“SAPHIR”
– AGENDA SCIENTIFIC SEMINAR –
WITH LECTURE ABSTRACTS
PROPRIETARY RIGHTS STATEMENT
This document contains information, which is proprietary to the SAPHIR Consortium. Neither this document nor
the information contained herein shall be used, duplicated or communicated by any means to any third party, in
whole or in parts, except with prior written consent of the SAPHIR consortium.
Document Name: Agenda SAPHIR scientific seminar
Revision: Version 3
Date: 17/02/2016
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Se
First Day, March the 7th
Time
Duration Description
1st LECTURE SESSION: Research objectives
14h00
Chairwoman: Y. R. de Miguel
10 min Welcome and agenda
1) Synthesis of nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis
A.Coupé, F. Ténégal, CEA
14h10
40 min 2) Electrophoretically Infiltration of 2D Woven Carbon Fabrics with Carbide
Nanopowders
A.Coupé, J. Canel, CEA
14h50
30 min
15h20
30 min
Overview of CILAS expertise in the field of optical characterization
J.P. Dufour, CILAS
Metal matrix composites for automotive
N. Karnatak, O. Martin, MECACHROME
15h50
COFFEE
Novel Concept for Lighting and Signaling on Vehicles
16h20
30 min
16h50
30 min
17h20
30 min
18h00
60 min CLUSTER 2 : TECHNICAL MEETING
A. Pipino and S. Sinesi, CRP
Interest and competencies of EADS in the field of nanomaterials
S. Gourdet, EADS
Advances in materials for PEM fuel cell applications
F. Mahlendorf, T. Derieth, P. Beckhaus, ZBT
Document Name: Agenda SAPHIR scientific seminar
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Leader: J.P. Dufour, CILAS
Date: 17/02/2016
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Second Day, March the 8th
Time
Duration
Description
2nd LECTURE SESSION: Production of nanoparticles
Chairman: J.P. Dufour
1) In situ generation of single walled carbon nanotube based semi
finished products
O. Zimmer, IWS
8h00
40 min
2) Spectroscopic Monitoring of nanoparticle formation processes
H. Beese, IWS
8h40
30 min
9h10
30 min
9h40
30 min
Industrial Scale Synthesis and Treatment of Advanced Powders by
Inductively-Coupled Plasma
R. Dolbec and M. Boulos, TEKNA
Combinatorial Inorganic Chemistry Applied to Thermal Plasma
Materials Synthesis.
F. Gitzhofer, J. Jurewicz, P. Lessard, and D. Gravelle, UNISHER
On-line particle size measurement by various techniques
K.Tousimi, APTL
COFFEE
10h10
11h00
60 min
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING
12h30
LUNCH
3rd LECTURE SESSION: Processing
14h00
40 min
14h40
30 min
15h10
30 min
Chairman: L.M.Berger
1) Colloidal processing and self-assembly of advanced materials:
interparticle forces and structural control
L. Bergström, SU
2) Microstructural Prototyping through Spark Plasma Sintering
Z. Shen, SU
Spray Drying of Nano Particles
M.Wahlberg, S.K. Andersen and J.S.Lindeloev, NIRO
Freeze Granulation and Hot Isostatic Pressing
N. Adkins, CERAM
COFFEE
15h40
16h30
90 min
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
19h00
WORKSHOP OFFICIAL DINNER
Third Day, March the 9th
Document Name: Agenda SAPHIR scientific seminar
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Date: 17/02/2016
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Time
Item
Description
=> 8 am
BREAKFAST
4th LECTURE SESSION:
8h00
20 min
8h20
30 min
8h50
30 min
Materials Behavior in Thermal Spray and Laser Cladding
L.-M. Berger, IWS
Sol-Gel Processes and Self- Cleaning Coatings
Y. R. de Miguel* and I. Villaluenga, LABEIN
Risk assessment and risk management processes applied to
nanotechnologies.
M. Merad, C. Bolvin and J-M. Brignon, INERIS
COFFEE
9h20
10h00
30 min
10h30
30 min
11h00
60 min
12h30
Chairman: A. Pipino
Characterisation of nanoparticles and nanostructures
D. Suvorov, S.D. Škapin and B. Jančar, IJS
Mechanical Spectroscopy of Ceramics and Composites.
