CPE Semester 2 Review 2012-2013
Format & materials:
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~140 questions, all multiple choice on Scantron
You will need a pencil and eraser
You will be given a periodic table with polyatomic ions
Any equations you may need (density, solubility) will be given to you.
Bring something to do afterward.
The test is constructed in order with each unit labeled. That is, the questions are not all mixed up.
The number of questions for each unit is proportional to the time spent on the unit. Units that went by
pretty quickly don’t have a whole lot of questions, compared to longer units.
How to prepare:
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You will be given all of the formulas on a separate sheet but you need to know what the symbols stand
for.
Use this packet to determine what to review. Go through this sheet and fill in definitions/answers.
Study this material.
Review your notes, quizzes, pre-tests, and labs from each chapter. You should be preparing for this
test just as you did for each individual chapter test.
The pre-test answer keys are available on SchoolPointe.
Look back at your test reflections. What did you have trouble with? Be sure to review those things. The
test reflection also has ideas for what you should be doing to review at the top of the page. Try some
of those things.
If you’d like to come in and look at your old tests again you can set up a time with me before or after
school.
Do a little at a time. Don’t wait until the night before the exam and try to relearn it all.
I’ve planned one day in class for us to review together. This will be a question/answer session like we
normally do before tests. You should study before this day so that you can have a prepared set of
questions to ask me.
Ch 20.2 & 20.3: Origins of the Universe
Terms:
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Hypothesis
Scientific Law
Red shift
CBMR (cosmic background microwave radiation)
Dark matter
Light year
Singularity
Hubble
Hoyle
Galaxy
Elliptical galaxy
Cluster
Scientific Theory
Universe
Blue shift
Doppler Effect
Supernova
Big Bang
Lemaitre
Einstein
Penzias & Wilson
Spiral galaxy
Irregular galaxy
Things you should be able to do:
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B.
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D.
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F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
U.
I can recognize and describe the similarities and difference between Theory, Law, and Hypothesis
I can define what a galaxy is
I can differentiate between elliptical, spiral, and irregular galaxies
I can explain what constitutes good scientific theory and evaluate Big Bang Theory accordingly
I can describe the Big Bang as the creation and expansion (rather than an explosion) of space, time,
matter and energy
I can identify the originator of Big Bang Theory
I can identify the individual whose theories lead to the demise of the idea that the universe is “static”
and unchanging
I can describe cosmic background radiation is and relate it to events as described by Big Bang Theory
I can identify when/who discovered CBR
I can relate the findings from the WMAP project about CBR to the evolution of the universe
I can describe the concept of an expanding universe and relate it to Big Bang Theory
I can identify when/who discovered evidence of the universe expanding
I can explain the evidence leading to a conclusion that the universe is expanding (explain Red
Shift/Blue Shift/Doppler effect of light in terms of perceived frequency and wavelength)
I can trace the major events that occurred in the evolution of the universe according to Big Bang
Theory (know what the theory describes)
I can identify/describe 3 possible outcomes for the fate (end) of the universe based upon the balance
between mass and gravity
I can identify the characteristic property of matter that will ultimately determine the fate of the
universe
I can describe where the light matter (hydrogen and helium) come from according to BBT
I can describe where heavier elements up to iron come from according to BBT
I can describe where elements heavier than iron come from according to BBT
I can describe the age of the universe according to BBT
Describe the nature of dark matter and its relevance to the evolution of the universe
Things to ask Mrs. Nenadal about:
Ch 2, 3.1: Properties of Matter
Terms:
- Matter
- Element
- Atom
- Compound
- Molecule
- Pure Substance
- Mixture
- Density
- Physical Change
- Chemical Change
- Homogeneous
- Heterogeneous
- Suspension
- Endothermic
- Alloy
- Physical property
- Kinetic Theory
- Solution
- Gas
- Solid
- Liquid
- Plasma
- Evaporation
- Condensation
- Sublimation
- Melting
- Boiling
- Freezing (solidification)
- Exothermic
- Flammability
- Reactivity
- Chemical property
Equations you should know:
Density = Mass / Volume
Things you should be able to do:
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Define/discuss the terms listed above
Classify mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous
Classify properties of matter as either physical or chemical
Classify changes in matter as either physical or chemical
Classify substances as pure substances or mixtures
Understand how matter is organized (the matter tree)
Summarize the main points of the kinetic theory of matter
Solve problems relating to density
Interpret and analyze change of phase information presented in a graph
Discuss what happens at the particle level as a substance absorbs/loses heat energy and undergoes
changes of phase (relate to kinetic theory)
Things to ask Mrs. Nenadal about:
Ch 7: Solubility and Concentration
Terms:
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Solubility
Insoluble
Solute
Saturated
Unsaturated
Dilute
Polar
Hydrogen bonding
Soluble
Solution
Solvent
Supersaturated
Concentrated
Concentration
Non-polar
Equations:
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Concentration = mass of solute / volume of solvent
***Don’t forget you can always set up problems as a proportion m1 = m2
v1 v2
Things you should be able to do:
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Identify and explain how shaking a mixture can influence the dissolving process
Identify and explain how heating a mixture can influence the dissolving process
Identify and explain how breaking up the solute can influence the dissolving process
Describe how water is capable of dissolving so many different solutes (what does it mean to be
polar?)
