Name _________________________ Date ____ Period ___ #____
Parts of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
CELL THEORY
1. All living things are made of ______Cells______.
2. Cells are the basic unit of _____life_____ & __________ in an organism.
3. All cells come from the reproduction of ______old______ cells.
CELL MEMBRANE MODEL
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
Phospholipids and proteins move back and forth______
or side to side for short distances.
Proteins make a pattern on the surface known as the
fluid mosaic_ model.
NUCLEUS and
NUCLEOLUS
NUCLEUS is:
 Surrounded by nuclear MEMBRANE or the nuclear envelope
 Serves as the control CENTER OF CELL
 Nuclear pores allow molecules in and out
 CONTAINS CELL’S GENETIC MATERIAL (DNA)
 Contains NUCLEOLUS (Dark spot) which makes ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
DNA is scrunched up as __chromatin_________ in DIVIDING CELLS
DNA is spread out as chromosomes in NON-DIVIDING CELLS
CYTOSKELETON
Made of PROTEINS called
_microtubules and microfilaments
FUNCTION: strengthen cell, maintain shape, moves organelles within
the cell
LYSOSOMES
contain enzymes Function: digests old cell parts
VACUOLE
STORAGE SPACE FOR: water and waste
Huge in plant cells, small in animal cells
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CENTRIOLES
Made of PROTEINS called microtubules
Only seen in animal cells during cell division
Function: separate chromosomes during cell division
CILIA & FLAGELLA
Made of PROTEINS called microtubules
organized in a 9-2 arrangement (9 on the outside, 2 on the inside)
that help with movement
CILIA: animals & protists (protozoans)
FUNCTION movement and help w/filtering
FLAGELLA: bacteria & protozoans
FUNCTION movement
RIBOSOMES
Can be free floating in the cytosol or attached to the surface of Rough ER, MADE OF
RNA & protein FUNCTION: construction site for proteins
CELL MEMBRANE or PLASMA MEMBRANE
Made mainly of phosphate and lipids
HYDROPHOBIC “tails” of phospholipids make molecules line up as a
LIPID bilayer with POLAR heads facing out and NON-POLAR tails facing
in
Proteins attached to surface (inside or outside)=marker proteins
Proteins stuck into membrane = transport proteins
(can go part way in or all the way through)
Membranes are selectively permeable (or semipermeable) when they allow certain
molecules to pass through; but keep others out.
MITOCHONDRION (plural: MITOCHONDRIA)
Surrounded by double membrane.
Contains its own DNA.
Called the powerhouse of cell
Burns glucose to release energy.
Stores energy released as ATP.
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GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)
Looks like a stack of flattened pancakes or sacs.
FUNCTION: Modify, sort, and package substances from ER for
export out of cell.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM(ER)
Internal network of tubes of membranes
Rough ER: Attached ribosomes are the place where
proteins are made, which are modified & exported.
ROUGH ER / SMOOTH ER
Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface, while smooth does not.
FUNCTION ROUGH ER: helps make proteins
FUNCTION SMOOTH ER:
helps make enzymes (specialized proteins)
CHLOROPLASTS
Contains CHLOROPHYLL where photosynthesis
happens. Stacks of thylakoids called grana.
FOUND ONLY IN plant CELLS
CELL WALL
Found OUTSIDE the cell membrane.
Provides support and structure
Cellulose in the cell wall makes plant cells sturdy.
PROKARYOTES
Bacteria are the most common prokaryotic cell. They do not have nucleus, but do contain
a single piece of DNA.
Like all cells, bacteria are surrounded by a cell membrane
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