INDEX OF CASES Abbott v. Abbott (Neb. 1972), 259n94 Advent Elecs. v. Buckman (N.D. Ill. 1996), 231nn11, 12, 247n1 A. Landreth Co. v. Schevenel (Tenn. 1899), 234n2 Albitz v. Minneapolis & Pacific Ry. Co. (Minn. 1889), 283n1 Alikonis v. Alikonis (Ill. App. Ct. 1976), 231n13 Allstate Ins. Co. v. Hilley (Ala. 1992), 229n6, 230n8 AMF, Inc. v. McDonald's Corp. (7th Cir. 1976), 242n8 Anderson v. Anderson (Tex. App. 1981), 245n41, 249–50n17, 251n26 Anderson v. State (Tex. Crim. App. 1915), 273n32 Arram v. Star Tool & Die Corp. (Ohio Ct. App. 1980), 255–56n66 Ayers v. S. Pac. R.R. Co. (Cal. 1916), 283n1 Ayres v. French (1874), 283n1 Backentoss v. Speicher (1858), 231n11 Baker, Bourgeois & Assocs. v. Taylor (Ill. App. Ct. 1980), 231n12 Baker v. State (Ala. Crim. App. 1991), 251n26, 255–56n66, 258n87 Balue v. Taylor (Ind. 1894), 234n1 Bank of Am. Nat'l Trust & Sav. Assoc. v. Pendergrass (Cal. 1935), 267n50 Bank One v. Stewart (Tex. App. 1998), 253n46 Barbouti v. Munden (Tex. App. 1993), 259n92 Barrier v. Brinkmann (Tex. 1937), 268n54 Basden v. Mills (Okla. 1970), 229n4, 257–58n84, 259n94 Bauer v. Adams (Mo. Ct. App. 1977), 223n13, 250n20 Beaulieu v. Winfrey Hotel (Ala. Civ. App. 1998), 251–52n31 Beckendorf v. Beckendorf (Wash. 1969), 221n31 Beijing Metals & Minerals Import/Export Corp. v. Am. Bus. Ctr., Inc. (5th Cir. 1993), 252n37 Beltz v. Atlanta Coachworks Corp. (Ga. Ct. App. 1984), 229n5 Beneficial Personnel Servs., Inc. v. Porras (Tex. 1997), 249n15 Beneficial Personnel Servs., Inc. v. Porras (Tex. Ct. App. 1996), 233–34n31, 249n15 Beneficial Personnel Servs., Inc. v. Rey (Tex. 1997), 249n15 Beneficial Personnel Servs. of Tex., Inc. v. Rey (Tex. App. 1996) 229n5, 233n31, 242n5, 249 n15 Berger v. Ludwick (N.D. Cal. Aug. 17, 2000), 262–63n8 Berkeley Bank for Coops. v. Meibos (Utah 1980), 221n1, 229n5, 241–42n2, 261n110 Berkowitz v. Lyons (N.J. 1922), 243n15 BGH [Supreme Court], Neue Juristiche Wochenschrift [NJW] 1953284n12 Billy Baker Mobile Homes, Inc. v. Foster (Tex. Ct. App. 1965), 251n25, 252n40 Bissett v. Ply-Gem Indus., Inc. (5th Cir. 1976), 224n13 Blake v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. (S.D. Cal. 1938), 220n30, 268n60 Bond v. Duren (Tex. Civ. App. 1975), 259n90 Boston Housing Auth. v. Hemingway (Mass. 1973), 268n62 Bower v. Jones (7th Cir. 1992), 231nn11, 12, 247n1 Bower v. Weisman (S.D.N.Y. 1987), 228–29n4, 258n89 Bracewell v. Bryan (Ala. Civ. App. 1976), 251n26, 258n87 Breier v. Koncen Meat Co. (Mo. Ct. App. 1988), 255–56n66, 257–58n84 Brown v. N. Cent. F.S., Inc. (N.D. Iowa 1997), 259n92 Brungard v. Caprice Records, Inc. (Tenn. Ct. App. 1980), 230n7, 249n15 Bulbman, Inc. v. Nevada Bell (Nev. 1992), 221n31, 230n6, 232n16, 242n3, 266n38 Buxton v. The Birches Time Share Resort Ltd. (1991), 283n7 Cabinetware, Inc. v. Birmingham Saw Works, Inc. (Ala. 1993), 229n6, 230n8, 250n19 Caldera, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp. (D. Utah 1999), 262–63n8, 263n12 Cal. State Auto. Ass'n Inter-Ins. Bureau v. Policy Mgmt. Sys. Corp. (N.D. Cal. Jan. 9, 1996), 262–63n8 Cap Gemini Am. Inc. v. Judd (Ind. Ct. App. 1992), 230n6, 230–31n8 Capitol Const. Co. v. Alabama Exterior Supply, Inc. (Ala. Civ. App. 1997), 242n5 Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. (Eng. C.A. 1893), 250n21 Carson