Solve problems relating to concentration, including using a proportion
Interpret and analyze solubility information from a graph of solubility vs. temperature
o Determine amounts that can dissolve
o Determine required temperatures for dissolving
o Determine whether a given solution is saturated or unsaturated
o Determine the state of matter of a solute and explain your conclusion
Describe how to tell if a substance is polar or nonpolar
Describe how to tell if a solution is unsaturated, saturated or supersaturated
Explain the phrase “like dissolves like”
Things to ask Mrs. Nenadal about:
Ch 4: Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table
Terms:
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Atom
Democritus
JJ Thomson
Niels Bohr
proton
neutron
electron
nucleus
energy level
group/family
semiconductor
metal
atomic number
valence electron
- element
- John Dalton
- Ernest Rutherford
- Mendeleev
- ion
- Bohr model
- Lewis diagram
- periodic table
- quantum model
- period
- metalloid
- non metal
- atomic mass
- isotope
Formulas:
#p+ = atomic number
#e- = #p+ in a neutral atom
#n0 = atomic mass (rounded off) – atomic number
Things you should be able to do:
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Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for any element
Explain the relationship between atomic mass and isotopes of an element
Relate the organization of the Periodic Table to the arrangement of electrons within an atom
Draw/analyze and interpret Bohr models for elements 1-18
Draw/analyze Lewis dot diagrams
Explain the organization of the periodic table in terms of electron arrangement
Tell the number of valence electrons in a group/family
Determine the number of valence electrons for any element given its column on the periodic table
(not including columns 3 -12)
Locate and recognize characteristics of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
Given a description of an element’s properties, identify the atom’s family
Relate the number of valence electrons to chemical properties
Determine the number of energy levels based on row in the periodic table
Describe the contribution of different scientists to our understanding of the atom by describing
their model of the atom
Compare and contrast older models of the atom to the current quantum theory.
Things to ask Mrs. Nenadal about:
Ch 5, 6.3: Compounds and Reactions
Terms you should know:
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chemical formula
ionic bond
covalent bond
ion
diatomic molecule
polyatomic ion
subscript
- oxidation number
- valence electrons
- Lewis diagrams
- reactants
- products
- balanced chemical equation
- coefficient
Things You Should Be Able To Do:
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Determine the charge associated with ion formation of various elements; relate this to its position
on the Periodic Table
Determine the number of atoms of any element in a compound given the chemical formula
Distinguish between what happens in an ionic and covalent bond
Identify element combinations as either ionic or covalent
Draw Lewis diagrams that represent ionic bonds
Draw Lewis diagrams that represent covalent bonds
Write chemical formulas for given combinations of elements and/or polyatomic ions (given
elements, write the compound)
Given the chemical formulas, name simple ionic compounds (including ones containing polyatomic
ions)
Given the chemical formulas, name covalent compounds
Write chemical formulas given the compound name
Balance chemical equations given the formulas
Given the names of compounds in a chemical reaction, write the formulas for the compounds and
balance the equation
Things to ask Mrs. Nenadal about:
Ch 8: Acids and bases
Terms:
acid
base
electrolyte
strong acid/base
weak acid/base
titration
equivalence point
dissociate
salt
hydroxide ion
hydronium ion
pH
antacid
neutralization
ionize
indicator
Things you should be able to do:
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Describe the ionization of acids and dissociation of bases
Explain the difference between strong acids and weak acids
Describe and interpret the pH scale
Relate the pH scale to concentration of hydronium ions in a solution
Give examples of common household acids and bases
Predict the product of a neutralization reaction
Compare relative strengths of acids and bases on the pH scale
Predict the reaction of common indicators to acids and bases (e.g. litmus paper, phenolphthalein)
Things to ask Mrs. Nenadal about:
Ch 9: Nuclear Changes
Terms:
isotope
radioactivity
alpha particle
gamma ray
fission
strong nuclear force
radioactive tracer
mass number
radiation
beta particle
half life
fusion
repulsion force
background radiation
Things you should be able to do:
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correctly write/interpret the formula for any isotope
identify the types of nuclear decay and their products
calculate the half-life of an element, mathematically and/or graphically
distinguish between fission and fusion and give examples of each
explain the relationship between mass and energy in a nuclear reaction
describe what strong nuclear force does in the atom
describe sources of natural nuclear radiation
describe benefits/risks of nuclear energy
Things to ask Mrs. Nenadal about: