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SAMPLE DOCUMENT
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Geoffrey M. Kay, Karen Jamison,1 William F. Johnson, Thomas Ryan,1
Sarah C. Wilson, and Justin Smith
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
J. Blythe and M. Chen2
Observation Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Faculty of Science
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
L. Song
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Abstract. Characteristics of the long-term variation of daytime (0600-1600 hours MLT)
ELF-VLF emissions are examined, using 7 and 4 years of digital data obtained at a
conjugate pair of stations, Syowa in Antarctica and Husafell in Iceland.
1. Introduction
Long-term observations are necessary to characterize and
understand the solar influence on various phenomena.
2. Level 1 Head Ragged Right With a Flush
Left Wraparound Line
2.1. Level 2 After Level 1 Head
Diurnal variations of emission occurrence are examined
using data observed at two geomagnetic conjugate stations.
2.1.1. Level 3 head. Include at least two level 3 heads if
any are used. Diurnal variations are given in Figure 1.
u sv (t ) 
cos 2 j
u (t )  sin ju z (t )
2 cos j x
Figure 1
(1)
Magnetic local time (MLT) is almost the same as universal
time (UT) as shown by Ono [1987].
[(G T Cd1 G) 4 p ,4 ( n  p ) G T Cd1 G 4 p ,4 ( n  p ) ] (m 4 pm 4 ( n  p ) ) T
 G TCd1d
(2)
2.1.1.1. Level 4 head: Include at least two level 4 heads if
any are used [e.g., Helliwell, 1965; Tsurutani and Smith,
1977].
2.2. Ragged Right Level 2 Head Longer Than One Line
With A Flush Left Wraparound Line
In Table 1, the long-term variations of emission intensity at
750 Hz and 2 kHz are examined.
s3, y [ 2 ,  1]  S3, y [ 1   1   2 ]
 S3, y [  1   2 , 2 ]  S3*, y [  1 , 2 ]
(3)
Radiation from the Sun plays a controlling role.
Acknowledgments. We thank all members of the wintering party
of the 22nd-28th Japanese Antarctic Expeditions for the data
acquisition at Syowa Station.
Table 1
2
References
Belt, E. S., Post-Acadian rifts and related facies, eastern Canada, in
Studies in Appalachian Geology, edited by E. Zen et al., pp. 95113, John Wiley, New York, 1968.
Boatwright, J., Detailed spectral analysis of two small New York
State earthquakes, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 68, 1117-1131, 1978.
Fetterer, F., D. Gineris, and C. Johnson, Remote sensing aids in seaice analysis, Eos Trans. AGU, 74, 265, 267-268, 1993.
Orringer, O., Frontal analysis program, Rep. ASRL TR 1023,
Aeroelastic and Struct. Lab., Mass Inst. of Technol., Cambridge,
1974.
J. Blythe, M. Chen, K. Jamison, and T. Ryan, Observation Center
for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Faculty of
Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
W. F. Johnson, G. M. Kay, J. Smith, L. Song, and S. C. Wilson,
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543. (wj@red.whoi.edu; gk@red.
whoi.edu; tr@red.whoi.edu; js@red.whoi.edu; ls@red.whoi.edu; sw
@red.whoi.edu.)
(Received October 6, 1996; revised February 27, 1997;
accepted March 31, 1997.)
1Now at Observation Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and
Volcanic Eruptions, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai,
Japan.
2Also at National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan.
Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union
Paper number 1999JA900000.
0148-0227/99/1999JA900000$09.00
Table 1. Linear Representation of Emission Intensity Wm
Month
a
b
Correlation
Coefficient
2.97
2.95
2.79
0.99
0.97
0.99
2.33
2.17
1.92
0.92
0.99
0.99
2 kHz*
June
September
December
-0.71
-0.64
-0.67
750 kHz*
June
-0.67
September
-0.55
December
-0.58
Here log Wm = am + b.
*G model averaged for study regions
and 0600-1600 MLT.
0300, 1100, and 1700 UT
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