic coupling effects, spectral band
widths. Orgel diagrams for octahedral and tetrahedral complexes ( d1- d9 states) TanabeSugano diagrams, Interpretation of electronic spectra. calculation of Dq , B, and 
parameters for Cr(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes. Spectrochemical series and
Nephilauxetic series. Charge transfer transitions- Characteristics, types-LMCT & MLCT.
UNIT II
16 hrs
Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes:
Types and origin of magnetic behavior-dia, para and ferro and antiferro magnetism,
Temperature effects. Pascal constants. Magnetic susceptibility, Temperature dependence
of para-magnetic magnetic moment (μ), μj μL+S, μS expressions, μ for free ions and
complexes, factors affecting μ complexes:Strength and symmetry of ligand field.
Spectroscopic ground state and multiple separations. orbital contribution- spin orbit
coupling. Quenching of orbital mag. Moment, anomalous magnetic movement, magnetic
exchange coupling (binuclear system) Determination of mag. Moments by Gouy method
and Faraday; Applications of magnetic data for the study of complexes.
UNIT III
16 hrs
Reactions, Kinetics and Mechanism.
Reactivity of metal complexes energy profile of a reaction, inert and labile complexes
interpretation of liability and inertness on the basis of VBT and CFT. Ligand
displacement substitution reacton- SN1 and SN2 mechanisms. Substitution in octahedral
complexes: acid hydrolysis-mechanism, kinetics factors influencing. Base hydrolysis:
conjugate base, mechanism, direct and indirect evidences of conjugate mechanism. Cis
effect in octahedral substitution reaction, anation reaction isomerisation and recimisation
of tris chelate complexes. Substitution in square planer complexes: SN2 mechanism,
evidences factors affecting rate. Trans affect theories series and its applications of tran’s
effect. trans effect series. Redox reactions; electron transfer reactions, mechanism of one
electron transfer reactions, outer sphere and inner sphere mechanisms characteristics,
factors affecting rates and bridging group effect.
ChSCL-3.1: Practicals: Pertaining to the Flame Photometry and atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy, UV-Visible Spectroscopy and other experiments, Coordination Chemistry,
Electronic spectra of complexes, Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes,
Reactions, Kinetics and Mechanism, and other experiments.
REFERENCES:
1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 5th edition, F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, JohnWilley and sons 1988.
2. Inorganic Chemistry, principles of structure and reactivity, 3rd ed. James E. Huheey,
Ellen E Keithr and Richard L Keither, Harper Collins college pub, 1993.3
3. Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed. D.P.Shriver and P.W.Atkins, Oxford University press,
1999
4. Comprehensive coordination Chemistry. Eds:G.Wilkinson, R.D.Gillers and
J.A.McCleurry, Pergomon Press
5. Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Compounds, W.L.Jolly, Prentice Hall
6. Concise Coordination Chemistry, R.Gopalan and V.Ramalingam.
7. Principles of Bioinorganic chemistry by Vikas publication, New Delhi, 2001.
ChSC-3.3: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Total: 48 hrs
3hrs /week
Unit-I
Chemistry of Natural Products
Alkaloids
12 Hrs
: Introduction, Classification, Methods of isolation. General methods of
isolation from plants. General methods of structural elucidation.
Structural elucidation and synthesis of Ephedrine and Quinine.
Terpenoids : Introduction, classification and biosynthesis of terpenoids. General
methods of structural elucidation.
Structural elucidation and synthesis of Menthol and Zenzeberine.
Steroids
: Classification; Diels hydrocarbon- its importance and synthesis.
Importance and stereochemistry of cholesterol
Location of double bond, hydroxy group, angular methyl groups and
side chain in cholestrerol
Antibiotics
: Classification, Penicillins, Chloramphenicol, streptomycine,
chloromycitin and tetracyclins – structure and their importance
Synthesis of Cepahloshorin-C
Prostaglanidins: Introduction, nomenclature, classification and their biological role.