v. Milcrow Motor Sales (Mich. 1942), 254n54 Cash v. United States (D.C. Ct. App. 1997), 277n73 Catlin v. Warren (Ill. App. 1885), 223n13 Cent. Texas Micrographics v. Leal (Tex. Ct. App. 1995), 231n8 Century Marine, Inc. v. Vaglica (Tex. App. 2000), 229n5 Chamberlain v. Hoogs (Mass. 1854), 223–24n13 Chase v. Rusk (Mo. Ct. App. 1901), 245n30 Chedick v. Nash (D.C. Cir. 1998), 221n1, 229n5, 255–56n66, 257–58n84 Cheney v. U.S. Dist. Court for Dist. of Columbia (2004), 233n24 Chromalloy Am. Corp. v. Universal Hous. Sys. of Am., Inc. (S.D.N.Y. 1980), 242n5 Cicone v. URS Corp. (Cal. Ct. App. 1986), 221n1 Clanton v. Bains Oil Co. (Ala. 1982), 229–30nn6, 8, 242n5 Combs v. Commonwealth (Ky. Ct. App. 1955), 280n115 Commonwealth E. Mortgage Co. v. Williams (Ill. App. Ct. 1987), 231nn11, 12, 242n5 Commonwealth v. Althause (Mass. 1910), 242n9, 273n22 Commonwealth v. Drew (1837), 278n92 Commonwealth v. Green (Mass. 1950), 273n23 Commonwealth v. McKnight (Mass. 1935), 273n22 Commonwealth v. Morrison (1925), 273n22 Commonwealth v. Rubin (Mass. 1896), 217n17, 252n34, 281n12 Commonwealth v. Walker (Mass. 1871), 273n22 Conn. Gen. Life Ins. Co. v. Jones (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000), 259n91, 261n103 Cooper v. Schlesinger (1884), 264n14 Craft v. Metromedia, Inc. (8th Cir. 1985), 252n40 Craig v. Forest Inst. of Prof'l Psychology (Ala. Civ. App. 1997), 230nn6, 7 Craver v. State (Wyo. 1997), 273n25 Crompton v. Beedle (Vt. 1910), 243n15 Dailey Co. v. Am. Inst. of Mktg. Sys., Inc. (S.C. 1971), 229n4, 253n46 Desfosses v. Wallace Energy, Inc. (1st Cir. 1987), 259n90 Desnick v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. (7th Cir. 1995), 232n15, 268n56, 281n20 Dickinson v. Auto Ctr. Mfg. Co. (5th Cir. 1979), 250–51n24 Dizick v. Umpqua Cmty. Coll. (Or. 1979), 230n7 Donaldson v. Farwell (1876), 281n12, 283n1 Dowd v. Tucker (1874), 283n1 Dowling v. NADW Marketing, Inc. (Tex. App. 1981), 242n3, 266n38 Durkee v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (W.D. Wis. 1987), 229n4 Durland v. United States (1896), 281n12 Edgington v. Fitzmaurice (Ch. App. 1885), 216n7, 232–33n22, 242n9, 243n11, 253n48, 273n22, 281n12, 283n1, 284n11, 216n7 Elizaga v. Kaiser Found. Hosps., Inc. (Or. 1971), 230n7 Ellis v. Zuck (N.D. Ala. 1976), 230n7 Epperly v. Johnson (Ind. Ct. App. 2000), 234n1 Erwin L. D. v. Myla Jean L. (1993), 270n74 Estano v. State (Fl. Ct. App. 1992), 277n73 Evans v. United States (1894), 272n18 Ex parte Grand Manor, Inc. (Ala. 2000), 229n6, 230n7, 250–51n24 Ex parte Ledford (Ala. 2000), 229n6 Ex parte Lumpkin (Ala. 1997), 228n46, 229n6, 230n8 Farmers & Merchs. Bank v. Petty (Tenn. Ct. App. 1983), 247n3 Farris v. Strong (Colo. 1897), 216n9, 216n9, 242n10 F.D. Borkholder Co. v. Sandock (Ind. 1980), 242n8 Federal Express v. Paris Bus. Forms, Inc. (Pa. 1989), 228n45 Fidelity-Philadelphia Trust Co. v. Simpson (Penn. 1928), 239n45, 247n47 Figueroa v. West (Tex. App. 1995), 242n5 First Bank of Boaz v. Fielder (Ala. 1991), 230n7 First Virginia Bankshares v. Benson (5th Cir. 1977), 265n22 Fleischmann Distilling Corp. v. Maier Brewing Co. (1967), 238n40 Foster v. Dwire (N.D. 1924), 252–53n43 Frazier v. Miller (1854), 245n41, 283n1 Fredonia Broad. Corp. v. RCA Corp. (5th Cir. 1978), 230n7 Galmish v. Cicchini (Ohio 2000), 259n94 