PRETEST PRACTICE QUESTIONS
EXAM#1
Due at the beginning of the day of the exam
1. Organs are composed of tissues, which are composed of cells. This is an example of which characteristic of life?
A.Living things grow and develop.
B.Living things respond to stimuli.
C.Living things maintain themselves by homeostasis.D.Living things have levels of hierarchical organization.
2. The smallest unit that has all of the characteristics of life is the:
A.cell.
B.tissue.
C.organ.
D.organ system. E.organism.
3. Which level of biological organization is composed of tissues?
A.organism
B.organ system
C.organ
D.cell
E.molecules
4. Which sequence correctly lists the different levels of biological organization?
A.cells-organs-tissues-organ systems-organism
B.cells-tissues-organ systems-organs-organism
C.tissues-cells-organs-organ systems-organism
D.tissues-organs-organ systems-organisms-cells
E.cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organisms
5. A fossil was once a living organism but its tissues have now been replaced by minerals and it no longer exhibits most
properties of life, except for:
A. organization B.homeostasis.
C.growth and reproduction.
D.response to stimuli.
6. Outside, the non-living world is unorganized and chaotic while inside the cell or organism there is a relatively constant
environment; maintaining this environment is a process of:
A.behavior.
B.thermodynamics.
C.homeostasis
D. metabolism.
E. adaptation.
7. A kernel of corn contains an embryo plant that is capable of becoming a complex plant with roots, stalks, leaves and ears
of corn. This potential reflects which property of life?
A.growth & development B.response to stimuli
C.adaptation
D.homeostasis
E.metabolism
8. Which of the follwing is the correct order of levels of organization from small to large?
A.cell-organ-tissue-organ system-population-community-ecosystem
B.cell-tissue-organ system-organ-population-community-ecosystem
C.cell-tissue-organ-organ system-community-population-ecosystem
D.cell-tissue-organ-organ system-population-community-ecosystem
E.cell-tissue-organ system-organ-community-population-ecosystem
9. All members of one species within a particular area form a:
A.biosphere.
B.ecosystem.
C.population.
D.nation.
E.country.
10. All populations in one natural setting plus their physical environment constitutes a(n):
A.biosphere.
B.ecosystem.
C.population.
D.habitat.
E.cohort.
11. When researchers test a new human cancer drug using mice, the mice constitute the:
A.hypothesis.
B.data.
C.experimental design. D.model.
E.control.
12. Which of the following is not one of the six basic elements of living organisms?
A.nitrogen
B.oxygen
C.chlorine
D.hydrogen
13. The atoms contain:
A.neutrons only
B.electrons only.
C.protons, neutrons, and electrons.
D.protons and neutrons.
14. To measure the activity of the human brain during certain thought processes, a short-lived radioactive sugar is injected in
the carotid artery and is utilized by those cells that are most active. This shows up on a PET scan and demonstrates the
detection of:
A. sulfur
B.X-rays
C.covalent bonds
D.neutrons.
E.isotopes.
15. Which of the following molecules is NOT a compound? A.H2O B.HCl C.H2
D.C6H12O6
E.NaOH
16. You can hold a water droplet between two fingertips held slightly apart. This is an example of what property of water?
A.cohesion of water molecules from hydrogen bonding.
B.dissociation of the ionic bonding of water.
C.you are very strong
D.vibrational movement of water molecules.
17. The water strider is an insect that skates across the water without sinking. The tips of its feet should be coated with
molecules that are:
A.ions B.hydrophilic
C.hydrophobic
D.isotopes
E.acidic.
18. Since pure water is neutral, it contains:
A.no hydrogen ions
B.neither hydrogen nor hydroxide ions.
C.equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
19. If he pH of the saliva is slightly basic. Which of the following would therefore be an expected pH for saliva?
A.6.4
B.4.6
C.1.7
D.7.4
E.13.8
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20. Organic molecules always: A. contain carbon. B.contain nitrogen
C.contain sulfur
D. are found only plants
21. Which is NOT a correct association of organic molecules?
A.Starch, glycogen, cellulose
B.fatty acids full of hydrogens are an unsaturated
C.A protein is a polymer of amino acids.
D.ATP is used for energy storage rather than cell structure.