Unit-II
12 Hrs
Named Reactions
C-C bond forming reactions:
1. Aldol condensation
2. Perkin reaction
3. Stobbe condensation
4. Dickmann condensation 5. Reimer-Tiemann reaction
6. Reformtsky reaction
7. Wittig reation
8. Micheal addition
9. Mannich reaction
10. Shapario reaction
C-N bond forming reactions:
1. Chichibabin reaction
2. Borton reaction
4. Stork enamine reaction
3. Hofmann-Loffler-Feyrag reaction
C-O bond forming reactions:
1. Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation
2. Bayer-Villiger reaction
C-Cl bond forming reaction:
Hell-Volhars-Zelinski reaction
Unit-III
12 Hrs
Combined applications of spectroscopic techniques in structural elucidation of
Organic Compounds:
Combined applications of IR, UV-Visible, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopy in
the structural elucidation of different compounds.
At least 12 problems to be solved involving the following functional groups
1. Alcohols
2. Phenols
3. Aldehydes
4. Ketones
5. α, β- unsaturated aldehydes and ketones
6. Carboxyic acids
7. Esters
8. Amines
9. Anilides
10. Amides
11. Nitro compounds 12. Compounds containing halogen
13. Heterocyclic
compounds
14. Examples involving functional group introversions.
Unit-IV
12 Hrs
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
Oxidation reactions:
Oxidation with chromium and manganese compounds, PDC, PCC, Sorret and Jones
reagents.
Oxidation reactions involving ozone, peracids, lead tetraacetatate, periodic acid,
osmanium tetroxide, seleniul dioxide, n-Bromosuccinimide, Oppemaur oxidation
Reduction reactions:
Catalytic hydrogenation_ both heterolytic and homolytic.
Complex metal hydride reductions. Reduction with dissolving metal,
Diimide reduction
Clemenson, Wolf Kishner, Meerwin-Varley-Ponndorf reduction,
Leucart reaction.and reductions with diborane.
ChSCL-3.2: Practical:
I.
Two step synthesis:
At least six preparations have to be carried out involving different types of
reactions.
II.
Estimations:
1. Estimation of Glucose by titration 2. Estimation of Ascorbic acid
3. Estimation of hydroxyl group
4. Estimation of amino group
5. Estimation of nitro group
6. Saponification value
References:
1. Natural products: Their chemistry and biological significance-J. Mann,
R. S. Davidson, J. B. Hobbs, D. V. Banthorpe & J. B. Harborne, Longman, UK,
1994.
2. Terpenes, J. Verghese, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1982.
3. Chemistry of terpenes and terpenoids, A. Newman, Academic Press, London, 1975.
4. Handbook of naturally occurring compounds Vol. II: Terpenes, T. K. Davon,
A. I. Scott, Academic Press, NY, 1972.
5. Natural products chemistry Vol. I & II, K. Nakanishi, T. Goso, S. Ito, S. Natori & S.
Nozoe, Academic Press, NY, 1974.
6. Total synthesis of natural products Vol. I & VI, Apsimon, John Wiley, NY,
1973-1981.
7. Organic chemistry Vol.II, I. L. Finar, 6th Edn. Longman,1992.
8. Chemistry of natural products Vol. I & II, O. P. Aggarwal, Goel Publishing House,
6th Edn. 1982.
9. Total synthesis of natural products: The chiral approach Vol.III, S. Hanessian
Pergamon Press, 1983.
10. Total synthesis of steroids, Akhaun & Titov, Jerusalem, 1969.
11. Medicinal natural products: A biosynthetic approach, P. M. Dewick.
John Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
12. The colours of life: An introduction to the chemistry of porphyrins and
related compounds, L. R. Milgrom, Wiley Chichester, 1995.
13. Interpretation of the UV spectra of natural products, A.I. Scott, Pergamon Press,
Oxford,1964.
14. Spectral data of natural products Vol. I- K.Yamaguchi, Elsevier Publishing Co,
London,1970.
15. Chemistry of natural products: A unified approach, N. R. Krishnaswamy,
UniversityPress, India, 1999.
