Zoology
Spring 2014
Animal Characteristics
Animals are ________________, _________________ ___________________
whose cells lack cell walls.
Animals have the following types of tissues:
Epithelial tissues cover _______________ ___________________.
Muscle tissue cells contain proteins that enable them to ___________________,
moving parts of animals’ bodies.
Connective tissues _____________________ an animal’s body and
________________ its parts.
Nervous tissue contains nerve cells, which _______________ ________________
throughout the body.
Invertebrates make up ____________ of all animal species.
Invertebrates do not have a ________________________, or vertebral column.
They include:
The other _____________ of animals are vertebrates.
Vertebrates have a ____________________.
Vertebrates include:
Many body functions help animals maintain __________________________.
Homeostasis is often maintained by internal feedback mechanisms called
_________________ _________.
Most feedback loops involve ________________ ________________, in which the product or result
of a process stops or limits the process.
Feeding
Herbivores eat ____________________.
Carnivores eat _____________________ _________________.
Omnivores feed on both ______________________ and __________________.
Detritivores feed on ____________________ and _____________________.
Filter feeders are aquatic animals that strain tiny floating organisms from water.
Respiration
Whether they live in water or on land, all animals respire –
Circulation
Animals ______________ ________________, nutrient molecules, and waste products
among all their cells through either simple diffusion or some kind of __________________
system
Excretion
___________________________ is a waste product of cells and a poisonous substance.
Most animals have an excretory system that eliminates ammonia quickly or converts it into a
less toxic substance that is removed from the body.
Response
Animals ________________________ to events in their environment using specialized cells,
In most animals, nerve cells form a ________________ _________________.
_________________ cells respond to sound, light, and external stimuli. Other nerve cells
process information and determine how the animal responds.
Movement
Some animals stay at a single spot, but most can move. Most animals have muscles or
muscle-like tissues.
_______________ _______________________ enables motile animals to move around by
working in combination with a support structure called a skeleton.
Muscles also help even sedentary animals feed and pump water and fluids through their
bodies.
Reproduction
Most animals reproduce ________________________. This helps to create and maintain
genetic diversity in populations and improve species’ abilities to evolve when the environment
changes.
Many invertebrates can also reproduce ________________________. This produces offspring
that are ______________ ________________________ to the parent. It allows animals to
increase their numbers rapidly.
Complex animals tend to have:
Cell Specialization and Levels of Organization
Animals have cells that are _________________________ to carry out different functions.
In multicellular organisms, each cell type has a structure and chemical composition that enable
it to perform a _______________________ ____________________.
Groups of specialized cells form _______________________.
Tissues join together to form _______________ and _________________
________________ - all of which work together to carry out a variety of complex functions.