1
1. Response of Maize Varieties to Varying Rates of Fertilizer
and Manure Application1
B. H. Adhikary2, B. R. Baral3, J. Shrestha3, M. Tripathi3 , Robinson Adhikary4 and C. B.
Kunwar3
2
Communication, Publication and Documentation Division, Nepal Agricultural Research
Council (NARC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur.
3
National Maize Research Program (NMRP), NARC, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
4
Lamjung Campus, IAAS, Tribhuvan University, Sundar Bazar, Lamjung.
Corresponding Author: adhikary_bishnu@yahoo.com, Mobile: +977-9845047962
Abstract
The development of agronomic practices in terms of ‘maize genotypes and nutrient
management’ is essential for enhancing maize productivity. In order to identify and evaluate
suitable rates of fertilizers (NPK and farmyard manures) to different maize genotypes, field
experiments were conducted at Rampur, Chitwan during the winter season of 2009/10 and
2010/011. Five levels of fertilization; (1) Control (zero fertilizer), (2) Farm yard manure
(FYM) 10 t ha-1, (3); 60:30:20 N, P2O5 and K2O plus FYM 10 t ha-1; (4) 120: 60: 40 N, P2O5
and K2O plus FYM 10 t ha-1; (5) 180: 90: 60 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1 plus FYM 10 t ha-1 and
(6) 120: 60: 40 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1 ) applied to four maize genotypes (Rampur
Composite, Manakamana-4, Across9942 / Across 9944 and S99TLYQ-B) in the experiment.
The experiment was laidout in a factorial RCB design with three replications. The plot size
was 12 sq. m (4 m x 3 m) and the crop was planted in the month of October and harvested in
April. The results revealed that most of the growth and yield parameters were found
significantly increased with increased level of fertilizers (180:90:60 kg N, P2O5 and K2O plus
10 t of compostr ha-1) in Rampur Composite, Manakamana-4 and Across 9942 / Across 9944
where as these parameters were significantly increased in S99TLYQ-B variety with the
fertilization level of 120: 60: 40 N, P2O5 and K2O plus FYM 10 t ha-1. Highest grain yield
(6068 kg ha-1) was recorded in the year 2009/010 when fertilized by 180: 90: 60 N, P2O5 and
K2O plus FYM 10 t ha-1 irrespective of the genotypes, and 4882 kg of grains produced by
Rampur composite variety in this year irrespective of the fertilizer levels. Two years mean
yield results revealed that varieties such as Manakamana-4, Rampur composite and Across
9942 / Across 9944 produced highest grain yield (5074 kg, 5195 and 5052 kg grains ha-1,
respectively) with N, P2O5 and K2O at 180: 90: 60 kg ha-1 plus FYM 10 t ha-1.This paper
discuss and highlights the results of fertilizer and manures application on different maize
genotypes in detail.
Key words: fertilizer and manures, grain yield, maize genotypes and significant effect.
______________________________________________________
1
Proc. of Abstracts. pp 25-26. In: Proc. Of Abstracts. Economic Growth Through Science,
Technology and Innovation.Paper presented at the Sixth National Conference on Science and
Technology (NAST), organized by Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) held at
Hotel Everest, New Baneswor, Kathmandu, on September 25-27, 2012 (Aswin 9-11, 2069).
2
2. Effect of Nitrogen on Grain Production of Hybrid Maize (RML4/NML-2) in the Acid Soil of Rampur, Chitwan1
Bishnu H. Adhikary2, Bandhu R. Baral2 and Jiban Shrestha2
2
National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
nmrp2012@gmail.com
Corresponding Author: adhikary_bishnu@yahoo.com, Phone: +977-9845047962
ABSTRACT
Hybrid maize (RML-4/NML-2) was evaluated for its grain production by the application of
different levels of nitrogen (60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) at varying plant densities (55555,
66666 and 83383 plants/ha) along with 60 kg P2O5 and 40 kg K2O ha-1 in the acidic soil (pH
5.3) of National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan during the years of 2008/09 and
2009/10. Factorial randomized complete block design(RCBD) with three replications was
employed in the experiment. The crop was planted at the plot size of 18 m2 (3.6 × 5 m). The
crop was planted in the month of September and harvested in February. The result indicated a
sharp response of nitrogen application to this crop whereas the effect of density was observed
to be non-significant. Two years mean yield results showed that highest grain yield (11.10 t ha1
) was recorded when the crop was supplied with 180 kg nitrogen and with 83383 plants ha-1
followed by the crop supplied with 120 kg N ha-1 and 66,666 plant population (10.69 t ha-1). It
is inferred that application of high dose of N (180 kg N ha-1) could help increase hybrid maize
grain production in acidic soils.
Key words: Grain yield, hybrid maize, plant densities, nitrogen rates and significant
effect
-------------------------------------------------------1
Proceedings of Abstracts. pp 20. Crops and other papers..Paper presented at the Fourth
SAS/N Convention, Conference on Organic Agriculture, Jointly Organized by SAS/N, Nepal
Horticulture Society, IAAS (TU) and Sustainable Agriculture Development Programme,
Kathmandu, Nepal held on 22-24 Chaitra, 2068 (4-6 April, 2012). (Full paper 10 p).
3. Efficasy of Organic Fertilizers on Maize (Zea mays L.) Productivity in
the Acidic Soils of Rampur, Chitwan1
Bishnu H. Adhikary2 , Jiban Shrestha2 and Bandhu R. Baral2
National Maize Research Programme (NMRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC),
Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Email: adhikary_bishnu@yahoo.com; nmrp2012@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
3
Plant nutrients play vital role on maize productivity. Nutrients not only from chemical
fertilizers increases crop yield but also with organic fertilizers. To evaluate the efficacy of
organic fertilizers, received from NICO ORGO Company India, an experiment was conducted
at NMRP farmland at Hariyali-Tandi on the acidic soil during the year 2011 winter season.
Different agro-organic–fertilizers along with other chemical fertilizers and manures were used
in the experiment. The experiment was designed with RCBD and replicated three times.
Manakamana-3 was the variety planted in the experiment in the month of September at a
spacing of 75 cm × 25 cm at the plot size of 22.5 sq. m. and was harvested in second week of
February, 2012. Maize growth and yield parameters were taken into the study. The results
showed significant effect of Organic-Fertilizers in plant height, stover and grain yield
production. The highest grain weight (2.94 t ha-1) was recorded when the crop was supplied
with 120: 60: 40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 followed by Orgo Blend fertilizers at 617.5 kg ha-1
which was almost 121 % higher than those produced by non-treated crops. It seems that the
highest net return of Rs 29,233.0 could be obtained when the crop is supplied only with NPK
fertilizers (120: 60: 40 kg ha-1) followed by the crop supplied with Orgo Neem at 150 kg ha-1
which gave the net return of Rs 27555.0 ha-1.This paper discuss and highlights the results of
Organic-fertilizer application on maize productivity in detail.
Key Words: Organic Fertilizers, Orgo Neem, significant effect, grain yield and soil test.
1
Proceedings of Abstracts. pp 82. Organic Agriculture.Paper presented at the Fourth SAS/N
Convention, Conference on Organic Agriculture, Jointly Organized by SAS/N, Nepal
Horticulture Society, IAAS (TU) and Sustainable Agriculture Development Programme,
Kathmandu, Nepal held on 22-24 Chaitra, 2068 (4-6 April, 2012). Full paper 10 p).
4. Use of Sulphur and Agricultural Lime for Enhanced Maize
(Zea mays L.) Productivity in Acid Soils of
Rampur, Chitwan1
Bishnu H Adhikary2, Babu R Pandey3 and Bandu R Baral3
National Maize Research Programme (NMRP), NARC, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
ABSTRACT
Field experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of the year 2007/08 and 2008/09
on an acid soils of the NMRP research farm. The objective of the study was to identify the
appropriate doses of sulphur and agricultural lime on maize crop and their recommendation for
its increased productivity. Three levels of sulphur (0, 20 and 40 kg S ha-1) and 4 levels of
agricultural lime (0, 2.5, 3.75 and 5 t ha-1) were used in the study. A factorial RCB design with
3 replications was employed in the experiment. The variety used was Deutee and the plot size
was 22.5 sq.m (5 m x 4.5 m). The crop was fertilized with 120:60:40 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and
K2O, and 10 t ha-1 of compost, respectively. The highest grain yield (6.86 t ha-1) was recorded
4
in the 1st year (2007/08) when 5 t ha-1 of agricultural lime and 40 kg of sulphur (S) was
applied. In the following year (2008/09), the mean effect of S levels indicated a sharp response
at only 20 kg ha-1 which produced an yield of 7.84 t of grains ha-1., whereas the mean effect of
lime use revealed only the production of 7.55 t ha-1 of grains in the same year when the crop
was supplied with 2.5 t ha-1 of agricultural lime. It is noticed that the response of sulphur and
agricultural lime on maize grain production was found to be significant in both of the years.
Farmers are suggested to apply at least 20 kg of sulpher along with 2.5 t ha-1 of agricultural
lime on maize for increased grain production.
Key words: Agricultural lime, acid soils, maize productivity, significant effect
sulphur levels, Zea mays.
1
Proceedings of the 26th National Summer Crops Research Workshop.pp 307-312. Summer
crops Research in Nepal.Organized by Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) held at
National Maize Research Programme (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan on 3-5 March, 2010 (19-21
falgoon, 2066).
5. Enhancing Maize Productivity Through the Use of Manures
and Fertilizers on the Grain Yield of Different Maize (Zea
mays L.) Genotypes Under Acidic Condition1
Bishnu H Adhikary2, Sheshraman Upadhyay 2,Babu R Pandey3, Janmejaya Gaire4 and
Bandhu R Baral3
2&3
4
National Maize Research Programme (NMRP), NARC, Rampur, Chitwan
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus (TU), Lamjung
ABSTRACT
Four improved maize varieties (Arun 1 EV, Manakamana-4, QPM/Posilo makai-1, and
Rampur Composite were tested to study the response of different levels of NPK and manures
on the grain production of different maize genotypes during the 2 consecutive years 2007/08
and 2008/09. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with 3 replications in the
acidic soils (4.6 pH) of NMRP research farm, Rampur at the plot size of 12 sq.m..Manures and
PK fertilizers were applied basally at the time of planting and nitrogen (N) was applied half as
basal and the other half as topdressing. The crop was planted in the month of September for
both years. Growth and yield parameters were analysed statistically following combined
analysis. The results revealed a positive response of manures and fertilizers on the grain
production of maize genotypes. Two years mean result indicated that the highest grain yield
(7.42 t ha-1) was recorded in Rampur Composite variety when the crop was fertilized by
180:90: 60 kg N, P2O5 and K2O along with 10 t ha-1 of compost followed by Posilo makai-1 at
120:60:40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O plus 10 t ha-1 of compost. Arun 1 EV, an early maturing
variety, seemed to be weak in grain production even at high levels of fertilization.
5
Key Words: Combined analysis, maize genotypes, manures and fertilizers, quality protein
maize and zea mays.
1
Proceedings of the 26th National Summer Crops Research Workshop.pp 344-350. Summer
crops Research in Nepal.Organized by Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) held at
National Maize Research Programme (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan on 3-5 March, 2010 (19-21
falgoon, 2066).
6.
Nitrogen And Maize Plant Densities1
Bishnu H Adhikary2 and Babu R Pandey3
National Maize Research Programme (NMRP), NARC, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
ABSTRACT
Hybrid maize developed from RML-4 and NML-2 and Deutee, a OPV maize variety were
tested for the study of response of 3 levels of nitrogen (60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) and 3 plant
densities (55,555; 66,666 and 83,333 plants ha-1) in the years 2007/08 and 2008/09 in the
acidic soil of NMRP research farm, Rampur, Chitwan. A factorial RCB design with 3
replications was employed in the experiment. The crops were fertilized with basal application
of 10 t ha-1 of compost and 60 :40 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and K2O, respectively. Three levels of N
were applied in the respective plots, half as basal and the remaining half as topdressing at
knee high stage. The crops were planted in September at a spacing of 30 cm x 60 cm, 25 cm x
60 cm and 20 cm x 60 cm, and harvested in Janauary at the full maturity stage. The crops were
sown in 18 sq.m. plot. The results showed positive effect of N on the grain production of the
both varieties.This paper discuss and highlights the results of N application on Deutee and
hybrid maize planted at varying densities.
Key Words: Grain production,hybrid maize, nitrogen levels, plant densities and
significant effect.
1
Proceedings of the 26th National Summer Crops Research Workshop.pp 356-361. Summer
crops Research in Nepal.Organized by Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) held at
National Maize Research Programme (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan on 3-5 March, 2010 (19-21
falgoon, 2066).
7. Effect of potassium on POTATO TUBER PRODUCTION IN ACID SOILS OF
MALEPATAN, POKHARA
Bishnu H. Adhikary1 , and KB Karki 2
ABSTRACT
6
Field experiments were conducted in an acidic soil to assess the response of potassium (K 2O) in potato
and its application methods. Six potassium levels (0, 50, 75, 100 kg ha-1 basal application, 50 kg basal
plus 50 kg top dressed, and 50 kg basal plus 50 kg sprayed) were tested to see the effects of potassium
levels and methods of their applications during the 3 consecutive years (2000, 2001 and 2002). A
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications was employed in the experiments. The
variety used in the experiment was MS 42. Three years mean results in tuber production showed that a
maximum of 473.33 g plant-1 of tubers were produced when 100 kg of potassium was applied basally.
Highest tuber yields at 24.75 t ha-1 were produced when 50 kg potassium was applied basally and 50 kg
top-dressed, a total of 100 kg ha-1. It can be recommended that a total of 100 K2O kg ha-1 could be
profitable. Despite very high potassium content there is a response to potassium fertilization.
Key words: Basal application, potassium, tuber production, top-dressing.
Nepal Agri. Res. J. 2006 vol.7: 42-48.
8. ENHANCING MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH THE USE OF SPLIT
APPLICATION OF PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM IN THE ACID SOILS
OF RAMPUR, CHITWAN
B. H. Adhikary and B. R. Pandey
National Maize Research Programme (NMRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC),
Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal3
ABSTRACT
Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are the major food elements for the crop growth and grain
production of maize (Zea mays L.).Their response to crop production could vary with their
application method and times. Split application of P and K increases the efficacy of the given
nutrients and thus increased grain yield could be expected in acid soil condition. To evaluate the
effects of methods of P and K application , series of experiments were conducted on maize for 3
consecutive years (2005, 2006 and 2007) in the acidic soils ( 4.77 – 5.09 pH) in the farmland of
NMRP, Rampur. The experiments were conducted in RCB design with 3 replications in the plot
size
of 12 sq.m. The crop was planted in the month of September and harvested in February. The crop
growth and production parameters were studied and analyzed statistically. The results revealed that
ear height and kernel rows were found statistically affected in the year 2005 and 2006. Similarly,
ear length and kernel numbers were affected significantly in the year 2007. Thousand grain weight
was also found significantly affected in all years. The highest 1000 grain weight of 457.66 g was
recorded in the year 2007 when the crop was supplied with 40 kg P2O5 (half basal and half
topdress) and 30 kg K2O (half basal and half top-dress) along with 10 t of compost and 100 kg /ha
of nitrogen. Significant effect of treatments was also observed in straw production during the years
2005 and 2006. The highest straw yield (6.33 t /ha) was recorded in the year 2005 when the crop
was fertilized by split application of P and basal dose of 30 kg K2O /ha along with 10 t /ha of
compost and 100 kg N. The effects of treatments were observed highly significant on the grain
production in all years. Three years mean result revealed that highest grain yield (6.16 t /ha) was
7
recorded when the crop was fertilized by 10 t compost plus 100 kg N applied along with 40 kg
P2O5 and 30 kg K2O which were applied half as basal and the other half as topdressing,
respectively. The highest yield increment (205.5 %) over the control plot was recorded at this
level of fertilization and method of P and K application. Farmers are suggested to apply P and K
fertilizers half as basal dressing and the other half as topdress in acid soil condition of Chitwan.
Key words: Crop growth and yield parameters, phosphorus and potassium application methods,
significant effect, yield increment and Zea mays.
_______________________________________
IAAS Jpurnal 2009, 30:57-62.
9.Effect of Nitrogen on Inbred Maize Seed Production
Planted at Varying Densities in the Acidic Soil at Rampur,
Chitwan1
Bishnu Hari Adhikary
2
National Grain Legumes Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agricultural Research
Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Abstract
Attempts have been made to summarise and highlight research findings on the
seed production of maize inbred through the use of different levels of nitrogen to
the crop planted at varying densities. Series of experiments on NML-1 inbred
were conducted in acidic soil (5.1 pH) during the year 2003 and 2004 at the
farmland of NMRP, Rampur to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and plant densities
on the grain production of maize inbred. A factorial RCBD with three replications
was employed in the experiment for the two consecutive years. Nitrogen at 60,
120 and 180 kg N /ha was applied and plant densities at 55,555; 66,666 and
83,383 plants/ ha were maintained in the experiment. Crop growth and yield
parameters were analyzed statistically. The results revealed that crop growth
(plant and ear height) was observed to be non-significant by the effect of the crop
density; however the effect of density and nitrogen on stover production was
observed to be significantly affected. The highest stover yield (7.7 t / ha) was
produced by the crop planted at the density of 66,666 plants/ha when the crop was
supplied with 180 kg nitrogen /ha. The highest number of kernels per kernel row
(24.3 kernels / row) was observed at this level of N and plant densities. The effect
of nitrogen and density on thousand grain weight was also found to be significant.
Two-years mean result revealed that highest seed yield (2.85 t/ha) was obtained
when the crop was supplied with 180 kg nitrogen /ha and plant densities at 66,666
plants ha. Increased seed yield of NML-1 inbred could be obtained with
increasing rate of nitrogen application upto the density of 83,383 plants/ ha.
Key Words: Grain and stover yield, maize inbred, nitrogen levels, plant density
and significant effect.
___________________________________
8
1
Proceedings of the Abstracts. pp 19. Fifth National Conference of Science and
Technology organized by Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) held on 10-12
November, 2008 (Kartik 25-27, 2065) at Kathmandu, Nepal (full paper 10 p).
10. FERTILIZER USE and MAIZE GENOTYPES
1
Bishnu H. Adhikary 2, Babu R.Pandey 3, and Y.G.Khadka 4
2
National Grain Legumes Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agricxulture Research
Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
3
4
National Maize Research Programme (NMRP), Nepal Agricxulture Research Council
(NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Soil Science Division, National Agriculture Research Institute, Nepal Agriculture Research
Council (NARC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
ABSTRACT
Fertilizers can help produce double or even triple crop yields. By applying the correct amounts
of fertilizer nutrients, crop growth and yields are increased. The response of fertilizer nutrients
to maize differs from variety to variety (genotypes) and soil fertility status of the area. To
evaluate the effects of fertilizer nutrients on the maize genotypes, experiments were conducted
in the farmland of NMRP, Rampur during the 3 consecutive years (2005 to 2007). Arun-4,
Population -44 C10 (Shitala) , Uphar and ZM 621 (recently released in the name Deutee) were
the varieties and six levels of fertilizer and manures were taken for the study. The results
showed significant effects of fertilizer nutrients on the crop yield. The three years mean results
revealed that highest grain yield of 6.42 t/ha was produced by the Uphar variety when the crop
was supplied with 150 : 80 : 60 kg of N, P2O5 and K2O /ha which showed the highest yield
increment of 167.5 % over Deutee variety at zero level of manures and fertilizer nutrients.
This paper discuss and highlights the response of fertilizers and manures on crop growth
characters and yield of different maize genotypes.
Key Words : Acid soil, crop growth and yield, Fertilizer nutrients, maize genotypes,
and significant effect.
-------------------------------------------IAAS Pl.Breeding J.(5): 34-41
11.EFFICASY OF AZOTOBACTOR IN MAIZE PRODUCTION IN ACID SOILS OF
RAMPUR, CHITWAN
Bishnu H. Adhikary, Jiban Shrestha and Bandhu R Baral
National Maize Research Programme (NMRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council
(NARC), Rampur, Chitwan
9
ABSTRACT
Azotobactor, artificially prepared inoculum (bio-fertilizer) could help increase maize
productivity when applied in combination with compost and NPK fertilizers. In order to
evaluate the effect of Azotobactor on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and grain production,
experiments were carried out in the acidic soils (5.3 pH) of National Maize Research
Programme (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan during the year 2008 and 09. Rampur Composite
variety was planted with a spacing of 75 cm x 25 cm at a plot size of 12 m 2. Results revealed
that maize growth (plant height, ear height, ear length and stover yield) were observed to be
significantly affected by the use of Azotobactor applied alone or in combination with compost
and NPK fertilizers. Highest stover yield (11.04 t/ha) was recorded when the soil was
inoculated with Azotobactor along with 10 t /ha of compost and NPK fertilizers at 120:60:40
kg /ha followed by the similar level of NPK fertilizers and Azotobactor without compost
application (10.63 t/ha); however non significant difference was observed in stover production
among them and with crops fertilized with NPK fertilizers alone (LSD 0.05= 2.18 t /ha). Nonsignificant effect of treatments was observed on the production of kernel rows and kernel
production in the ear rows. On the other hand, the effect of treatments on 1000 grain weight
was observed to be significant. Highest 1000 grain weight (493.0 g) was recorded with the crop
inoculated with the Azotobactor (soil application) applied along with compost and NPK
fertilizers. Application of NPK fertilizers alone produced only 437.6 g of grains. Similar trend
was observed in grain yield production also. Highest grain yield (6.62 t/ha) was recorded when
Azotobactor (soil application) along with 10 t/ha of compost and 120:60:40 kg N, P 2O5 and
K2O /ha was applied followed by the similar dose of NPK and Azotobactor but without
compost (6.38 t/ha). Fertilization with NPK alone produced only 6.30 t/ha of grains. Lowest
grain yield was recorded in the control plot (2.91 t/ha). Correlation between 1000 grain weight
and grain yield was observed to be positively correlated (r=0.856).Results of this experiment
revealed that inoculation with Azotobactor in maize production was found significantly nonbenificial when applied along with NPK fertilizers. It is suggested to apply Azotobactor (soil
application or seed inoculation) for increased maize productivity in areas where recommended
dose of fertilizers (120:60: 40 kg NPK /ha) could not be supplied because of their
unavailability or higher price.
Key words: Azotobactor, compost, maize grain yield and NPK fertilizers.
_________________________________________
IAAS Pl.Breeding J.2011 (6): 36-41,2011.
12. Enhancing Maize Productivity Through the Use of Split Application of
Nitrogen and Irrigation at Critical Stages in Sandy Soils of Rampur,
Chitwan.
BH Adhikary 1and KB Karki2
1
NMRP, Rampur and 2Soil Science Division, NARC, Khumaltar
Abstract
10
Split application of Fertilizer-N and subsequent irrigation on maize field at critical stages could help increase
urea-N use efficiency in sandy soils of Chitwan and thus crop productivity increased. To evaluate the effects of
split application of urea-N and irrigation at critical stages of crop growth, an experiment was conducted in the
acidic sandy soils of NMRP farmland during the year 2005. Ten t/ha of compost and 60 :40 kg P2O5 and K2O,
respectively, were applied basally in all the experimental plots. Some plots received only 50 ky Fertilizer-N and in
some 100 kg/ha, which were applied either basally or splitted 2 or 3 times and crop was irrigated 1 or 2 times at
the critical stages of crop growth and some crops were not irrigated. Crop was planted at the plot size of 12 sq.m
in February and harvested in June. Variety used in the experiment was Arun-4. Crop growth and yield parameters
were taken into study and analysed statistically. The crop growth parameters such as plant height, stem girth,
straw yield,leaf numbers and number of nodes per plant were observed to be significantly affected by the
treatments. Similarly, their effects on test weight (100 grains wt.) and grain yield were also found significantly
affected. The highest test wt (341.33 g) was recorded when the crop was supplied with 100 kg N which was
applied half as basal and half as topdressing at knee-high stage, followed by 2 irrigations, one at topdressing time
and anotherin tasseling stage.Maximum grain yield(4.04 t/ha) was recorded at this level of N application and
frequencies of irrigation which produced approximately 134 % higher grain yields as compared to that of nontreated crop followed by 3 split application of fertilizer-N (half basal, ¼ at knee high stage and ¼ at tasseling
stage) provided with 2 irrigation, one at 1 st topdressing and 2nd in 2nd topdressing time (3.86t/ha0. It is concluded
that 3 split application of fertilizer-N with 2 subsequent irrigation at critical stages could help increase the urea-N
efficiency and increase the crop productivity of winter maize in sandy soil condition of Chitwan.
