1
GEOLOGY HIGHER
Map Exercises
1
Study Map 1 on Page 2 of the Map Exercises Appendix
(a) (i) On which side of fault F1 have the rocks been moved up?
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(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(b) (i) What type of fault is F2? ................................................................................
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(iii)In which direction and by how many metres have the rocks been displaced
on fault F2?
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(c) (i) What type of structure is formed by surface S? ..............................................
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(iii)Give a reason to explain why mylonite will not be found in the movement
zone of fault F1.
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Map Exercises
1
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(d)
How can you tell that igneous rock K forms a sill and not a lava flow?
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(e)
How many unconformities can be seen on this map? ....................................
(f)
Which two statements are correct?
A
B
C
D
E
F
The gneiss has been metamorphosed by the granite.
Marble may be found adjacent to both the granite and dolerite P.
Pebbles of granite may be found in the conglomerate.
Pebbles of mylonite may be found in the conglomerate.
Part of the granite has been metamorphosed.
Xenoliths of granite may be found in dolerite Q.
Give only the letters: ___ and ___.
(g) (i) Explain why you cannot tell if fault F1 is older or younger than fault F2.
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(ii) Explain why you cannot tell if the felsite is older or younger than the granite.
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Map Exercises
2
(h) On the topographic profile, draw a geological section between points X and Y on the map.
Topographical profile 1
Map Exercises
3
(i)
Place the geological events in the correct order by inserting the correct
letters from the table at the bottom of the page.
Youngest
E
Movement on fault F2
J
Formation of Surface S
G
Folding of rocks
I
Deposition of limestone
H
Erosion of grass
F
Dolerite L affected by regional metamorphism
Oldest
The events in the table below are not in the correct order.
A
B
C
D
K
L
Map Exercises
Dolerite L affected by contact metamorphism
Intrusion of igneous rock K
Intrusion of dolerite L
Intrusion of dolerite P
Intrusion of granite
Deposition of conglomerate
4
2
Study Map 2 on Page 3 of the Map Exercises Appendix
(a) (i) On which side of fault F1 have the rocks been moved down?
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(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(iii) On which side of fault F2 have the rocks been moved down?
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(iv) Give a reason for your answer.
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(v) Explain why movement on fault F1 has not displaced the outcrop of igneous
rock K.
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(b) What type of relationship exists between the granite and the conglomerate
with granite boulders?
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(c)
How is tuff formed?
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Map Exercises
5
(d)
Which two statements are correct?
A
B
C
D
E
F
Pebbles of gabbro may be found in the conglomerate in the southeast
corner of the map.
The granite outcrops lie in the cores of domes.
The basalt forms both intrusive and extrusive features.
Pebbles of dolerite may be found in the conglomerate in the southeast
corner of the map.
Igneous rock K lies on top of the gabbro but underneath the felsite.
The angles of dip tell you that the synclines have asymmetrical
shapes.
Give only the letters: ___ and ___.
Map Exercises
6
(e)
On the topographic profile, draw a geological section between points X and
Y on the map.
Topographical profile 2
Map Exercises
7
(f)
Place the geological events in the correct order by inserting the correct
letters from the table at the bottom of the page.
Youngest
D
Intrusion of felsite
I
Intrusion of dolerite
C
Erosion of mudstone
F
Intrusion of igneous rock K
B
Movement of fault F2
A
Deposition of mudstone
Oldest
The events in the table below are not in the correct order.
E
G
H
J
K
L
Map Exercises
Intrusion of gabbro
Intrusion of granite
Folding of rocks
Eruption of volcano
Movement on fault F1
Deposition of conglomerate
8
3 Study Map 3 on Page 4 of the Map Exercises Appendix
(a) (i) On which side of fault F1 have the rocks been moved down?
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(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(b) (i) What type of fault is fault F2? ........................................................................
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(iii) In what direction and by how many metres have the rocks been moved on
fault F2?
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(c) How many unconformities are shown on the map? ...........................................
(d) (i) What form of fold is shown by conglomerate P?
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(ii) In which directions and at what angles does this fold plunge?
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(e) How can you tell that igneous rock L forms a sill and not a lava flow?