22. DNA and RNA heredity molecules code for the sequence of amino acids but not sugars or lipids.
T
F
23. A genetic mutation can cause a change in the sequence of the 20 amino acids used to build proteins. Such a change is a
change to the protein's structure:
A.primary only
B.secondary only
C.tertiary only
D.primary structure but will alter 2nd and 3rd
E.None of the choices because a protein has a very rigid shape.
24. Glycogen is a:
A.monosaccharide used for quick energy.
B.protein found in cell membranes.
C.polysaccharide used to store glucose/energy.
D.fat found in margarine. E.nucleotide found in the nucleus
25. Lactose is classified as a:
A.nucleic acid.
B.fatty acid.
C.protein.
D.carbohydrate.
E.lipid.
26. All carbohydrate molecules have:
A.amino acids.
B.nitrogen&phosphate. C.organic acids.
D.C & H only
E.C, H, O
27. ____ is found in muscles and accounts energy strength.
A.Cellulose
B.DNA
C.Glycogen
D.Phospholipid
E.Cholesterol
28. A fat molecule formation requires:
A.glycerol
B.fatty acids.
C.glucose
D.both glycerol and fatty acids.
29. Nucleic acids are polymers of: A.amino acids. B.nucleotides.
C.glycerol.
D.monosaccharides.
30. Which association is NOT correct?
A.nucleic acid—genes
B.carbohydrate—enzymes C.fats—storage of energy D.proteins—transport of molecules
E.cellulose—plants
31. Antibodies are organic compounds classified as: A.nucleic acids.
B.carbohydrates. C.lipids. D.steroids. E.proteins.
32. The _____ structure of a protein consists of the sequence of the amino acids joined together by polypeptide bonds.
A.primary
B.secondary
C.tertiary
D.quaternary
E.molecular
33. If two amino acids are joined together, the resulting molecule is a(n):
A.lipid.
B.disaccharide.
C.fatty acid.
D.peptide.
E.sucrose
34. The proposed cause of mad-cow disease, scrapie in sheep, and kuru in cannibals from the New Guinea highlands is a
change in a brain protein. Disease victims appear to have a normal protein that should contain primarily coiled alpha helix changed
conformation into a protein mainly made of pleated beta sheets. This would constitute a change in the:
A.linear sequence of the amino acids or its primary structure.
B.secondary structure.
C.tertiary structure.
D.quaternary structure only
E.protein into a nucleic acid.
35. Which of these combinations would be found in a nucleotide?
A.base-acid
B.adenine-thymine-uracil
C.base-sugar-phosphate group
D.DNA-RNA-nucleus
36. The backbone (sides of the ladder) of a nucleic acid is:
A.NCCN.
B.R groups.
C.bases.
D.sugar-phosphate
E.adenine-thymine
37. The final shape of a protein is very important to its function. When proteins undergo an irreversible change in shape
called ________________ they ________________ perform their usual functions.
A.naturation/can
B.naturation/cannot
C.denaturation/can
D.denaturation/cannot
38. Similar to most liquids, water becomes most dense when it becomes solid (ice).
True False
39. Cholesterol is an example of a saturated fatty acid.
True False
40. Hemoglobin is a complex protein having a primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure.
True False
41. When an egg is cooked on a stove, the albumin protein of the egg is said to be denatured.
True False
42. If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence TATAGCGC, its complementary strand will have the sequence:
a.TTUUAAGG
b.ATATCGCG
c.GCCATGC
d.CGGTACG
43. If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence TATAGCGC, its mRNA will have the sequence:
a.TTUUAAGG
b.AUAUCGCG
c.GCCATGC
d.CGGTACG
44. A helicase is required when DNA replication because the DNA is usually:
a.too big
b.itoo small
c.closed
d.opened
45. Genetic messages can be altered:
a.deliberately
b.through the protein c.by mutation
d.by depression
46.The study of all living things is called: a.Biology
b.ecology
c.evolution
d.genetics
47. Proteins are made from amino-acids which are connected together by:
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a.sugars
b. bonds
c. peptide bonds
d. hydrogen bonds
48. The main function/s of carbohydrates is/are:
a.store genetic information b.catalysis
c.structure
d.structure and energy
49. Molecules such as glycogen and cellulose that are formed from long chains of individual sugar molecules are called:
a.proteins
b.polysaccharides
c.steroids
d.lipids
50. DNA is considered this type of compound.
a. lipid
b. protein
c. carbohydrate d. no correct response
51. The shape of a protein affects what?
a.volumen
b.function
c.color
d.mass
52. Genes are passed through generations with what molecule?
a.ribonucleic acid
b.deoxyribonucleic acid c.proteins
d.lipids
53. The basic unit of matter is called: a.neutron
b.proton
c.atom
d.electron
54. Codon/anticodon are related to: a.mRNA/tRNA b.DNA/RNA
c.DNA/mRNA
d.tRNA/rRNA
55. Mutagens, such as the nicotine and UV, can cause:a.changes b.mutations
c.energy d.polarity
56. All four DNA nucleotides differ in:
a.sizes
b.hydrogen bonds they form
c.phosphate d.type of sugar
57. The cells keep a constant ph with the use of: a.acids
b.bases
c.buffers
d.atoms
58. The ability to do work is a good indication of: a.enzymes
b.energy
c.atoms
d.ATP
59. Lipids are used for: a.motion and defense
b.information storage
c.energy storage d.enzymes
60. Which of the following is not a type of RNA? A.nRNA B.mRNA
C.rRNA
D.tRNA
61. Each amino acid in a protein is specified by: A.a gene. B.a promoter.
C.an RNA molecule.
D.a codon
62. The three-nucleotide codon system can be arranged into _______ combinations. A.16 B.20
C.64
D.128
63. The process of obtaining a copy of the information in a gene as a strand of RNA is called:
A.polymerase.
B.expression.
C.transcription.
D.translation
64. The process of taking the information on a strand of messenger RNA and building an amino acid chain that will become
all or part of a protein molecule is called:
A.polymerase.
B.expression.
C.transcription.
D.translation.
65. If an mRNA codon reads UAC, its complementary anticodon will be:
A.TUC.
B.ATG.
C.AUG
D.CAG
66. When an mRNA leaves the cell's nucleus, it next becomes associated with:
A.proteins
B.a ribosome
C.tRNA
D.RNA polymerase.
67. Erwin Chargaff, Rosalind Franklin, Francis Crick, and James Watson all worked on pieces of information relating to:
A. the structure of DNA. B.the function of DNA.
C.the inheritance of DNA.
D.the mutations of DNA.
68. Regarding the duplication of DNA, we now know that each double helix:
A.serves as a template to produce an identical double helix next to it.
B.splits down the middle into two single helices, and each one then acts as a template to build its complement.
C.fragments into small chunks that duplicate and reassemble.
D.All of these are true for different types of DNA.
69. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to an existing mRNA.
True False
70. Changes in organisms over a long period of time, including the rise of novel organisms and extinction, is known as:
A.natural selection.
B.microevolution.
C.macroevolution.
D.punctuated equilibrium.
71. One of the major sources of evidence for evolution is in the comparative anatomy of organisms. Features that have a
similar look but different structural origin are called:
A.homologous structures B.analogous structures
C.vestigial structures.
D.equivalent structures.
72. Analogous structures in organisms are the result of:
A.divergence.
B.convergent evolution.
C.stasis.
D.ontogeny.
73. A chance event that causes a population to lose some individuals, and hence a loss of alleles to the population, results in:
A.mutation.
B.migration.
C.selection.
D.genetic drift.
74. A solution with a pH of 5 would be considered: a.neutral
b. basic
c. acidic
d. none of them
75. ___________ allows water molecules to stick together and form droplets.
a. cohesion
b. adhesion
c. surface tension
d. capillary action
76. The Most common elements in life are: a. O, C, H
b. a. O, C, H, N
c. C, H, P
d. O, H, P, He
77. The main function/s of carbohydrates is/are:
a. store genetic informationb. catalysis
c. structure and energy
d. structure
78. Molecules such as glycogen and cellulose that are formed from long chains of individual sugar molecules are called:
a. proteins
b. polysaccharides
c. steroids
d. lipids
79. The unique nucleotide present in the RNA but not in the DNA is: a. A b. T
c. G
d. U
80. Which of the following is not a macromolecule used to build cells? a. crystals b. carbohydrates c. lipids d. proteins
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81. A complex carbohydrate from the following list is _____________.
a. sucrose
b. fructose
c. glucose
d. glycogen
82. Fats are found solid at room temperature depending on the amount of:
a. nitrogens
b. lipids
c. phosphate
d. hydrogenes
83. Hemoglobin and antibodies are samples of: a. lipids
b. protein
c. carbohydrate d. nucleic acids
Match the following molecules with the cellular process or processes in which they are primarily involved.
84. Ribosomes
a. replication
85. DNA polymerase
b. transcription
86. RNA polymerase
c. translation
87. mRNA
88. helicase
89. ligase
90. tRNA
91. codon
92. anticodon
93. Natural selection or “survival of the fittest” means that organisms whose characteristics are best suited to their particular
environment survive much less and have less offspring.
True
False
94. An example of artificial selection is the evolution of domesticated animals (dogs) through selective breeding.True False
95. Based on the information stated in the “Essay on the Principle of Population” by Malthus, human populations increase at
a faster rate than the food resources do.
True
False
96. Lamarck and Darwin explained in the same way why and how the giraffes evolved long necks.
True
False
97. The hereditary material found in all cells is: A.DNA.
B.rRNA.
C.mRNA.
D.tRNA.
E.ATP.
98. Information from X-ray crystallographic data collected by _______ was used by Watson and Crick in their development of
the model of DNA.
A.Chargaff
B.Griffith
C.McClintock
D.Franklin
E.Hershey and Chase
99. The X-ray diffraction photography of Rosalind Franklin was critical evidence:
A.indicating that DNA has a double helix structure. B.showing the bases of DNA were held together by hydrogen bonds.
C.showing equal numbers of purines and pyrimidines.D.revealing the structure of the deoxyribose sugar.
E.of the location of each adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
100. Chargaff's rules of DNA structure states that:
A.A + T = G + C. B.A + G = T + C. C.A = C, T = G. D.A = G, T = C. E.the number of purines in DNA never equals the number of
pyrimidines.
101. If a species contains 23% A in its DNA, what is the percentage of guanine it would contain? A.23 B.46 C.25 D.44 E.27
102. The amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of ____ in DNA.
A.cytosine
B.uracil
C.guanine
D.thymine
E.ATP
103. Which of the following have nitrogenous bases correctly paired in DNA?
A.adenine—guanine; thymine—cytosine
B.adenine—uracil; guanine—cytosine
C.adenine—thymine; guanine—cytosine
D.adenine—adenine; guanine—guanine
E.adenine—cytosine; guanine—thymine
104. A nucleotide contains:
A.DNA and RNA. B.a sugar and a phosphate.
C.complementary purines and pyrimidines.
D.RNA, protein, and lipids.
E.a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base.
105. In the Watson-Crick model of DNA, the "sides" of the ladder are composed of:
A.sugars.
B.bases.
C.hydrogen bonds.
D.sugar-phosphate molecules.
106. Which of the following is NOT true about DNA?
A.has a double helix
B.bases held together by hydrogen bonds C.bases are complementary to each other
D.has a deoxyribose sugar
E.contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
107. Which of the following statements about DNA replication is NOT correct?
A.Unwinding of the DNA molecule occurs as hydrogen bonds break.
B.Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it.
C.The process is semi-conservative replication because one old strand is conserved in the new molecule.
D.The enzyme that catalyzes DNA replication is DNA polymerase.
E.Complementary base pairs are held together with hydrogen bonds.
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108. The enzyme that is used to join complementary DNA nucleotides together is:
A.DNA polymerase.
B.RNA polymerase.
C.helicase.
D.ribozyme.
E.lipase.
109. Because one original strand of the double-stranded helix is found in each daughter cell, the replication process is
called:
A.proofreading. B.semi-conservative.
C.redundant.
D.freeing of DNA. E.mutation positive.
110. Which does NOT describe a function of the DNA polymerase molecule?
A.recognize the free nucleotide that pairs with the base on the old strand of DNA
B.read the strand of old DNA and recognize the base there
C.proofread to ensure that the proper base has been incorporated
D.make the proper nucleotide to match with the base read on the old strand
E.nucleotides are joined by hydrogen bonds
111. In semi-conservative DNA replication, each new double helix formed will have:
A.two new strands and two old strands.
B.one new and one old strand in each helix.
C.three new strands in one helix and three old strands in the second helix.
D.two new and one old strand in one helix and two old and one new strand in second helix.
E.two new strands in one helix and two old strands in the other helix.
112. The _____ enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double-helix structure of DNA during replication.
A.helicase
B.polymerase
C.ligase
D.extendase
E.windase
113. A gene is physically located on the _____ of the cell.
A.DNA
B.messenger RNA
C.enzymes
D.proteins
E.nucleus
114. Which of the following is NOT true about RNA?
A.RNA transfers messages from DNA to ribosomes. B.RNA contains the sugar ribose.
C.RNA contains adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine.
D.RNA is single stranded.
E.RNA forms a helix.
115. The function of transfer RNA is to:
A.carry amino acids to ribosomes.
B.transfer nucleotides to the nucleus.
C.transmit coded information to the cytoplasm.
D.turn DNA on and off.
E.act as the site for protein synthesis.
116. Which of the classes of RNA molecules is linked with proteins in forming the large and small subunits of a cytoplasmic
structure? A.ribosomal RNA
B.transfer RNA C.messenger RNA
D.mRNA
E.ribozymes
117. Prior to protein synthesis, the DNA:
A.attracts tRNAs with appropriate amino acids.
B.serves as a template for the production of mRNA.
C.adheres to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
D.contains anticodons that become codons.
E.must first undergo replication.
118. During the process of transcription, the information in:
A.protein is converted into RNA information.
B.RNA is converted into protein information.
C.RNA is converted into DNA information.
D.DNA is converted into RNA information.
E.DNA is converted into protein information.
119. For translation to take place, which of the following would NOT be required to be present?
A.DNA
B.mRNA
C.tRNAamino acid
D.rRNA
E.ribosome
120. The genetic code consists of ____ bases that stand for one amino acid. A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 E.20
121. Which is the process that synthesizes mRNA?
A.translation
B.transcription
C.transposition D.transformation E.translocation
122. Messenger RNA is produced in the:
A.cytoplasm.
B.ribosomes.
C.nucleus.
D.endoplasmic reticulum.
123. The complementary bases of DNA are located on the outside of the helix, with the sugar-phosphate backbone on the
inside.
True False
124. RNA is a double-stranded molecule.
True False
125. Translation is the first step in the production of a protein from the information in DNA. T F
126. Which evidence for evolution uses impressions of plants and animals into sedimentary rock?
A.fossil record
B.biogeography C.anatomy
D.embryology
E.biochemistry
127. Africa, Asia, South America, and Antarctica share some patterns of primitive (fossil) plants and early reptiles, but do not
have similar mammal populations. This therefore:
A.casts serious doubts upon the theory of continental drift
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B.is an unsolved puzzle probably due to the random nature of biological evolution.
C.suggests that a pattern of land bridges existed at different times in geological history.
D.suggests that earlier plants and reptiles evolved in a primitive unique supercontinent Pangea
E.suggests that mammals evolved in a primitive unique supercontinent Pangea.
128. Homologous structures such as bones in wings, flippers, and arms are most closely concerned with:
A.anatomy.
B.biogeography. C.fossil record. D.embryology.
129. Anatomical features that are fully developed and functional in one group of organisms but reduced and functionless in a
similar group are termed: A.vestigial.
B.homologous. C.analogous.
D.polygenic.
E.sympatric.
130. Birds and insects both have wings but we do not consider evidence of relatedness because:
A.bird wings function on different physics principles of lift.
B.insect wings are vestigial.
C.wings are not homologous
D.did not evolve in the same region or live at the same time period.
131. All living organisms use the same DNA triplet code. This is an example of evolution based on:
A.fossil record. B.biogeography. C.anatomy.
D.embryology. E.biochemistry.
132. A line of evidence NOT considered by Darwin in his theory of natural selection is:
A.anatomy.
B.biogeography. C.fossil record.
D.embryology. E.biochemistry.