Key words: Basal and split application, critical stages, irrigation, topdressing, nitrogen use efficiency and zea
mays.
_____________________________________
IAAS Plant Breeding Journal, 2008, vol 3:37-42.
13. EFFECTS OF MICRONUTRIETNS ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE IN ACIDIC
SOIL
BISHNU HARI ADHIKARY, JIBAN SHRESTHA AND BANDHU RAJ BARAL
National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC),
Rampur,Chitwan, Nepal
Corresponding author: E-mail: adhikary_bishnu@yahoo.com, jibshrestha@yahoo.com, Contact:
9845047962, 9808037472
Abstract:
Micronutrients are trace elements which are needed by the maize crop in small amounts and play
an active role in the plant metabolic functions in shortage of which show deficiency symptoms
and crop yields are reduced, they are therefore to be added into the soil before crop planting or
applied directly to the crop to increase maize productivity. In order to evaluate the effects of
micronutrients (B, Zn, Mo, S and Mn) on the grain production of maize (var. Rampur Composite),
series of field experiments were conducted during the winter season of three consecutive years
(2007 to 2009) in the acidic soil condition (5.1 pH) at National maize Research Programme
(NMRP), Rampur. Plant growth and yield parameters were studied. Results of the experiments
revealed that the treatments had significant effect on studied parameters. Three years yield data
following combined analysis indicated a sharp response of treatments on grain production and
11
was observed to be highly significant, however, the response on the maize grain production
among the micronutrient treated plots was observed small (5.43- 5.99 t/ha of grains) except with
the crop that lacked sulphur nutrient (4.71 t/ha). The highest grain yield (5.99 t/ha) was
recorded with the crop which was supplied with all micronutrients (B, Zn, S, Mn and Mo applied
in combination with NPK fertilizers at 120:60 40 kg /ha which produced almost 171 % higher
grain yield than those with control plot (2.21 t/ha) and 1.48 t/ha of additional grains over NPK
treated crop. It is suggested to apply micronutrients along with recommended dose of fertilizers
in the acidic soils of Chitwan.
Key words: Combined analysis, correlation, grain yield, significant effect and Zea mays L.
_________________________________
International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences. Vol., 1 (1), 8-15, 2010 Available online
at http://www.ecisi.com ©2011 ECISI Journals
14.Efects of Different Levels of Boron on Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)
Curd Production on Acid Soil of Malepatan, Pokhara
BH Adhikary, MS Ghale, C Adhikary, SP Dahal and DB Ranabhat
Agriculture Research Station, NARC, Malepatan, Pokhara
Abstract
Experiments were conducted in two consecutive years (2000 and 2001) at Agriculture
Research Station, Malepatan to evaluate theeffects of boron levels on cauliflower curd
production. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications was employed. Six levels
of boron (0kg, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 kg borax/ha) were tested. Fertilizers and manures were
applied at the rate of 120:60:40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O and 10 t of compost /ha in all plots. The
variety used in the experiment was Kibigiant. The growth (plant height, leaf numbers, leaf
length and fresh biomass production) was affected by boron levels. The maximum plant height
(42.05 cm) was observed when the crop was supplied with 25 kg borax/ha which was
palmost13.95 % higher than that of non-treated control crop. Maximum leaf numbers (12.73
leaves per plant) and leaf length (38.91 cm) were observed when the crop was fertilized with
10 kg borax/ha. The maximum biomass production(1.06 kg/plant) was obtained when the crop
was treated with 25 kg borax/ha.The curd size (diameter) was increased with increasing levels
of borax upto 15 kg borax/ha. The maximum curd diameter (10.28 cm) was produced when the
crop was treated with 25 kg borax. Highly significant effect of boron levels were observed on
the curd production. The two years mean showed an increasing curd production trend with
increasing levels of borax application. The maximum curd weight (10.9 t/ha) was observed
when the crop was supplied with 25 kg borax/ha. However, nonsignificant differences on curd
production were observed between 15 kg, 20 and 25 kg borax application/ha.
Key words: Boron, Brassica oleracea var.botrytis, curd production.
Nepal Agric. Res. L. Vol.5:65-68, 2004.
15. Effects of Nitrogen Levels on the Plant Growth and Corm Yield of Taro Landraces
(Colocasia esculenta Schott) in Acid Soils of Malepatan
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BH Adhikary, BR Pandey and M Joshi
NMRP, Rampur and Agronomy Division, NARC, Khumaltar
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at ARS, Malepatan in acid soils (pH 4.36) during the years
2002 and 2003 to evaluate the effects of nitrogen levels on farmers named taro landraces. Split
plot design with 3 replications was employed in the experiment. Five levels of nitrogen (0 kg
N, 10 t/ha compost, 50 kg N, 100 kg N plus 10 t compost, 150 kg N/ha) and 6 taro landraces
(Hattipau, Khari lamo, Thadomukhe,Seto panchamukhe, Khujure rato and Ratomukhe) were
taken into study. P and K were applied basally in all plots at the rate of 50 and 100 kg ,
respectively. Plant growth and corm production parameters were studied. The results showed
that plant growth (plant height, petiole production, leaf size)was not significantly affected by
the N-levels; however, increased plant height of 70.2 cm was observed when the crop was
fertilized only with 10 t /ha of compost. The crop produced 67.21 cm of plant height when it
was fertilized with 50 kg urea-N alone. Mean results showed that increased petiole numbers
(26.09) were produced by the Khujure rato taro landrace. The two years mean results indicated
that the taro crop when fertilized with 10 t of compost along with 100 kg urea-N produced
satisfactorily increased cormels (36.27 cormels /plant).In average, increased corm production
(52.49 t/ha0 was obtained when the crop was fertilized with 10 t of compost applied along with
100 kg urea-N. Hattipau landrace of taro was found to be high yielding (49.7 t/ha) than other
landraces tested.
Key words: Colocasia esculenta, taro landraces, nitrogen levels and corm production.
IAAS Journal of Plant breeding, 2007, vol (2):12-18.
16. Use of Fertilizers and Lime for Enhancing Productivity of maize Genotypes in
Western Hill of Nepal
BH Adhikary and KB Karki
NMRP, NARC, Rampur,Chitwan and Soil Science Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur
Abstract
Farmer's field experiment was conducted at Outreach sites in Tanahun and Palpa districts of
Western Nepal with the objectives of evaluating the effects of fertilizers and agricultural lime
on grain production of he local and improved (Manakamana-1) maize varieties during
summerseason of the year 2003 and 2004. Farmer's practice (without fertilizers) and with
fertilizers 60:30:30 kg (N, P2O5 and K2O) per hectare with or without agricultural lime (4
t/ha), were the reatments in experimental study that was conducted in facxtorial RCB design
with 4 farmers as replications. The results revealed that response of fertilizers and
agricultural lime was observed significant plant growth and kernels production including
varieties in both sites of Palpa and Tanahun districts. The highest grain yield of 5.1 t/ha was
produced by the local variety when the crop was supplied with 60:30:30 kg N, P2O5 and
K2O/ha along with 4 t/ha of agricultural lime in Tanahun. Manakamana-1 variety produced
the maximum grain yield (4.45t/ha) with the same levelof ertilization. The two district mean
grain yield result indicated that the highest grain yield of 3.9 t/ha was produced when the crop
was supplied with 60;30: 30 kg N, P2O5 and k2O /ha with agri-lime. Hence it is suggested that
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to increase maize productivity in the hills irrespective of the maize variety application of
fertilizers (60:30:30) with agricultural lime (4t/ha) is needed.
Key words: Agricultural lime, farmer's practice, yield increase,Zea mays.
Nepal Agric. Res. J. vol. 8:49-57, 2007.
17. Effects of Manures and Fertilizers on the Grain Production of Maize in Rotation
with Cowpea in an Acid Soil
BH Adhikary, RC Gauli and BB BC
ARS, Malepatan,Pokhara
Abstract
A field experiment on maize (Zea mays) was conducted during the years 1998-1999 in an
acid soil (pH 3.9-4.3) of the Agricultural Research Station (Horticulture) Malepatan, Pokhara
to evaluate the effects of manures and fertilizers on the production of maize. Different doses of
fertilizers (NPK) and compost were applied. The cowpea crop was also planted as a rotation
crop which was also fertilized with the given level of fertilizers and manures. The results
obtained from the two years study indicated that a maximum of 18.1 t/ha of maize biomass
could be produced, when the crop was fertilized with 20 t/ha of compost applied along with
100:75:40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O, which was almost 3 times that produced by non-treated
crops. The maize biomass was observed to be lower (10.4 t/ha) than all the treated plots when
it was fertilized only with chemical-nitrogen at 100 kg/ha. The pattern of production of maize
grain was similar to that of biomass production. The two year mean results revealed that4.65
t/ha of grain were produced when the crop was fertilized with 20 t/ha of compost plus 100:75:
40 kg N,P2O5 and K2O/ha,whereas the non-treated crop produced a grain yield of 1.85 t/ha.
The biomass and grain yield of maize were found to be higher in the second year because of
the introduction of a cowpea crop in the crop rotation.
Proc. Of an International Maize Symposium. Pp.160-162. Sustainable Maize Production
Systems for Nepal.Organized by CIMMYT and NARC, held December 3-5, 2001, Kathmandu,
Nepal.
18.Enhancing effect of Micronutrients on the Grain Production of Toria (Brassica
campestris Duth.var. Toria) in Chitwan Valley
BH Adhikary, DP Sherchan and DD Neupane
National Maize Research Programme(NMRP), Rampur, Nepal
Abstract
Experiments were conducted during 2001 and 2002 in farmer's field as well as on the farmland
of the National Maize research Programme 9NMRP) to evaluate the effects of different
micronutrients, namely boron (B), Zinc (Zn), sulphur (S), and agricultural lime (calcium/Ca)
and magnesium (Mg) on the grain production of toria (Brassica campestris Duth. Var. Toria).
Plant growth ( plant height, branch numbers, and pod numbers/plant0 was significantly
affected by the use of different micronutrients on toria crops when planted in the farmer's
field, but the increase was not significant at the research farmland of NMRP, Rampur.
Application of B, Zn and S produced the highest grain yield (1115 kg/ha) of toria under
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farmer's field conditions. Sulphur and boron together produced only 1077 kg/ha. The
productivity of toria was very low on the research farmland of NMRP. Similar amounts of
Zn,B, and S micronutrients prodced only 568 kg grains/ha. Approximately 55 % increment in
yield over the control plot in farmer's field condition and 52 % on research farmland were
observed when the crop was supplied with S,Zn, and b. The results suggest that the soil type,
production environment, and management practices were quite different between the farmer's
field and the research farmland. Nevertheless, they showedthat the application of
micronutrients (S,B, and Zn) is essential for achieving higher yields.
Proc. Of an international Workshop, pp.181-186. Micronutrients in South and South East Asia.
Organized by ICIMOD, NARC and University of Bergen, Norway held on 8-11 September,
2004, Kathmandu, Nepal.
19. Effet of Different Boron Levels on Radish (Rhaphanus sativus L. var. Meno Early)
Production in Pokhara Valley
BH Adhikary and HP Pathak
Agricultural research Station, NARC, Malepatan, Pokhara
Abstract
Different levels of boron on radish production was tested during the winter months of the year
1996 to 1998 at the Agricultural Research Station, Pokhara, Nepal. The experiment was
conducted in an acidic silty soil (pH 4.4-4.7) with 6 levels of borax and was replicated 4
times. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed in he experiment. The
results revealed that significant yield increase root of radish when the borax was applied at the
rate of 20 kg/ha. Highest root yields of 64.63 t/ha was achieved at this level. Application of
borax at 5 kg/ha increased the root yield of radish by 10 % over non-treated radish, whereas
the increment in root weight was found higher (26 %) when it was applied at the rate of 20
kg/ha. Application of borax also increased the diameter of the radish root compared to that of
non-treated radish. Three years yield results indicated an increase of root diameter and root
yield by borax application.
Proc. Of the 3rd National Conference on Science and Technology,Vol.II, pp 810-815.
Organized by Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (RONAST) held on March 811, 1999, Kathmandu, Nepal.
20. Effects on the Plant Growth and Fruit Production of Guava (Psidium guajava) to
Different Levels of Manures and Fertilizrs in Acid Soil of Malepatan
BH Adhikary, PR Bhurtyal, C Adhikary,BB Baniya and SP Dahal
Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Malepatan, Pokhara, Kaski
Abstract
Manurial experiments were conducted on 3 years old guava (Psidium guajava var. Pokhara
local) plants in acid soils (4.8 pH) of Agricultural Research Station, Malepatan during the years
2001 to 2003. Six levels of fertilizers (NPK) along with compost were applied toguava trees.
The experiment was designed in RCBD and was replicated 4 times. The fertilizers and manures
were applied twice by splitting the given doses and were continued for the following two
15
years. The effect of fertilizers and manures on the plant growth and fruit characters were
studied. The results revealed that branch and bud length were significantly affected by the
levels of manures and fertilizers. Maximum branch length of 74 cm was obtained when the
guava trees were fertilized with 390:480: 390 g of N, P2O5 and K2O, applied along with 25 kg
compost per tree. Highest bud length increase of 35.46mm was observed when the crop was
treated only with 50 kg compost/tree. Non-significant effect on increase in branch girth and in
production of new branch numbers was observed. Similarly, non-significant effect onplant
height increase and leaf number production was observed, however they were found increased
with increasing levels of fertilizer application. Fruit size 9diameter) was significantly
increased(27.41 mm) when the crop was fertilized with 390:480:390 g N,P2O5 and K2o plus
25 kg compost per tree along with multiplex spray. Fruit number and fruit length were not
affected by the fertilizer and manure levels. The highest fruit yield (10 fruit wt) of 337 g was
obtained when the crop was fertilized with 390;480:390 g N, P2O5 and K2O along with 25 kg
compost/tree and 2-3 ml of multiplex spray. Non-significant difference was observed between
multiplex spray or without spray at the same level of manure and fertilizer application. iT is
suggested to apply higher dose of fertilizer (390;480:390 g N, P2O5 and K2O along with 50kg
compost/tree) for better guava harvest.
Proc. Of Abstracts, pp 72-73.Fourth National Conference on Science and Technology
organized by RONAST held March 23-26, 2004, Kathmandu, Nepal (Full paper 10 p).