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Map Exercises
9
(f)
What type of rock would you expect to find in the movement zone of fault
F1?
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(g)
Which two statements are correct?
A
B
C
D
E
F
The sandstone has been metamorphosed on three separate
occasions.
It is possible that conglomerate P contains pebbles of igneous rock L.
The shape of the outcrop of conglomerate Q tells you that it has been
folded into the form of an anticline.
Igneous rock K may be cut by both faults F1 and F2.
It is possible that conglomerate Q contains pebbles which were once
in conglomerate P.
On the map there will be no areas of hornfels.
Give only the letters: ___ and ___.
Map Exercises
10
(h)
On the topographic profile, draw a geological section between points X and
Y on the map.
Topographical profile 3
Map Exercises
11
(i) Place the geological events in the correct order by inserting the correct letters
from the table at the bottom of the page.
Youngest
G
Intrusion of rock L
H
Deposition of conglomerate Q
L
Intrusion of igneous rock K
E
Folding of conglomerate P
J
Intrusion of felsite
C
Eruption of basalt lava
Oldest
The events in the table below are not in the correct order.
A
B
D
F
I
K
Map Exercises
Movement on fault F2
Movement on fault F1
Deposition of mudstone
Deposition of conglomerate P
Folding of limestone
Intrusion of dolerite
12
4
Study Map 4 on Page 5 of the Map Exercises Appendix
(a) (i) On which side of fault F2 have the rocks been moved up?
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(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(b) (i) From the map, how can you tell that fault F1 is not vertical?
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(ii) Fault F1 dips to the west at 45°. What type of fault is F1? .............................
(iii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(c) From a study of the dolerite dyke how can you tell that the volcano has
erupted more than once?
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Map Exercises
13
(d)
Which two statements are correct?
A
B
C
D
E
F
The fold plunges towards the north at an angle of 20°.
The youngest sedimentary rock is sandstone.
The broken volcanic rock lies in a vertical structure called a plug.
The sedimentary rocks lie in a basin-shaped syncline.
The surface between the conglomerate and gneiss is a thrust fault.
The fold shown on the map is a dome.
Give only the letters: ___ and ___.
Map Exercises
14
(e)
On the topographic profile, draw a geological section between points X and
Y on the map.
Topographical profile 4
Map Exercises
15
(f) Place the geological events in the correct order by inserting the correct
letters from the table at the bottom of the page.
Youngest
B
Intrusion of dyke K
E
Intrusion of dolerite
F
Eruption of lava P
C
Movement of fault F2
D
Folding of rocks
I
Intrusion of dyke M
Oldest
The events in the table below are not in the correct order.
A
G
H
J
K
L
Map Exercises
Final eruption of volcanic ash
Movement on fault F1
Formation of gneiss
Deposition of conglomerate
Intrusion of dyke L
Eruption of lava Q
16
5 Study Map 5 on Page 6 of the Map Exercises Appendix
(a)(i) On which side of fault F1 have the rocks been moved down?
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(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(b) (i) What type of fault is F3? ................................................................................
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(iii) In what direction and by how many metres has the diorite dyke been
displaced by movement on fault F3?
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(iv) What evidence suggests that fault F3 has moved more than once?
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Map Exercises
17
(c)
Which two statements are correct?
A
B
C
D
E
F
The arkose lies in the core of a plunging anticline.
The conglomerate lies in the metamorphic aureole of the granite.
The granite forms an intrusion called a ring dyke.
Marble will be found only in the metamorphic aureole of the granite
Cross-cutting relationships tell you that the diorite and fault F2 were
formed at the same time.
The granite lies in an intrusion called a stock.
Give only the letters: ___ and ___.
Map Exercises
18
(d)
On the topographic profile, draw a geological section between points X and Y
on the map.
Topographical profile 5
Map Exercises
19
(e)
Place the geological events in the correct order by inserting the correct
letters from the table at the bottom of the page.
Youngest
L
Deposition of conglomerate
K
Intrusion of granite
A
Intrusion of dolerite
G
Intrusion of diorite
D
Movement on fault F1
J
Deposition of sandstone
Oldest
The events in the table below are not in the correct order.