R. Schaller and D. Mari, EPFL
CLUSTER 3: TECHNICAL MEETING Leader: L.M. Berger, IWS
LUNCH
End of the meeting
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LECTURE ABSTRACTS
Synthesis of nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis
A.Coupé, F. Ténégal, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique LTMEx, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-SurYvette, FRANCE
Laser pyrolysis is a very suitable gas-phase process for the synthesis of a wide range of nanoparticles
at laboratory scale. The principle of the method is based on the decomposition of gaseous and/or
liquid reactants by a high power CO2 laser followed by a quenching effect. The nanoparticles
synthesized by laser pyrolysis present the following characteristics: high purity, spherical grains and
quite narrow size distribution. Moreover, it is possible to change the mean grain size, the chemical
composition and the structure of the nanoparticles by changing process parameters such as the
composition and flow rate of the reactive mixture and the laser power density at the intersection with
the reactants. For example it is possible to produce silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles having a
specific surface area in the range 20 - 200 m2/g. The literature reports the possibility to produce
several carbides, nitrides, oxides, metals and composites nanoparticles by this process. In the
framework of Saphir, CEA will work at the synthesis of carbide nanoparticles.
Electrophoretically Infiltration of 2D Woven Carbon Fabrics with Carbide
Nanopowders
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A.Coupé, J. Canel, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique LTMEx , CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-SurYvette, FRANCE
Electrophoretic infiltration (EPI) is a simple, versatile and economical method currently under
development at CEA for the fabrication of fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites. It is based on
two processes: the motion of charged particles in a suspension under the influence of an electric field
(electrophoresis) and the infiltration of these particles to a dense mass within a preform (infiltration).
The quality of the sintered composites depends on the infiltration efficiency and of the green density,
which in turn depend on the size an dispersion state of the powders. In the framework of Saphir,
CEA will work on the infiltration of 2D woven carbon and/or SiC fabrics with SiC and others
carbides nanopowders, mostly produced by laser pyrolysis in our lab.
Metal matrix composites for automotive
N. Karnatak, O. Martin, Mecachrome, France
Mecachrome has a strong historical & technological know-how of engine parts design and
manufacturing. More recently Mecachrome has developed an important know-how of advanced
materials elaboration, especially in powder metallurgy. In a first part, we will present the global R&D
and industrial strategy of Mecachrome and the interest on controlling both materials and
manufacturing aspects. In a second part, this strategy will be illustrated by the development of a
MMC, TiC-reinforced steel composite, for racing application.
Novel Concept for Lighting and Signaling on Vehicles
A. Pipino and S. Sinesi, CRP – Centro Ricerche Plast-optica Spa, I-33020 Amaro, Italy
Today, in the automotive field, front lighting and tail signalling lamps have a strategic impact in car
design as well as they represent a fundamental attraction and fashion element in costumer choice. At
the same time they are considered as a crucial field in automotive safety issues. LED (lighting
emitting diodes) introduction is dramatically changing the concept and design of the automotive
lighting devices.
Interest and competencies of EADS in the field of nanomaterials
S. Gourdet, EADS Innovation Works - 12 rue Pasteur – BP 76 – 92152 Suresnes – France
EADS IW is mainly involved in SAPHIR as an end user. The links between the Research Centre and
the EADS BU’s (Airbus, Eurocopter, Astrium, …) will be presented and the main nano-materials of
interest for EADS applications will be described. The relevant competencies of the Research Centre
for SAPHIR will then be presented: definition of material specifications, selection of the most
promising material/processing routes, material evaluation.
Advances in materials for PEM fuel cell applications
Document Name: Agenda SAPHIR scientific seminar
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Date: 17/02/2016
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F. Mahlendorf, T. Derieth, P. Beckhaus, Zentrum für Brennstoffzellen Technik gGmbH, Carl-BenzStraße 201, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
After a general indroduction to PEM fuel cells, the lecture will focus on bipolar plates development.
ZBT has identified a number of carbon-polymer compounds that can be processed by compression
and injection moulding. Standard composite mixtures consist of a thermoplast and a carbon
compound mixture with additional additives to increase the conductivity of the compound material.
The potential positive effects of adding carbon nanotubes to the compound material will be discussed.
In situ generation of single walled carbon nanotube based semi finished products
O. Zimmer, Fraunhofer Institut for Materials and Beam Technology, D-01277 Dresden, Germany
A conception and the realization of the in-situ production of single walled carbon-nanotube
(SWCNT) based semi finished products is introuced and discussed. This technology inludes the
SWCNT- formation by carbon evaporation (by laser or arc dishcarge) in an elongated reactor with
various reaction zones. The formation takes place in a continuous gas flow. In aditional reaction
zones a gas phase reaction for SWCNT-elongation is stimulated, followed by steps for gas phase
cleaning, plasma functionalization and forming of semi finished products (for example bucky papers)
Spectroscopic Monitoring of nanoparticle formation processes
H. Beese, Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology, D-01277 Dresden, Germany
The concept of monitoring of particle formation processes by spectroscopic methods will be shown.