133. In comparing the number of differences in amino acids for cytochrome c: between a moth and a
Rattlesnake there are 31 different amino acids in the sequence, between a moth and a dog there are only
25, and there are 6 differences between a dog and a horse. Therefore,
A.this is sufficient evidence to prove the moth is closer related to the dog than to the horse.
B.dogs had to evolve earlier than horses, since moths are more primitive.
C.evolution used to be considered a unifying theory until biochemical data showed only differences.
D.added to anatomical similarities and fossil records, this provides additional evidence for constructing a phylogeny or family tree.
E.biochemical information is not relevant to the evolution of organisms.
134. Which of the following does NOT reflect(s) the likely presence of a gene mutation(s)?
A.Fruit flies subjected to intense radiation breed a wider array of variable offspring.
B.A chemical leaking from the surface of an old abandoned coal mine alters a regulatory gene so that a cricket nymph develops an
extra set of eyes.
C.The bacteria that cause gonorrhea, a common sexually-transmitted disease, have previously been killed by penicillin; however after
continuous usage of the antibiotic, penicillin-resistant strains are now becoming prevalent.
D.Radiation causes an alteration of a DNA nucleotide sequence which is discovered when mapped, but which appears to be neither
increasing nor decreasing in successive generations.
E.Offspring always have the same coloration as the parents.
135. The observation by ________ that human reproductive potential would rapidly outstrip available
food and living space was an important concept adopted by Darwin.
A.Stanley Miller B.Cairns-Smith C.Thomas Malthus
D.Aleksandr Oparin
E.Sidney Fox
136. Which of the following conditions does NOT contribute to evolution?
A.mutations
B.gene flow
C.genetic drift
D.natural selection
E.unchanging environ conditions
137. Lamarck's theory of evolution included the idea that:
A.continual stretching of giraffe's necks to reach leaves led to longer necks.
B.local catastrophes cause mass extinctions of species. C.species are only produced through special creation.
D.species are fixed and unchanging over time.
E.organisms are acted on by the environment.
138. The organisms examined by Darwin on the Galapagos Islands that were most important in his development of the theory
of natural selection were: A.rabbits and hares. B.plants.
C.finches.
D.fish. E.monkeys and armadillos.
139. Which of the following is/are true about natural selection?
A.It acts on genotypes rather than phenotypes.
B.It assures the survival of each fit individual.
C.it favors the survival of young with adaptive characteristics.
D.It always selects for more complex forms.
E.It always selects for forms that are a mutated variation.
140. Which of the following agents of evolutionary change results in adaptation?
A.mutation
B.genetic drift
C.gene flow
D.nonrandom mating
E.natural selection
141.
According to the evolutionary theory, which statement is NOT true?
A.Evolution explains the unity of life.
B.Evolution explains the diversity of life.
C.All living things are NOT descended from a common ancestor.
D.Diversity occurs because various living things are adapted to different ways of life.
E.All living things share the same fundamental characteristics.
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142.
An insect population lives along the edge of a north-south mountain range. The populations from the east and west
slope eventually join in a low northern pass and interbreed, producing fertile offspring; but they do not circle around the
southern edge because of a desert barrier. When glaciers move southward, the populations are pushed south of the northern
pass and are isolated. While isolated, the two populations develop enough differences over time that when the glaciers
retreat north and the insects again share the same pass, they no longer mate at the same time, nor can they produce fertile
offspring. These insects :
A.began as one species and therefore remain one species.
B.were originally two species and remain two species.
C.were originally two species but are now one species.
D.were originally one species but are now two species.
E.The number of species cannot be determined from the information given.
143.
Fossils may be dated by either the relative dating method, which determines the relative order of fossils, or by the
absolute dating method, which uses radioactive isotopes.
True False
144. Gene mutation occurs at any time, without respect to the mutation's adaptive value or benefit to the organism. T F
145. Natural selection occurs when the better adapted members of a population reproduce to a greater degree than the less
well-adapted members.
True False
146. Darwin considered variations in a population to be the raw materials of evolution.
True False
147. Darwin finally described his observations and reasonings in a detailed book On the Origin of Species that is still useful
to scientists today.
True False
148. Natural selection acts mostly on single gene traits.
True False
149. The lower the pH of a solution the: A.more basic
B.more acidic
C.more neutral D.less acidic
E.less basic
150. now relax
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