B
C
E
F
H
I
Map Exercises
Intrusion of felsite
Deposition of arkose
First movement on fault F3
Second movement on fault F3
Period of erosion
Folding of rocks
20
6 Study Map 6 on Page 7 of the Map Exercises Appendix
(a) (i) What type of intrusion is formed by igneous rock R? ......................................
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(b) (i) On which side of fault F3 have the rocks been moved down? .......................
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(iii) How can you tell that the intrusion formed by dolerite L is not vertical?
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(c) (i) What type of fault is F4? ................................................................................
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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Map Exercises
21
(d)
Which two statements are correct?
A
B
C
D
E
F
The gneiss has been formed from two rock types.
Igneous rocks may be altered to become metamorphic rocks.
The felsite dyke and fault F4 are known to be the same age because
they both cut conglomerate T.
The felsite may contain xenoliths of four or more different rock types.
Granite Q lies on top of conglomerate S.
Fault F4 will not cut dolerite L.
Give only the letters: ___ and ___.
Map Exercises
22
(e)
On the topographic profile, draw a geological section between points X and
Y on the map.
Map Exercises
23
(f)
Place the geological events in the correct order by inserting the correct
letters from the table at the bottom of the page.
Youngest
C
Movement on fault F4
L
Intrusion of granite Q
B
Intrusion of dolerite L
K
Deposition of conglomerate S
I
Intrusion of igneous rock R
D
Intrusion of granite P
Oldest
The events in the table below are not in the correct order.
A
E
F
G
H
J
Map Exercises
Regional metamorphism
Movement on fault F2
Intrusion of dolerite K
Deposition of conglomerate T
Movement on fault F1
Movement on fault F3
24
7 Study Map 7 on Page 8 of the Map Exercises Appendix
(a) (i) How many unconformities are shown on the map? .......................................
(ii) How many anticlines are shown on the map? ................................................
(iii)How many synclines are shown on the map? ................................................
(b) Give one reason to explain why the dykes and foliation in the gneiss west of
thrust fault T1 run in a different direction to those east of thrust fault T2.
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(c)
Which two statements are correct?
A
B
C
D
E
F
The pebbles found in conglomerate P will be the same as those found
in conglomerate Q.
The map shows an anticline which plunges to the south at 15°.
Conglomerate Q lies in a fold called a basin.
The mineralogy of dolerites K and L will be different.
You would expect to find mylonite in the movement zones of the thrust
faults.
You would expect to find xenoliths of mylonite in the dykes to the west
of the outcrop of thrust fault T1.
Give only the letters: ___ and ___.
Map Exercises
25
(d)
On the topographic profile, draw a geological section between points X and
Y on the map.
Topographical profile 7
Map Exercises
26
(e)
Place the geological events in the correct order by inserting the correct
letters from the table at the bottom of the page.
Youngest
I
Eruption of lava
G
Movement on thrust fault T1
D
Movement on thrust fault T2
A
Deposition of sandstone
K
Intrusion of dolerite K
L
Regional metamorphism
Oldest
The events in the table below are not in the correct order.
B
C
E
F
H
J
Map Exercises
Intrusion of felsite
Formation of unconformity
Intrusion of dolerite L
Deposition of conglomerate P
Intrusion of diorite
Folding of rocks
27
8 Study Map 8 on Page 9 of the Map Exercises Appendix
(a) (i) What type of fault is F1? .................................................................................
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(iii) How can you tell that fault F1 is vertical?
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(b)(i) On which side of fault F2 have the rocks been moved down? ........................
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(c) (i) What name is given to the blocks of gneiss in the granite?
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(ii) How have the blocks of gneiss come to be in the granite?
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Map Exercises
28
(d)
How can you tell that the galena has not been derived from the granite?
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(e) (i) Name the predominant type of metamorphic rock close to the granite.
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(ii) Give one reason to explain why the zone of metamorphism extends further
into the limestone than into the mudstone.
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(f)
Which two statements are correct?
A
B
C
D
E
F
The rocks have been moved down on the east side of fault F3.
The veins of haematite have been formed in faults.
Gneiss lies at an unknown level beneath the mudstone and limestone.
Limestone has been metamorphosed on only one occasion.
The pegmatite has been formed by melting of rocks in the zone of
metamorphism.
The conglomerate forms a structure called a nappe.
Give only the letters: ___ and ___.
Map Exercises
29
(g)
On the topographic profile, draw a geological section between points X and
Y on the map.
Topographical profile 8
Map Exercises
30
(h)
Place the geological events in the correct order by inserting the correct
letters from the table at the bottom of the page.
Youngest
A
Deposition of river gravel
C
Deposition of conglomerate
I
Intrusion of granite
H
Intrusion of dolerite
E
Movement on fault F3
G
Movement on fault F2
Oldest
The events in the table below are not in the correct order.
B
D
F
J
K
L
Map Exercises
Folding of rocks
Intrusion of pegmatite
Movement on fault F1
Blocks of gneiss picked up by granite magma
Formation of vein of galena
Formation of veins of haematite
31
9
Study Map 9 on Page 10 of the Map Exercises Appendix
(a)(i) What type of surface is surface S? .................................................................
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(b)
How many unconformities are shown on the map? .......................................
(c)(i) What type of intrusion is P? ............................................................................
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(d)(i) What type of fault is F4? .................................................................................
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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(e)(i) On which side of fault F3 have the rocks been moved down?
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(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
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Map Exercises
32
(f)
Which two statements are correct?
A
B
C
D
E
F
All of the gneiss lies in the core of a faulted anticline.
Sandstone is the youngest sedimentary rock.
Igneous rock P has been folded into the form of a basin.
The rocks were folded after the deposition of conglomerate K and
before the formation of surface S.
Fault F2 is a tear fault and fault F3 is a normal fault.
You would expect to find mylonite in the movement zone of fault F3.
Give only the letters: ___ and ___.
Map Exercises
33
(g)
On the topographic profile, draw and geological section between points X and
Y on the map.
Topographical profile 9
Map Exercises
34
(h)
Place the geological events in the correct order by inserting the correct letters
from the table at the bottom of the page.
Youngest
F
Intrusion of granite
A
Movement on fault F1
E
Movement on fault F4
B
Movement on fault F2
L
Deposition of conglomerate K
K
Intrusion of dolerite
Oldest
The events in the table below are not in the correct order.
C
D
G
H
I
J
Map Exercises
Movement on fault F3
Formation of gneiss
Formation of surface S
Intrusion of felsite
Deposition of conglomerate L
Formation of intrusion Q
35
10
Study Map 10 on Page 11 of the Map Exercises Appendix
(a) (i) On which side of fault F1 have the rocks been moved down?
.......................................................................................................................
(ii) Give a reason for you answer.
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(iii) How can you tell that there has been sideways as well as vertical
movement on fault F1?
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(iv) In which direction and by how many metres have the rocks been moved on
fault F3?
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(b)
The shale is older than the greywacke. Explain how the outcrop pattern
northwest of fault F1 has been produced.
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(c)
From the map, how can you tell that the dolerite forms a sill and not a lava
flow?
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Map Exercises
36
(c) Where on the map is there a structure which may be described as a rift valley?
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(e)
Which two statements are correct?
A
B
C
D
E
F
Conglomerate K has been metamorphosed on four occasions.
The map would be expected to have a small area of hornfels.
Fault F3 ceases to exist where it meets the lava.
The map shows four unconformities.
The limestone is the oldest sedimentary rock in the area between
faults F1 and F2.
There are places where igneous rocks have been metamorphosed.
Give only the letters: ___ and ___.
Map Exercises
37
(f)
On the topographic profile, draw a geological section between points X and Y
on the map.
Topographical profile 10
Map Exercises
38
(g)
Place the geological events in the correct order by inserting the correct letters
from the table at the bottom of the page.
Youngest
H
Deposition of conglomerate L
B
Movement on fault F3
J
Intrusion of granite S
D
Intrusion of granite T
A
Intrusion of dolerite
E
Intrusion of diorite
Oldest
The events in the table below are not in the correct order.
C
F
G
I
K
L
Map Exercises
Movement of fault F2
Intrusion of felsite
Deposition of conglomerate K
Extrusion of lava
Deposition of greywacke
Movement on fault F1
39