ChSC-3.4: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-III
Total: 48 hrs
3hrs /week
Unit-I:
16 hrs
Application of Schrödinger’s wave-equation to harmonic oscillator, rigid-rotor and Hatom (separation of r, ,  equation and their solutions). Approximate methods –
Necessity of approximate methods, perturbation method, the theory of perturbation
method – first and second order correction, application to He-atom (first order correction
only) – calculation of first ionization potential and binding energy. Variation theorem –
statement and proof. Application of variation theorem to a particle in one dimensional
box, linear oscillator, H and He-atoms, SCF method for many electron systems. Slater
orbitals – Effective Nuclear Charge (ENC), expressions for Slater’s orbitals for 1s, 2s, 3s,
2p and 3d electrons (no derivation), Slater’s rules for calculation of ENC – Slater’s
orbitals for He, carbon and nitrogen atms. Chemical bonding in diatomics, elementary
concept of MO and VB theories; Huckel theory for conjugated -electron systems and its
applications to 1,3-butadiene and benzene.
UNIT-II:
16hrs.
Surface Chemistry: Adsorption by solids, types of adsorption isotherms, chemisorption,
adsorption of gasses by solids, factors influencing adsorption, Freundlich and Langmuir
adsorption theories, BET theory of multilayer adsorption (Derivation of BET equation),
surface area measurement, types of adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solution, Gibbs
adsorption isotherm, insoluble surface films on liquids, applications of adsorption.
Catalysis: Introduction, characteristics of catalytic reactions, acid-base catalysis,
mechanism and kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, Michaelis-Menten equation,
effect of temperature, pH and concentration on enzyme catalysis. Heterogeneous
catalysis: surface reactions, kinetics of surface reactions, unimolecular and bimolecular
surface reactions, pH-dependence of rate constants of catalyzed reactions, oscillatory
reactions and their applications.
UNIT-III:
16hrs.
Phase equilibria: Introduction, derivation of phase rule, applications of phase rule to
one-component systems (water and sulphur systems). Two-component systems
(potassium iodide-water system and ferric chloride-water system), three-component
systems (two solids + one liquid system, and three liquid systems).
Colloidal state: Colloidal systems, classification of colloids, lyophobic and lyophilic
sols, preparation of lyophobic colloidal solutions (dispersion and condensation methods),
purification of colloidal solutions, Properties of colloidal systems: Electrical properties –
charge on colloidal particles, electrical double layer, DLVO theory of the stability of
lyophobic colloids, coagulation of colloidal solutions. Electrokinetic properties –
electrophoresis and electro-osmosis streaming and sedimentation potential.
Determination of size of colloidal particles, surfactants, hydrophile-lypophile balance
(HLB). Micelle formation – mass action model and phase separation model, shape and
structure of micelles, micellar aggregation numbers, critical micelle concentration
(CMC), factors affecting CMC in aqueous media, thermodynamic approach to CMC,
thermodynamics of micellization, micelle temperature range (MTR) or Krafft point.
Solubilization – location of solubilizates in micelles, the phase rule of solubilization.
Micellar catalysis, applications of colloids.
ChSCL-3.3: Practical:
1. Preparation of the colloidal Sols.
2. Study of the coagulation of AsS3 sol with NaCl, BaCl2 and hence to find their
Coagulating values.
3. Determination of precipitating values of KCl, K2SO4 and K3Fe(CN)6
4. Study of the protecting action of a hydrophilic colloid on the on the precipitation of
lyophilic sols.
5. To determine the CMC of SDS from the measurement of conductivities at different
Concentrations.
6. To investigate the auto catalytic reaction between potassium permanganate and oxalic
Acid.
7. Estimation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions present in the Dolamite.
8. Estimation of Hardness of water.
9. Estimation of Iodine in common salt.
10. Determination of COD.
REFERENCES:
1. Physical Chemistry of macromolecules-Tanford.
2. Adsorption and Catalysis-Chakraborthy.
3. Physical chemistry-Atkins,ELRS,1982.
4. Physical chemistry –Moore,Orient Longman,1972.
5. Industrial Electrochemistry –D.Pletcher and F.C.Walsh,Chapman and Hall ,II
Edition,1984.
6. Introductory Quantum Mechanics – Atkins ,Claredon,Oxford
7. Quantum Chemistry-Kauzman,Academic Press,1957.
8. Quantum chemistry-R.K.Prasad ,II.Ed,New Age Int-2000.
9. Surface Chemistry –Oxford University Press.
10. Quantum Chemistry-A.K.Chandra
*******
M.Sc. Chemistry Syllabus (CBCS Scheme)
Revised regulations 2010
II & III Semester
Elective papers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Manufacture of soaps and detergents
Chemistry of medicinal plants
Greeen chemistry
Bio analytical techniques
Nanomaterials
Basics of solid state chemistry
Textile and clothing chemistry
Bioelectrochemistry
Metal finishing
Electrchemical energy sources
Electroanalytical chemistry
Polymer chemistry
M.Sc. Chemistry Syllabus (CBCS Scheme)
With Effect From 2011
Revised Regulations
IV Semester
ChSC-4.1-ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY-IV
Total: 48 hrs
3hrs /week
16 hrs
UNIT I:
CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES:
Ion exchange chromatography:
Ion exchange process, synthesis and structure of ion exchange resins, resolutions,
retention parameters, selectivity, ion exchange capacity, applications in the removal of
interfering ions, separation of lanthanides, concentration and recovery of tracer ions
Gel permeation/filtration chromatography:
Introduction, theory and principles of size exclusion process-materials for size exclusion
process- calibration techniques-weight average and number average concept-application
in polymer chemistry.
Affinity Chromatography:
Introduction, Classification, Selection of matrix, Ligands applications of affinity
chromatrography, Immobilised Bio chemicals.
Automated techniques:
An over review automated analysis, principles of automation, Automated instruments:
Process control, Continuous analyzers, Discrete analyzers, automated instrumentsDiscrete sampling instrument, Continuous-flow sampling instrument. Multi channel
analyzers, Semi automatic instruments, Centrifugal analyzer, Flow injection analysisPrinciples, Dispersion coefficient, Factors affecting peak height, applications.
UNIT II:
SEPERATION TECHNIQUES:
16 hrs
Solvent extraction:
Definition, types, principle and efficiency of extraction, sequence of extraction process,
factors affecting extraction-pH, oxidation state, modifiers, synergistic, masking and
salting out agents, techniques-batch and continuous extraction, applications.
Super critical fluid chromatography:
Theory, properties of super critical fluids, Instrumentation, Effect of pressure in elution
column, Mobile phases, Detectors, Applications.
Electrophoresis:
capillary electrophoresis capillary electrochromatography, electrodialysis. Zone refining
, ultracentrifuge and ultrafilteration, supercritical fluid chromatography.
Ultracentrifugation:
Centrifugation, centrifugal force, sedimentation, centrifugal decantation, centrifuges,
selection of centrifuge tubes, preparative, density gradient and isopycinic centrifugation.
Analytical sedimentation, sedimentation coefficient, sedimentation velocity-Application
of the technique in biological separation; membrane sepatration-principle and
applications.
Capillary electrophoresis:
Principle, Instrument and application.
Electrodialysis:
Principle, Instrumentation and applications.
Ultrafilteration Zone refining techniques: Priciplces, instrumentation and applications
UNIT III:
MISCELLANEOUS TECHNIQUES
16 hrs
Thermal methods of analysis:
Introduction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), types of thermogravimetric analysis,
principle and method. Automatic thermogravimetric analysis, instrumentation, types of
recording thermobalances, Introduction, instrumentation and application of DSC and
DTA.
Radio Chemical Methods of Analysis: Introduction, nature of radioactivity, radiometric
units, detection and measurement of radioactivity, disintegration, rate of disintegration,
radioactive traces, tracer techniques, applications in analytical chemistry , isotopic
dilution analysis, activation analysis, radiometric analysis and applications.
