Psychology 101
Representative questions about Chapter 1
1. According to many sources, the scientific study of
psychological phenomena began in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany, in the
laboratory of __________.
a. William James
c. John B. Watson
b. Ivan Pavlov
*d. Wilhelm Wundt
2. The structuralist school of psychology employed the method of
__________ as it tried to investigate psychological phenomena.
a. stimulus-response
c. magnetic resonance imagery
*b. introspection
d. split-brain technology
3. The American responsible for launching classical S-R
behaviorism was __________.
a. William James
*c. John B. Watson
b. Ivan Pavlov
d. Wilhelm Wundt
4. Mediational S - O - R neobehaviorism differed from classical
S-R behaviorism because it sought to add __________.
*a. organismic variables that mediated the effect of the stimulus
on the response
b. other worldly events that mediated the effect of the stimulus
on the response
c. outside the body experiences that mediated the effect of the
stimulus on the response
d. over the counter medicine that mediated the effect of the
stimulus on the response
5. Which of the following statements applies to the biological
perspective in psychology?
*a. Behavior may be understood by understanding the structure and
function of the underlying physiology, particularly that of the
central nervous system.
b. Behavior may be understood by comparing the brain to a
sophisticated computer.
c. Behavior is a subject matter in its own right.
d. Behavior may be understood by understanding the interplay
between the underlying personality structures.
6. Which of the following statements applies to the
psychoanalytic perspective in psychology?
a. Behavior may be understood by understanding the structure and
function of the underlying physiology, particularly that of the
central nervous system.
b. Behavior may be understood by comparing the brain to a
sophisticated computer.
c. Behavior is a subject matter in its own right.
*d. Behavior may be understood by understanding the interplay
between the underlying personality structures.
7. One way to characterize the difference between experimental
and correlational research methods is to say that experimental
methods involve inferences from __________, whereas correlational
methods often involve inferences from __________.
*a. cause to effect; effect to effect
b. effect to effect; cause to effect
c. unpredicted to predicted; predicted to unpredicted
d. known to unknown; unknown to known
8. The __________ variable is one that is manipulated by the
experimenter.
a. bi-serial
*c. independent
b. Omega-squared
d. dependent
9. One of the characteristics of the experimental method is that
__________.
*a. subjects are randomly assigned to experimental groups
b. the experimenter measures a different dependent variable for
each group
c. it can only be used with human subjects
d. it can only be used with nonhuman subjects
10. In which of the following fields of specialization is the
greatest number of doctoral-level psychologists employed?
a. school
c. industrial/organizational
b. educational
*d. clinical
11. Suppose an experimenter deprives different groups of
laboratory rats of food for 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours. The
experimenter then arranges for lever pressing in an experimental
chamber to produce food, and measures how many times a minute the
rats press the lever under these circumstances. The hours of
deprivation are referred to as the
*a. independent variable
c. dependent variable
b. correlational variable
d. control variable
12. Suppose an experimenter deprives different groups of
laboratory rats of food for 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours. The
experimenter then arranges for lever pressing in an experimental
chamber to produce food, and measures how many times a minute the
rats press a lever under these circumstances. The rate of lever
pressing is referred to as the
a. independent variable
*c. dependent variable
b. correlational variable
d. control variable
13. The experimental group differs from the control group in an
experiment in that __________.
a. the control group is forcibly controlled by the experimenter,
whereas the experimental group is not
b. the experimental group does not control its own responses,
whereas the control group does
c. the control group receives many more variables than does the
experimental group
*d. the experimental group receives the independent variable,
whereas the control group does not