GEOLOGY & MINERAL RESOURCES OF
JALORE DISTRICT
Jalore district situated in the south western part of Rajasthan was formed out of
the erstwhile Jodhpur state after independence. This district is situated between Latitude
24°37' & 25°49' and Longitude 71° 11' & 73 °05' and is bounded by Banner district in
NW, Sirohi district in SE, Pali district in NE and Banaskantha district of Gujarat state in
SW. The district covers an area of 10640 sq kms comprising five tehsils namely Jalore,
Ahore, Bhinmal, Sanchor and Raniwara.
National highway No.15 connecting Jaisalmer to Samakhiali (Gujrat) passes
through Sanchore in this district. Three state highways no.11, 16 and 31 pass through
district connecting the district head quarter Jalore with other important cities. Jalore is
418 Kms. from Jaipur. The northern railway metergauge branch line for Samdari Raniwara passes through the district connecting Jalore & Bhinmal. Jalore is 250 Kms.
from Udaipur.
Physiographically the district is oblong in shape extending up to Rann of Kutch
(Gujrat). The region is generally plain but for some scattered thickly wooded hills in the
north and some hillocks in the centre. The eastern portion of the district is rocky while
the western tract is a roughly plain dotted with Sand dunes & sand ridges. Luni is the
main river in the district, with other small rivers, Jawai, Kheri Bandi & Sagi. All the
rivers are seasonal.
Geology
Only 5 to 10% of the district reveals exposures of different rock types and the
remaining area is covered by a thick blanket of sand and alluvium. The metasedimentary
rocks such as phyllite, schists, marble and quartzite belonging to the Delhi Super Group
(1,400 to 1,650 million years old) occur only as inclusions within the dominant granites
and rhyolites. The pink Jalore granite occurring near Jalore town is the most common
type of granite in the district. The older grey Erinpura granite is rare. The Malani rhyolite
and the associated agglomerate, volcanic ash, felsite etc. occupy west of Roja Bhaker and
Lakawas and also in the, north eastern parts of the district. These rocks represent a large
scale ancient volcanic activity on the Indian sub continent and have been estimated as
about 745 million years old. Dykes and veins of dolerite, granite porphyry, applite etc..
also occur at places.
The rock types found in the district are given as below:
Recent to
sub recent
Sand, alluvium etc.
Malani rhyolite
Post-Delhi-
Jalor granite
Erinpura granite
Intrusives
and
extrusives.
Mineral Resources
The following are the rocks and mineral resources of Jalore district:
Fluorspar
Fluorspar is an important industrial mineral valued for its calcium fluorite (CaF2)
content, and is the only major source of fluorine. It is chiefly used in the manufacture of
hydrofluoric acid and other fluorine chemicals, as a flux in steel making and as an
opecifier and flux in the ceramic industry. Fluorspar is an essential raw material for
manufacture of aluminium fluoride (AlF3) and artificial cryolite (Na3 AlF6 ), which are
used as flux and electrolyte in the production of primary aluminium.
The state department of Mines & Geology has discovered a fairly large deposits
of fluorspar near village Karada of Tehsil Bhinmal, during the field season of 1974-75.
Fluorspar and Baryte-occurrences have been discovered for the first time in Malani
volcanic suit of rocks which were known to be barren so far.
Mineralisation occurs in an area of 21 sq. km. (confined in 17 small hillocks) in
Malani volcanics represented by agglomerates, rhyolites, trachytes and basalts, in the
form of massive to thin veins and stringers as fracture and joint filling. As a result of
detailed investigation (by trenching and pitting) done by the State Department of Mines
& Geology, the total reserves of fluorspar are estimated to be 0.173 million tonnes of
51.9% CaF2 grade out of which about 70,000 tonnes are 80-95% CaF2 content. Veins of
baryte and calcite also occur along with fluorite in Karada area. The area is leased out to
RSMDC. The main activities of mining are located at Krisna hill, Rekha hill & Santoshi
hills. The production during 98-99 was approx. 10 tonnes.
Granite
The granite rocks which have, rather become the economic assets of the district,
belong to the Malani System of rocks. The Siwana and Jalor granites provides rocks of
high fassinating colours ranging from flesh to pink and light colours. Pink and grey
granite capable of taking good polish is found in abundance in the district. Details of the
important areas of granite in Jalore & its quality is discreted in the table no.1. A granite
polishing factory for making polished slabs was set up by the Rajasthan Government at
Jalor which was transferred to R.S.M.D.C in 1970.
Beside R.S.M.D.C., there are number of areas and more than 153 leases of granite
in private sector.
List of Granite mines in Jalore District:
S.No
Near Village
No. of Mines
1.
Nabi
6
2.
Mahaliwas
8
3.
Bhetala
6
4.
Barlawas
4
5.
Dhavla
7
6.
Kalaghata
3
7.
Devda
1
8.
Safada
1
9.
Keshwana
4
10.
Pijopura
3
11.
Muri
5
12.
Birbalsar
4
13.
Ledermer
-
14.
Tavab
5
15.
Raniwara Khurd
8
16.
Lal Ji-Ki-Dungri
1
17.
Desu
1
18.
Ratanpura
2
19.
Khambi
16
20.
Kavala
19
21.
Tavab (A)
7
22.
Tavab (B)
19
23.
Kot Kasta
1
24.
Bala
10
25.
Borta
6
26.
Leta
1
27.
Namawas
1
28.
Nosra
1
Besides above, building stones and masonary stones, Bajri etc. have been
produced in the District for local use.
Clay
Clay occurrence has bee reported near village Bhadrajun about 48 Km. north east
of Jalore town. Another occurrence of clay deposit is reported at Pal.
Bhadrajun clay is found in Rhyolite of Malani volcanic soil. It is white in colour
and gritty in nature. The chemical analysis indicates 70% free silica with 14-15%
alumina. In the area 0.2 million tonne reserves were assessed.
Saltpetre
Village Kanwla in Tehsil Ahor has deposits of saltpetre within an area of about
1.9 bighas. The area was previously leased on fixed royalty basis. Local persons were
employed there for crude refining of saltpetre which is used for local pottery and fire
works and ammunitions industry.
Gypsum
Gypsum deposits are located near Ramsin, chawarda in Ahor Tehsil and at
number of places in Sanchore Tehsil. Ramsin and Sayar-ka- Kasita area is already leased
out to M/s R.S.M.D.C. Other small deposits are located near Vediya, Chittarwana,
Sewada, Hemagura and Haryali area.
Besides above, building stones and masonary stones, Bajri etc. have been
produced in the district for local use since long back. Small granules of the grey and
brown rhyolites are widely used in mosaic flooring.
Serpentinised dolomitic marble is known to occur near village Rupi, 9.5 Kms.
south west of Bhinmal. Minor occurrences of graphite and feldspar has also been found
in the east of Bhinmal town.
Mineral Administration
Mineral administration work in the district is being looked after by Assistant
Mining Engineer, Jalore which is under Mining Engineer Sirohi & Suptdg. Mining
Engineer Jodhpur. The geological work is carried out by office of Senior Geologist Sirohi
which is under Suptdg. Geologist (Phosphate) Udaipur. This office looks after geological
work in Sirohi & Jalore districts. The telephone numbers of these offices are as below:
Senior Geologist Sirohi
AME- Jalore
02972-32542
02973-32212
Office address- Both the offices are situated in one building. The address is:
Department of Mines & Geology
Khanij Bhawan, Pali Road, Sirohi
During the year 1999-2000 three Projects have been kept for geological
investigation in the district
1. Mineral Survey for clay and Gypsum near village Jhab, Thoban, etc. teh.
Sanchor district. Jalore.
2. Delineation for blockable granite areas around Nabi & Maylawas village Teh.
& district. Jalore.
3. Investigation for Jaspar, flint & other abrassive stones n/v Pachanwa,
Dudiyali, Lyatji , teh. Ahor, district Jalore.
Mineral Based Industries
A large number of granite based Industries have been setup near Jalore which
include granite cutting & polishing units, Tile manufacturing units and Granite machinary
manufactureres. Jalore has been termed as granite city because of its vicinity to the
granite deposits. At present there are more then 295 such units in Jalore producing slabs
& tiles. There is ample scope for setting up of other such industries as demand for Jalore
granite is increasing as it has large varieties of different colours.
Unpublished Geological Reports of Jalore District
A.Geological Survey of India & others (Available with Department of Mines &
Geology)
Shekhawat, L.S. & Bohra, S.K.; 987-88, Systematic geological mapping in parts
of Barmer & Jalore districts (Part C) Pal, G.N. & Guha, D.B. ; 1984-85, Quaternary
geological and geomorphological mapping in the. lower Luni Basin, Jalore & Barmer
districts.
Bhatnagar, P.S.; 1984-85, Quaternary geological and geomorphological studies in
parts of the lower Luni Basin Barmer & Jalore districts.
Mukherji, B & Pyne T.K. : 1978-79, Reports on systematic geological mapping of
the Malani Suite of Igneous Rocks in parts of Jalore district.
Mukherji, B.S. Murlidharan, V ; 1975-76, Report on systematic geological
mapping of Erinpura granites and Malani Suites of Igneous Rocks in parts of Jalor
district.
Chattopadhyay & Gangopadhyay; 1973-74, Report on systematic geological
mapping of Erinpura granite and Malani Igneous suite of Rocks in Jalore district.
Bhargava, K.D.; A report on clay deposit near Bhadrajun.
Mehta, S.C.; Reconnaissance for economic minerals in Jalore district.
Singh, S.P.; Reconnaissance for economic minerals in Jalore district.
Rai, S.C.; Regional assessment of different colour granite near Dhorimanna,
Chhopan-Ki-Dungri, Chohtan, Jaswantpura area in Jalore and Barmer districts.
Sharna, J.P., Singh, S.P.; A report on reconnaissance for economic mineral around
Dorra village in Bhinmal tehsil.
Sharma, J.P.; Final report on reconnaissance for economic mineral around
Raniwara.
M.U. Agwani, D.K. Porwal; A Report on reconnaissance for economic minerals
such as Clays and Gypsum near village Bhadrajun and Kishangarh, Teh. Ahor.
R.P. Vijayvergia; A report on reconnaissance for economic minerals near village
Nabi- Mayalawas teh. and disrict. Jalore.
M. S. Mehta; Report on reconnaissance and regional geological mapping of the
area around Deogarh, Rama, Selri, Banki, Korana Bala, Chandrai, Tamaka and Panchota
teh. Ahor.
M.S. Kothari, R.P. Vijayvergia ; A report on regional mineral survey for
Blockable granite in parts of Ahor, Raniwara and Bhinmal tehsil.
R.K. Dixit, R.P. Vijayyegia; Regional mineral Survey for granite and other
minerals around village Bithan, Akuna, Kerada, Baitarna and in part of Jalor & Sirohi
Disricts.
S.No.
Minerals
No. of Leases
1994-95
I
98-99
Production
(in'000tonnes)
1994-95
1.
MajorMinerals
Fluorite
5
6
0.75
2.
Gypsum
1
1
39.74
II
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Minor Minerals
Granite
Marble
Masonary stone
Bajri
Rhyolite
228
5
55
-
280
2
123
2
6.70
0.30
13.51
-
98-99
Sale-Value
(in'000 ton.)
1994-95
98-99
10.55
(P)
20.47
(P)
26.31
5.73
485.300
(P)
3.070 (P)
(27.813)
NIL
261.64
376.60
-
100.72
1.50
5.40
-
180.76
NIL
209.31
282.45
-
Revenue
(in '000 ton.)
1994-95
98-99
282.08
430.19
1306.80
430.01
5401.68
81.00
487.99
330.25
-
6770.68
10.96
655.06
1762.01
15.00
CLAYS IN RAJASTHAN – II
FIRE CLAY
In the last issue we have given a brief account on China clay and ball clay
occurrences in Rajasthan .In continuation of that a brief account of fire clay is given in
the following pages.
Fire clays consist mainly of the mineral kaolinite (Al2O32Sio22H2O) with minor
amounts of other clay minerals, quartzite, iron, titaniam and alkali impurities.
The term has been commonly applied to refractory clays associated with
sedimentary formations and in reality encompasses a wide spectrum of natural kaolinite.
The fire clays, used as refractories are capable of withstanding temperatures
around1700°c.
Fireclays have two modes of occurrence : (i) fairly well defined beds associated
with coal seams and (ii) lenticular beds associated with other coarser sediments. The
colour and other characteristics usually vary depending on the mode of formation. The
chemical parameters determining the suitability in refractory industry include 60 to 62%,
SiO2, 24 to 36% or above A12O3 and less than 5% total fluxes of which the alkali and
iron should be particularly low. Fire clays include both plastic and non plastic varieties. A
good fireclay should have 24 to 26% water of plasticity and shrinkage after firing should
be within 6 to 8%.
Essentially based on chemical composition, fireclays, may be either aluminous or
siliceous and usually burn buff. The aluminous variety burns dense and is more
refractory. Fireclays are usually fissile, practically non magnetic and has a low electrical
conductivity. Based on the capacity to withstand high temperatures, the fireclays are
graded into the following four categories.
Grade
Low duty
Medium duty
Hight duty
Super duty
Cone
19- 28
30
32
35
Oc
1515 -1615
1650
1700
1750
The important deposits of fire clay are located in the state of Bihar, West
Bengal, Madhya Pradesh & Neveli lignite fields of Tamil Nadu.
Occurrences in Rajasthan
Rajasthan contributes about 10% of fire clay to the total country's production.
There are 4 mining leases for fire clay in the state and about 900 tonnes minerals was
produced during the year 1997-98. The description of the deposits in the state is given
below.
Bikaner District
Palana : The fire clay is 0.60 to 0.90 metre thick occurring below the lignite at
depths varying from 39 to 76 metres. It is plastic. The estimated reserves are about two
million tonnes, The fire caly occurring above the lignite seams are upto 2 m. thick, but
these are of inferior quality. It is blackish grey in clour having good slaking
characteristics. The chemical assay is Sio2-39.24%, A12O3 25.40%, Fe2O3-1.25% & LOI12.28%, Water of plasticity 29, dry shrinkage-4% Vitrification buff white fairly vitrified,
PCE is orton cone 31.
Barsingsar : In Barsingsar area clay have been encountered in the bore holes
drilled for lignite exploration. It occurs with an average thickness of 0.5 metres to 0.8
metres at various depths between 30 to 120 mts. The clay beds are found alternately with
the lignite seams. A thick bed of clay (about 10 mts.) is also found as overburden on
lignite seams at 10 mts. depth-from the surface. Studies on these clays have been
conducted in the ceramic & ore dressing laboratory of the department. The impurities of
fme silica and iron oxide & in some cases minor amount of carbonates have been found.
The plasticity is good. The average chemical analysis of crude clays are SiO2-56.98%.
Al2O3 -28.16%, Fe2O3 -2.40%, TiO2 -0.80%, CaO-0.56%, MgO-0.40%, Na2O -0.67%,
K2O-0.84%, LOI-9.20% and for washed clay it is SiO2 -45.60, Al2O3 -35.82%, Fe2O31.28%, TiO2 -0.48%, CaO-0.28%, MgO-0.20%, Na2O -0.20%, K2O-0.24%, LOI 11.92%. It slakes moderately. On an average the weight recovery of good grade clay in
washing varies from 36% to 58.5% vitrification at 1400°c. to creamish white in colour,
fairly vitrified. large quantities of fire clay will be available from this area when lignite is
mined. About 15 million tonnes of clay may be available from this area.
Den: An extensive deposit of clay at village Deh, distt. Bikaner, under the ball
clay bed has been located during lignite investigations.
Gurha : The clay beds about 1.5 to 3 mts. in thickness have been found above
the lignite seam at village Gurha and on an average 0.3 m. thick. clay will be available
during the mining of lignite.
Alwar District
Kalgoan : A pocket of white, shining clay 10 m. long and thick is intercalated in
a sequence of quartzites and phyllite.
Pharoti : Clay occurs intercalated in steeply dipping, quartzit. It is soft, light grey
and fairly plastic. The deposit appear to be more extensive.
Baswagate: It is a small deposit occurring near Rajgarh town. It is greyish white
in colour and slightly iron stained. Water of plasticiy 15.99%.
Clay deposits also occur at Anandpura, Kuncha and Bigwada areas of Alwar
district.
Jhunjhunu District
Girwari: The deposit is located about 2 km. S.W. of Girwari. In this area
brownish clay occur having moderate plasticity and good vitrification characteristics. The
deposit is not extensive. The fire clay reserves are estimated to be less then ten thousand
tonnes.
Sawai Madhopur District
Phalodi : Clay occuring at Phalodi is plastic, brownish in colour. The
average thickness of the clay band is 1.5 mts. The reserve is about twenty thousand
tonnes. The other deposits are located at Naranli and Tatwara. The depostis at
Bhatpura, Ghat, Ghadi & Nirapur are being mined for clay.
Barmer District
Botia clays: The deposits at Botia distt. Barmer is fairly large with estimated
reserves of about 1.2 million tons. The clay is soft & gritty and is grelyish white in
colour. It analyses to SiO2 -59.68%, Al2O2 -25.66%, Fe2O3-1.17%, K2O & Na2O3
0.36% LOI-9.98. It is suitable for making fire clay insulation bricks, sewer pipes ect.
Bhadres : The clay band about 1 m. thick occurs 5 km. from Bhadres. It is
suitable for refractory.
Nimla : The clay is fine grained; occurring 1 km south of this village it is
suitable for stoneware & fire clay insulation bricks.
Bharatpur District
In this district fire clay occurs associated with red ochre near village
Chhuntri and Vilong. The clay is suitable for the production of stoneware and fire
clay insulation bricks.
Reserves & Grade
The Known recoverable reserves of different clays viz. ball clays, china
clays and fire clays are placed at about 35 millions tonnes, 208 million tonnes and
17.8 million tonnes respectively. However, additional rserves of 20 million tonnes
of fire clay will be also available form Barsingsar, Palana, and Gurha area of distt.
Bikaner.
The clay deposits of Rajasthan can be classified in terms of their use in various
industries. Ball clays of Bikaner are plastic, white burning and can be used to have better
green strength in the body of Ceramic items. Fire clays available interbedded with lignite
seams could be used in the production of saggars & refractories. Other clay deposits in
various districts are the china clays. Grade of china clay of Rajasthan varies depending
upon the impurities present in it and hence they are being used in different ceramic
industries. The clay deposits of Chittorgarth & nearby area generally contain a higher
percentage of SiO2, CaO and iron. They are suitable for cement manufacture as they have
the property of good lime reactivity. The other deposits of china clay in the distt. of
Bhilwara, Sikar, Jaipur, Sawaimadhopur, Alwar and Bundi are suitable for the
manufacture of white ware, electrical insulator, glazed tiles, sanitary ware, potteries, and
fine ceramies.
Specification for fire clay in various industries
The name fire clay is given to a group of refractory clays which can stand
temperatures above POE 19. Fire clay is generally sedimentary in origin and is mainly
found in coal measures as bedded deposits. In nature fire clay is usually found to contain
Al2O3, SiO2, oxides of calcium, iron titanium and magnesium, and alkalies Refractories
and Plasticity are the two main properties needed in fire clay for its suitability in the
manufacture of refractory bricks. However, all lfireclays are not necessarily plastic clays.
Depending upon the refractoriness, fire clay can be used for manufacture of low duty,
intermediate duty, high duty or super duty fire bricks.
(1) Present status of specification of fire clay for different and use industries and
the likely future trend (Item (1) of the terms of reference:
The only industry in which fire clay is used is refractory industry. The I.S.I. has not
standardized andy specification. Recently, the Sub-committee on Refractory raw
materials appointed by the Directorate General of Technical Development (DGTD) has
recommended the following seven specifications.
Gr.I
Gr.II
Gr.III
32-25% 1.0
30-32% 1.5a) Non-plastic/ Semi- Al2O3 : 35-40% Fe2O3: 1.0% (max)
1.5% 32 (min) 2% 30(min)
plastic caly
PCE: 33 (min) (Orto)
b) Plastic caly
Gr.I
Gr.II
Gr.III
Gr.IV
A12O3:30-32%
28-30% 2-3% 22-28% 1-2% 18-20% 1.5Fe233: 1-1.5% PCE:
28 (min)
26 (min)
2% 18-21
30 (min) (Orton)
(2) Present status of classification of reserves according to its industial
applications (Item(ii) of the terms of reference) :
In the inventory as on 1.1. 85 (as also in earlier inventories), no attempt has been
made to classify the reserves according to different grades.
(3) Recommendations for standardization fo grades for different end-use
applicatio1l for purpose fo reserve estimation keeping in view the broad limitations of the
exploration agencies.
(Item (iii) of the terms of reference) :
After examining the specifications prescribed by the Sub-committee on Refractory
Raw Materials of the D.G.T.D., the Group recommends the following end-use
classification of reserves:
Refractory industry
a) Non-plastic/
Semi plastic
type
b) Plastic
type
A12O3
Fe2O3
PCE
A12O3
Fe2O3
PCE
:
:
:
:
:
:
30% (min)
2% (max)
Orton cone 30 (min)
18% (min)
3% (max)
Orton cone 18 (min)
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No. F14(2)/Mines/Gr-II/99
Jaipur, Dated : 15 Apr 1999
Circular
It has come to the notice of Government that mining leases have sanctioned
without proper verification of revenue khasra number. Applications for sanction of
mining lease are invariably accompanied by a statement of revenue khasra number so
that, while demarcating the area on the ground, there should be perfect reconcilation with
revenue maps. Apparently, this procedure is not being followed whioh is resulting in
anomalies.
Certain cases of above nature have come to the notice of government and a very
serious view has been taken on the nomalies. All Mining Engineers are directed to stricly
follow the procedure laid down in this circular. In all leased issued within your
jurisdiction, anomalies, if any, should be pointed out within 120 days from the date of
receipt of this circular. Any discrepancies notioed there after would be viewed seriously.
sd/Dy. Secretary to Govt.
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esa vko';d izLrko Hkstus ds funsZ'k fn, x;sA
Hkkjr ljdkj ds fn'kk funZs'k ds vuqlkj ,sls lHkh ekeyksa esa QkeZ ^^ts^^ ij
vkosnu i= vof/k lekfIr ds ,d o"kZ iwoZ izzLrwr gksus gS] rFkk vkosnu 'kqYd ds
vfrfjDr vU; nLrkost vkosnu i= ds lkFk fHktk;s tkus gS] tSlkfd u;s uohuhdj.k ds le;
vko';drk gksrh gSA ,sls ekeys nks izdkj ls foHkDr gksrs gS%&
¼1½ og izdj.k ftlesa {ks= o lhek esa ugha vkrk gSA
¼2½ og {ks= ftlesa ou lhek esa gksdj MkbZo'kZu dh dk;Zokgh py jgh gSA
tks] izdj.k ou lhek esa ugha vkrs gS muesa iV~Vs/kkjh }kjk mijksDrkuqlkj
vkosnu dj lgefr nsus ij Lohd`fr dh dk;Zokgh dh tk ldrh gS A foHkkx dks vc ;g
tkudkjh gks pqdh gS fd ou {ks= esa dkSu&dkSu ls [kuu iV~Vs Lohd`r gS] ftuesas
MkbZo'kZu dh dk;Zokgh dh xbZ gS fd dkSu&dkSu ls [kuu iV~Vs ou lhek ls ckgj
py jgs gSA vr% mu lHkh ou lhek ds ckgj ds [kuu iV~Vs ftuds izFke uohuhdj.k dks
vxys 10 o"kZ dh vof/k ds fy, f}rh; fd'r Lohd`r djus gsrq mDrkuqlkj vkosnu i= izkIr
gq, gS vFkok gkssaxs] ,sls ekeyksa esa ou foHkkx dks {ks= dh fLFkfr ckcr~ ugha
fy[kuk gSA dsoy ou {ks= esa vkus okys [kuu iV~Vh dh vafre MkbZo'kZu ds i'pkr~
gh vof/k 10 ls 20 o"kZ djus ds fy, fopkj.kh; gSA
f}rh; og {ks= tks ou lhek eas gS rFkk MkbZo'kZu dh dk;Zokgh py jgh gS
,sls ekeyksa esa ou {ks= MkbZo'kZu gksus ij gh iV~Vk/kkjh dh lgefr ds vk/kkj ij
izFke uohuhdj.k dh f}rh; fd'r Lohd`r dh tk ldrh gSA ;gka ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd
dqN ekeys ,sls Hkh gks ldrs gS] ftueas izFke uohuhdj.k dh vof/k lekIr gks xbZ gS
;k ,d o"kZ ls gh de le; jg x;k] mlds fy, iV~Vk/kkjh }kjk fu/kkZfjr QeZ ij vkosnu ugha
dj [kuu iV~Vs dh izFke uohuhdj.k dh f}rh; fd'r Lohd`fr gsrq iwoZ esa gh lk/kkj.k i=
ij fuosnu dj fn;k gks mlds izkFkZuk i= dh gh iw.kZ ekudj Åij of.kZr funsZ'kksa dks
/;ku esa j[krs gw, vko';d izLrko Hkst fn;k tkos Hkfo"; ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj dk i= fnukda
1-2-99 ftl frfFk dks vkids dk;kZy; esa izkIr gwvk gS mlds vuqlkj i= izsf"kr gksus ij
mDrkuqlkj fHktk;as tkosaA
g-@
v- funs'kd ¼[kku½ eq[;ky;
[kuu iV~Vk/kkfj;ksa dh e`R;` ds ckn [kuu iV~Vs okfjl ds uke
ukekarj.k djus ckcr~
[kuu iV~Vk/kkfj;ksa dh e`R;` ds ckn [kuu iV~Vs okfjl ds uke ukaekrj.k fd;k
tkrk gS ijarq ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd ukekarj.k ds le; jktdh; cdk;k dk /;ku ugha j[kk tkrk
gS ,oa ;g Hkh fopkj.kh; jgk gs fd [kuu iV~Vk uohuhdj.k vkosnu i= yafcr gksus dh
fLFkfr eas D;k sigys vkosnu i= dk fuLrkj.k fd;k tk, ;k ukekarj.k dk;Zokgh dh tk, \ bu
nksuksa fcanqvksa ij funs'kky; Lrj ij fopkj fd;k x;k gSA bl laca/k esa fuEu funsZ'k
fn, tkrs gS ftldh ikyuk d`i;k lwfuf'pr djsaA
¼1½ iV~Vs/kkjh dh e`R;q ds mijkar ftl okfjl ds i{k esa [ku iV~Vs dk
ukekadu fd;k tkuk gS] ,ao [kuu iV~Vs esa ;fn jktdh; cdk;k gS rks ml okfjl ds i{k esa
ukekadu laca/kh fu.kZ; fy;k tkdj mUgsa bl vk'k; dk i= tkjh fd;k tk, fd [kuu iV~Vs ds
ukekadu ckcr~ muds i{k esa fu.kZ; fy;k x;k gS vkSj vkSipkfjd #i ls vkns'k tkjh djus
ls iwoZ foHkkxh; cdk;k ftlesa Hkwfedj Hkh lfEefyr gks voxr djkrs gq, 30 fnol esas
tek djkbZ tkosaA
¼2½ [kuu iV~Vs ds uohuhdj.k ds le; yafcr vkosnu i= ds nkSjku ;fn
iV~Vs/kkjh dh e`R;q gks tkrh gS rks igys ukekadu dh dk;Zokgh fcanq&I dks /;ku
eas j[krs gw, dh tk, vkSj mlds ckn iV~Vs dk uohuhdj.k ml okfjl ds i{k esa ftlds uke
ij ukekadu fd;k x;k] uohuhdj.k Lohd`r fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
g-@
vfrfjDr funs'kd ¼[kku½ eq[;ky;