The potential of gas phase analysis of chemical vapor synthesis routes (e.g. laser pyrolysis) and the
direct in-situ detection of single-wall-nanotubes (SWNT) will discussed. Beside the classical IRsensors (FTIR and NIR) the novel laser diode spectroscopy for highest sensitive detection of trace
gases in process atmospheres will be present.
Industrial Scale Synthesis and Treatment of Advanced Powders by InductivelyCoupled Plasma
R. Dolbec and M. Boulos, Tekna Plasma Systems Inc., 2935, boul. Industriel, Sherbrooke (QC), J1L
2T9 Canada
The increasing demand for advanced materials in powder form presenting very specific properties (in
terms of mean particle size, particle size distribution, purity, density, composition, surface
morphology, etc.) calls for the development of new technologies enabling their production at the
industrial scale. In particular, growing interest for nanopowders (particles size below 100nm) requires
processing equipments especially designed not only for producing but also for handling these ultrafine constituents. Among emerging technologies, inductively-coupled plasmas (or ICP’s) represent
one of the most promising avenues capable of producing relatively large volumes of these new
materials commonly developed initially at laboratory scale. The ICP technology will be briefly
described, while highlighting specific characteristics that make this technology particularly attractive
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for both powder synthesis and powder treatment processes. Emphasis will be devoted to the
spheroidization of various types of powder (such as tungsten carbide, alumina and molybdenum) and
to the synthesis of nanopowders (aluminum and nickel).
Combinatorial Inorganic Chemistry Applied to Thermal Plasma Materials
Synthesis.
François Gitzhofer, ing., Jerzy Jurewicz, ing., Patrick Lessard, ing. and Denis Gravelle, ing.,
Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche en Énergie, Plasma et Électrochimie (CREPE),
Chemical Engineering Department, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K2R1, Canada
(www.usherbrooke.ca/CREPE)
The background of this research will be presented. Many scientific and technological skills (most of
them being proprietary) had to be mastered in order to be able to develop the concept of
combinatorial inorganic chemistry. The concept and the design criteria will then be explained. The
resulting system will be described with its present operation limits. Different tests have been done
and compared to the standard approach. An original application of this chamber to spectroscopic and
in-flight particles diagnostics will also be presented. Potential applications of the Inorganic
Combinatorial Chemistry to SAPHIR will also be discussed.
On-line particle size measurement by various techniques
K.Tousimi, Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory (APTL) / CPERI / CERTH, Thessaloniki,
Greece
The presentation deals with the description and specifications of various particle measurement
techniques, which are available in APTL and will be used for the evaluation of on-line size
monitoring of nanoparticles synthesized in the laser spray pyrolysis unit of CEA in the frame of
cluster 2.6 ‘Process monitoring”.
Colloidal processing and self-assembly of advanced materials: interparticle forces
and structural control
Lennart Bergström, Dept. of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory,
Stockholm University
Many different approaches are being taken in the continuing effort of developing novel and improved
methods for materials handling and manufacturing using powders. Important features in this work are
versatility and high flexibility; it should be possible to exert a precise control of important suspension
parameters like colloidal stability (degree of flocculation), rheology, phase separation, and
suspension microstructure and permeability. The details of many of these complex systems are
starting to be unravelled with an improved knowledge of the fundamental forces and physical
parameters acting in these systems, e.g. interparticle forces, dispersant interactions, solvent effects.
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Much effort is devoted to the development of systems with better suspension control using different
additives, with a special interest in polymers.
The structure formation during drying and self-assembly of dispersions is controlled by the particle
interactions (attractive or repulsive) and the dynamic features of the colloidal system. Examples on
the effect of salt and evaporation rate on the structural features of colloidal films and the dynamics of
the structure formation will be discussed. Recent results on the features of nanoparticle systems
where the long-range structure can be controlled by application of external fields will also be
presented.
Microstructural Prototyping through Spark Plasma Sintering
Zhijian Shen, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE–
106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
The kinetic issues involved in sintering will be described and discussed with respect to their potential
for prototyping microstructures that yield desired properties. By exploiting and mastering the
difference present in the kinetics of grain sliding, densification, chemical reactions, and grain growth,
respectively, we have established the processing principles for producing bulk ceramics with
microstructures consisting of nano-sized grains, aligned grains, and/or non-equilibrium-phase
constitutions, and for achieving radically improved superplasticity in brittle ceramics.