Kinetic methods of analysis:
Kinetics- the basics, Enzyme Catalysis properties of enzymes, enzyme inhibitors and
activators, some examples of enzyme analysis.
ChSCL-4.1: Practicals: Pertaining to the, chromatographic techniques, separation
techniques, miscellaneous techniques Organometallic Chemistry, organotransition metal
complexes having σ and π-M-C bonds, Homogenius catalysis, Introduction of
Bioinorganic Chemistry, Metalloproteins, Metalloenzymes and other experiments
Reference:
1. X-Ray Methods- Elive Whiston, John Wiley and Sons 1987
2. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction- Culting, Addision Wiley 1987
3. Analytical Chemistry- Gray D. Christian, 5th edition John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
4. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis-B.K.Sharma, Goel publishing House,
Meerut, 2000
5. Quantitative Chemical Analysis- D. C. Harris, W. M. Freeman and Co., NY, USA,
IVED, 1995
6. Principles of Instrumental analysis- Skoog, Hollar and Nieman, Harcourt Asia Pvt
ltd., India New Delhi 5th Edition 1998
7. Vogels Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis- Revised by G. H. Jaffery, J.
Bassett, J. Mendhm and R. C. Denny ELBS 5th Edition (1996)
8. Introduction to Instrumental Analysis – R.D. Braun 1986.
9. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Skoog, Hollar and Niemann, Harcourt Asian
Pvt ltd India, New Delhi, 5th edition 1998.
10. Instrumental method of chemical analysis – B.K. Sharma, Goel publishing House,
Meerut 2000.
11. Instrumental method of analysis – Willard, merit and Dean, 7th edition 1998.
12. Analytical Chemistry Gary D.Christian. 6th Edition.
CH.SC.4.2-INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-IV
Total: 48 hrs
3hrs /week
UNIT I:
16 hrs
Organometallic Chemistry: Organometallic complexes, stability and decomposition
pathways, classification of ligands, Nomenclature of Organometallic complexes, 18 and
16 electron rules, electron counting schemes.
synthesis, structure and bonding and decomposition reaction reaction of
organotransition metal complexes having σ and π-M-C bonds.
(i)
σ- Bonding systems involving Carbonyls and Carbenes.
(ii)
Π-Bonded systems involving olefins, allyl moieties and cyclopentadiene.
Catalysis by Organometallics:
Introduction , basic principles, thernmodynamic and Kinetic aspects, classification
of catalytic systems, cataslysis involving metal complexes and Organometallics.
Homogenius catalysis: hydrogenation of olefins-Wilkinsons’s catalyst-importance,
preparation. Mechanism of action, polymer supported catalyst, Wakers prosess-steps
involved, mechanism, Hydroformylation (oxo process). Heterogenious catalysis: FisherTropschs reaction, Zigler-Natta polymerization- importance and mechanisem. Metal
Clusters: Types, factors favouring cluster formation, electron counts, structure,
isoelectric and isobal concepts, Fluxinal behavior in organometallic compounds.
UNIT II
16 hrs
Introduction of Bioinorganic Chemistry:
Essential and trace elements in biological process, elements in biological cell,
biomolecules associated with metal ions and their roles.
Molecular mechanisem of ion transport across cell membranes, ionospheres, crown
ethers, Na+/K+ ion pump.
Metal ion storage and transfer-ferritin, transferring and siderophores.
Metal ligand interaction with DNA.
Importance of Ca2+ in muscle contraction and in blood clotting process.
Metal ion deficiency, toxicity, detoxification, chelation therapy, metal complexes used as
drugsanticancer and antiarthritic drugs.
Photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation:
Nitrogen fixation; nitrogenase-bacterial nitrogenase system and synthetic studies
Photosynthesis; Structure of chlorophyll, PS I & PSII in cleavage of water.
UNIT III
Metalloproteins:
16 hrs
Transport and storage of dioxygen: Heme protein and oxygen uptake, structure and
function of haemoghlobin and myoglobin, dioxygen binding, model complexes,
Nonporphorin systems-hemerythrin and hemocyanin. Structure and functions of
metalloproteins in electron transfer process-cytochromes-ferridoxines and rubredoxines,
Mitochondrial flow of electrons from NADH to oxygen, Cytochrome c, Cytochrome c
oxidase.
Metalloenzymes:
Zinc enzymes-carboxypeptidase, carbonic anhydrase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Copper
enzyme-super oxide dismutase. Molybdenum enzyme-oxotransferase enzyme,
xanthineoxidase. Iron enzyme-catalase, peroxidase and cytochrome p-450. Coenzymes
containing cobalt, Vitamin B12, Co-C bond cleavage, mutase activity of coenzyme B12,
alkylation of methyl cobalamin.
ChSCL-4.1: Practicals: Pertaining to the, chromatographic techniques, separation
techniques, miscellaneous techniques, Organometallic Chemistry, organotransition metal
complexes having σ and π-M-C bonds, Homogenius catalysis, Introduction of
Bioinorganic Chemistry, Metalloproteins, Metalloenzymes and other experiments.
Refferences:
1. Environmental pollution analysis- S M Kopkar, Wiley Eastern,.Advanced
Inorganic Chemistry 5th ed. Cotton and G. Wilkinson; John Wiley and Sons,
1988
2. Inorganic Chemistry- principles, structure and reactivity, 3rd ed. James E Huhee,
Ellen E. Keither and Richard L Keither,
3. Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed. D.P.Shriver and P.W.Atkins, Oxford University press,
1999
4. Organometallic Chemistry : A unified approach. R.C.Mehrotra, and A.Singh,
Willey-eastern , New Delhi
5. Concepts and Models in Inorgaic Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Douglas, M.C. Denial
and Aluxander.
6. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, J.D. Lee, ELBS Edition, 1991.
7. Modern aspects of Inorganic Chemistry, H.J. Ememleus and A.G. Sharpe, ELBS
Edition.
8. Chemistry of the elements, Greenwood and earnshaw, pergaman press, Oxford,
1986.
9. Solid state Chemistry and its application, A.R.West, John willy and Sons.
10. Theoritical principles of Inorganic Chemistry, 4th Edition, G.S. Manku, Tata
Mc.Graw Hill, 1990.
ChSC-4.3: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Total: 48 hrs
3hrs /week
Unit-I
Medicinal Chemistry
12 Hrs
The Science of medicinal Chemistry
: Introduction, from concept to market.
Drug targets
: Enzymes, receptors, carrier proteins, Structural
proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates.
Pharmacokinetics
: Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion, administration and dosing.
Biological testing and bioassay
: Testing of drugs- in vitro and in vivo
Structure Activity Relationship
: Definition, binding interactions, functional groups
as binding groups.
Unit-II
CHEMOTHERAPY:
Classification of drugs:
12 Hrs
Sulphonamides
: Introduction, classification- sulphathiazole,
sulphanilamide, sulphadiazine- synthesis and SAR
studies.
Antimalarials
: Introduction, classification, Chloraquin and
Pamaquin- synthesis and drug action.
Analgesics
: Introduction, classification, Paraacetomol, Aspirin,
Salol, Cinophen, Phenyl butazone, Anitpyrinesynthesis and drug action.
Anti-inflammatory
: Introduction, classification, Indomethacin and
ibuprofen- synthesis and drug action
Unit-III
12 Hrs
Organic Synthesis
Disconnection approach: One group C-X disconnection- Carbonyl compounds, ethers
and sulphides (Benzyl benzoate, propanil, p-methy anisole, isopentyl benzyl ether,
chlorobenside).
Two group disconnection- 1, 1- difunctionalized compounds (Acetals, cyanohydrins,
amino acids etc.) , 1,2-difunctionalized compounds (1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, αhydroxyl carbonyl compounds).
Retrosynthesis:
Retrosynthesis of benzocaine, 4-methoxy acetophenone, saccharin, bisvoline, cubane,
estrone, canthredine, lycorane and multstrin.
Protecting Groups:
Protection of hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, thioal and amino groups. Illustration of
protection and deprotection in organic synthesis.
Functional Group Interconversions.
Unit-IV
`
12 Hrs
Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Use of the following reagents in organic synthesis and functional group transformation:
1. Gilman reagent
2. Lithium diisopropyl amide (LDA)
3. Dicyclohexyl carbodimide (DCC)
4. 1,3-Dithiane (Reactivity umpolung)
5. Trimethylsilyl iodide
6. Tri-n-butyl tin hydride (TNBH)
7. DDQ
8. Woodward-Prevost hydroxylation
9. Osmium tetroxide
10. Phase transfer catalysts
11. Crown ethers
12. Merrifield resin
13. Bakers yeast
14. Selenium dioxide
15. Peterson synthesis.
ChSCL-4.2: PRACTICAL:
I.
Isolation from natural products:
1. Piperine from Black pepper
2. Caffeine form tea leaves
3. Cineole from, encalyptus leaves
4. Cystein from Hair
5. Nicotine from Tobacco
6. Hystidine from Orange peel
II.
Synthesis of Drugs and Dyes:
1. Paracetamol
2. 6-Methyl uracil
3. Sulphanilamide
4. Antipyrin
5. Phenytion
6. Chloritone
7. Methyl orange
8. Crystal violet
9. Phenonthrolein
III.
Colorimetric Estimations:
1. Estimation of cholesterol
2. Estimation of amino acids
3. Estimation of proteins
4. Estimation of glucose.
Reference:
1. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Willey Interscience, 1994.
2. F. A. Carey and Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry – Part A & B, 3rd
edition, Plenum Press, New York, 1990.
3. Comprehensive Organic Chemistry, Pergamon Press, New York, Vol 1,
1996,
4. H. Pine, Hendrickson, Cram and Hammond, Organic Chemistry, Mac
Grow Hill, New York, 1987.
5. I. I. Finar, Organic Chemistry, ELBS Longmann, Vol. I & II, 1984
6. F. A. Carey and Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry – Part A & B, 3rd
edition, Plenum Press, New York, 1990.
7. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis – B. M. Trost and I. Fleming series,
Pergamon Press, New York, 1991.
8. S. K. Ghosh, Advanced General Organic Chemistry, Book and Alleied (P)
Ltd, 1998
9. Principles of organic synthesis, Richard Norman and J. M. Coxon
10. Disconnection approach, by Steurt Warren.
ChSC-4.4: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-IV
Total: 48 hrs
3hrs /week
UNIT-I:
16 hrs
CHEMISTRY OF NANOMATERIALS:
Introduction: Fundamentals and importance, Metal nanoclusters, magic numbers,
theoretical modeling of nano particles, Geometric structure, electronic structure,
reactivity, fluctuations, magnetic clusters, Bulk to nano transitions. Semi conducting
nanoparticles- optical properties, photofragmentation, coulombic explosion.
Carbon nano particles: Introduction, Carbon molecules, Nature of the carbon bond,
New carbon structures. Carbon clusters: small carbon clusters, C60; Discovery ,
structure, crystal, alkali doping , super conductivity, Fullerens, other Bulkyballs.
Carbon nano-tubes: Fabrication, structure, electrical properties, vibrational
properties, mechanical properties, application of nano materials.
Methods of preparation: Plasma arcing, chemical vapour deposition, sol-gel, silica-gel,
hydrolysis, Condensation and polymerization of monomers to form particles,
Electrodeposition, ball milling, Chemical methods, Thermolysis, Pulsed laser methods.
UNIT – II:
16 hrs
Metal finishing: Electrode potential-standard potential, EMF series and its applications,
Deposition potential-deposition from simple salt solution and solution mixtures,
polarization and over voltage, effect of polarization on electrodeposition, limiting current
density, hydrogen over voltage. Principles of electroplating. Role of anodes in
electroplating. Pre-plating process and surface preparation. Hull cell experiment,
covering power and throwing power. Electroplating practice for metals and alloys (Cu,
Ni, Zn, brass, bronze). Specifications and testing of electroplate-Introduction, thicknessdestructive and non destructive testing methods, Adhesion-bend test, burnishing test, file
test, grinding test, heat test, peel test, corrosion resistance-salt spray test, acetic acid salt
spray test, copper accelerated acetic acid salt spray test, corrodekote test, Sulphur dioxide
test, porosity-Ferroxyl test, electrographic test, hot water test, hardness test. Immersion
(Galvanic) plating, electroless plating.