Spray Drying of Nano Particles
M.Wahlberg, S.K. Andersen and J.S.Lindeloev, Niro A/S, Gladsaxevej 305, DK-2860 Soeborg,
Denmark
The lecture will, after a short introduction to spray drying, show how spray drying can be used for the
production of granulates/agglomerates based on nano size primary particles. The
granules/agglomerates can be produced with well defined characteristics suitable for further
processing, e.g. hard metal for high pressure sintering.
Freeze Granulation and Hot Isostatic Pressing
Nicholas Adkins, Ceram Research Ltd., Queens Road, Penkhull, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7LQ, UK
This lecture will give a general introduction to freeze granulation and to hot isostatic pressing (HIP)
processing and provide some details of the techniques available at Ceram for the characterisation of
nanosuspensions. Techniques will include rheology (controlled stress) as a function of nanoparticulate loading, zeta potential and AcoustoSizer nano particle size measurements (to check the
level of agglomeration after liquid capture).
Freeze granulation has been shown to produce granules with improved flowability, increased bulk
density, reduced dust, with a high amount of open porosity increasing wetting behaviour and
allowing complete re-dispersibility. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) processing minimises the
temperature required for consolidation reducing the deleterious effects associated with grain growth.
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Dielectric Sintering of Ceramics
Ruth Wroe, C-Tech Innovation Limited, Capenhurst Technology Park, Capenhurst,
Chester CH1 6EH
The use of dielectric radiation in powder metallurgy will be reviewed, focussing on the effect it may
have on the powder densification (sintering) mechanism, and subsequent physical property
development (grain size, fracture toughness, hardness). Yttria stabilised zirconia will be discussed as
the prime example. Extension to the sintering of nanoparticles will be addressed, where the focus
will be on potential mechanisms for minimising grain growth.
Materials Behavior in Thermal Spray and Laser Cladding
L.-M. Berger, Fraunhofer Institut for Materials and Beam Technology, D-01277 Dresden, Germany
After a general introduction to thermal spray and laser cladding processes, the lecture will discuss
how nanostructured composites can be obtained by these processes. This includes a wide range of
materials – hardmetals, ceramics, metals and alloys. Discussion will be focussed on the use of
nanostructured starting materials and generation of nanostructured deposits from starting micrometer
grain sized materials.
Sol-Gel Processes and Self- Cleaning Coatings
Y. R. de Miguel* and I. Villaluenga, Centre for Nanomaterials Applications in Construction
(NANOC), LABEIN-Tecnalia, Edificio 700, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain
In the first part, a general overview of Sol-Gel Processes will be given. Particularly this part of the
lecture will show how the Sol-Gel method can be used for the preparation of thin films.
In the second part, the photocatalytic activity of nanotitania will be discussed, focusing on the topic
of self-cleaning coatings for steel.
Risk assessment and risk management processes applied to nanotechnologies.
M. Merad, C. Bolvin and J-M. Brignon, INERS, Direction des Risques Accidentels, BP 2 - F60550
Verneuil - en - Halatte (France)
After a general introduction to an introduction to the risk analysis and risk management process, the
presentation will show how theses approaches can be used for a safe production using nanoparticules.
Characterisation of nanoparticles and nanostructures
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D. Suvorov, S.D. Škapin and B. Jančar, Institute Jožef Stefan, Advanced Materials Department,
Jamova 39, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
After a short introduction to activities of the Advanced Materials Department of Jozef Stefan Institute
and insight to microscopical and nanohardness-measurement capabilities will be given. The
presentation will mostly deal with the modern microscopical techniques that can be implemented
with up to date instruments such as FEG-SEM and FEG-TEM. Examples of employment of different
imaging methods such as HRTEM and STEM combined with nanoscale analyses such as EELS and
EDS in the study of nanoparticles and other low-dimensional nanostructures will be described.
Mechanical Spectroscopy of Ceramics and Composites.
R. Schaller and D. Mari, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut de Physique de la
Matière Complexe, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
After a general introduction to mechanical spectroscopy, the lecture will show how the technique can
be used for studying the high temperature mechanical behavior of fine-grained ceramics and of
cermets, the interface thermal stress relaxation in metal matrix composites and the glass transition in
polymers. Modifications of the mechanical loss spectra by addition of nano-sized particles or fibers
will be discussed.
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