Corrosion and its control: Types of corrosion (atmospheric, environmental and
microbial). Galvanic series – merits and demerits, thermodynamics and kinetics of
corrosion, corrosion rate measurement, corrosion failure, and passivity. Corrosion
problems in practice.
UNIT-III:
16 hrs
Electro synthesis: Fundamentals, generalized electrochemical reaction, reaction
variables in electro synthesis, setting up the electrolysis cell – Basic laboratory apparatus,
two-electrode cells, three-electrode cells. Laboratory cell designs, Selection of electrode
material and cell Geometry – Electrode material, cell geometry. Selection of electrode
potential, divided and undivided cells, preparation of solution for electrolysis – solvent
and supporting electrolyte, temperature effects. Generalized electrochemical reaction
from a physical perspective, preliminary investigations into the feasibility of an electro
synthesis.
Electro-organic reactions: Electrooxidation and reductions of hydrocarbons, nitro
compounds, sulphur compounds, nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, halogen compounds
and carboxylic acids (Kolbe’s synthesis). Some preparative examples - Reductive
intermolecular Carbon-Nitrogen bond formation, Carboxylic acids from primary
alcohols, cyanation of N-n-Propylpyrrolidine, preparation of 3,6-Dichloropicolinic acid
from 3,4,5,6-Tetrachloropicolinic acid.
ChSCL-4.3: Practicals:
1. Reaction Kinetics: Study the effect of ionic strength on the rate constant of the
reaction (KI –K2SO4)
2. Heat of solution of sparingly soluble salt.
3. Study of the decomposition of diacetone alcohol in alkaline medium
4. Determination of molecular mass of polystyrene by viscometric method
5. Weight loss method of corrosion rate measurement
6. UV-Vis spectrometry: a)pKa values b)to determine the unknown concentrations of
the given solution K2Cr2O7 + KMnO4
7. Study of phase diagram of three component system (2 solid + 1 liquid and 3
liquids)
8. Electroplating – current efficiency and throwing power.
9. Adsorption studies
a) Acetic acid
b) Picric acid
c) Toxic organic compounds
10. Oscillatory reactions (KBr-KBrO3, malonic acid)
References:
1. Introduction to Nanotechnology – Charles P Poole Jr and Frank J Owens ( Wiley
Interscience).
2. NANOTECHNOLOGY Basic Science and Emerging Technologies – Mick Wilson,
Kamali Kannangara Geoff Smith, Michelle Simmons & Burkhard Raguse (Overseas
Press).
3. Chemical and Electrochemical Energy Systems – R Narayan & B Vishwanathan
(University Press).
4. Industrial Electrochemistry –D.Pletcher and F.C.Walsh,Chapman and Hall ,II
Edition, 1984.
5. Principles of Physical Chemistry – B.R Puri, L R Sharma & Madan S Pathania, 41th
edition (Vishal Publishing Co).
6. Atkin’s Physical chemistry-Peter Atkins & Julio de Paula, Seventh Edition ( Oxford).
7. A Text Book Of Physical Chemistry – A S Negi & S C Anand ( New age
international (P) ltd).
8. Physical Chemistry –Moore,Orient Longman,1972.
9. An introduction to Electrochemistry –Glastone,East west Ltd.
10. Electrochemistry principles and applications.
11. Basics of Electroorganic Synthesis, Demetrios K. Kyriacou, A Wikley-Interscience
Publications, New York, 1981.
12. Industrial Electrochemistry–D.Pletcher and F.C.Walsh,Chapman and Hall, II
Edition, 1984.
*******