General Corp. v. General Motors Corp. (D. Minn. 1960), 267n49 Gen. Motors Acceptance Corp. v. Covington (Ala. 1991), 229n6, 233n28 Gen. Wholesale Beer Co. v. Theodore Hamm Co. (5th Cir. 1978), 254–55n58 German National Bank v. Princeton State Bank (Wis. 1906), 221n32 Gewin v. TCF Asset Management Corporation (Ala. 1995), 229n6, 230n8, 254n56 Gibson v. John D. Campbell & Co. (Tex. App. 1981), 258n86, 260n96 Gillespie v. J. C. Piles & Co. (8th Cir. 1910), 253n48 Glendale Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Marina View Heights Development Co. (Ct. App. 1977), 254n56 Globe Refining Co. v. Landa Cotton Oil Co (1903), 216n11, 216n11 Goodwin v. Horne (1881), 283n1 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Washington (Ala. 1998), 229n6 Green v. Lumpkin (Ala. Civ. App. 1996), 228n46, 245n40 Grites v. Commonwealth (Va. Ct. App. 1989), 275n48 Gross v. McKee (1876), 283n1 Guyer v. Cities Serv. Oil Co. (E.D. Wis. 1977), 242n5 H & H Distrib., Inc. v. BBC Intern., Inc. (Colo. Ct. App. 1990), 221n31 Hadley v. Baxendale (1854), 238n43 Hall v. Naylor (1859), 283n1 Hammonds v. Turnipseed (Ala. Civ. App. 1997), 251n29 Hanover Modular Homes of N. La., Inc. v. Scottish Inns of Am., Inc. (W.D. La. 1978), 229n4, 252–53n43, 259–60n95 Harrell v. Arrington (Ala. 1992), 229n6 Hayes v. Irwin (N.D. Ga. 1982), 257–58n84 H. C. Schmieding Produce Co. v. Cagle (Ala. 1988), 259n90 Henson v. Sorrell (Tenn. Ct. App. 1999), 270n74 H Enters. Int'l, Inc. v. Gen. Elec. Capital Corp. (D. Minn. 1993), 230n6 Henty Constr. Co. v. Hall (Mo. Ct. App. 1989), 229n5 Hevern v. Walter E. Heller W., Inc. (Or. Ct. App. 1990), 230n7 Hillcrest Ctr., Inc. v. Rone (Ala. 1997), 224n15, 229n6, 230n8 Hilliard v. State (Tex. Crim. App. 1966), 273n32 Hill v. Heritage Resources, Inc. (Tex. App. 1997), 257–58n84, 258n89 Hi-Way Motor Co. v. Int'l Harvester Co. (Mich. 1976), 247n2 Holland v. Lentz (Or. 1964), 250–51n24, 259n92 Holly Homes, Inc. v. Urban Hous. Group, Ltd. P'ship (Ct. App. 1997), 263–64n14 Hollymatic Corp. v. Holly Sys., Inc. (N.D. Ill 1985), 247n1 Home Seekers' Realty Co. v. Menear (Fla. 1931), 224n13 Howard v. Hammond (Ga. App. 1995), 242n6 Howard v. Reaume (Mich. 1944), 242n9 Howard v. Wolff Broad. Corp. (Ala. 1992), 229n6 IBP, Inc. v. FDL Foods, Inc. (N.D. Iowa 1998), 251n31, 255n60 Illinois, ex rel, Madigan v. Telemarketing Assoc., Inc. (2003), 281n12 In re Barrack (B.A.P. 9th Cir. 1998), 257n84 In re Cornner (Bankr. N.D. Ala. 1995), 230nn6, 8, 251nn26, 29, 252–53n43, 254–55n58, 255n62, 255–56n66 In re Marriage of Auble (Or. Ct. App. 1993), 251–52n31 In the Matter of Great Lakes Carbon Corp. (1973), 223n9 Int'l Travel Arrangers v. NWA, Inc. (8th Cir. 1993), 259n92 Jacob & Youngs, Inc. v. Kent (N.Y. 1921), 241n66 James-Dickinson Farm Mortgage Co. v. Harry (1927), 247–48n4, 281n12 Jim-Bob, Inc. v. Mehling (Mich. Ct. App. 1989), 229n5, 247n2 Johnson v. State (Tex. Crim. App. 1942), 273n32 Johnston v. Green Mountain, Inc. (Ala. 1993), 229n6, 230n7, 251n31 Jones v. State (Tex. Crim. App. 1933), 279n100 Keith v. Witt Auto Sales, Inc. (Ala. 1991), 229n6, 250–51n24, 257–58n84 Kent v. White (Ga. Ct. App. 1999), 233n28, 257–58n84 Kepler v. WHW Mgmt., Inc. (Idaho Ct. App. 1992), 229n5 Kidd v. Kidd (Miss. 1951), 246n42 King v. Tubb (Tex. Civ. App. 1977), 258n88 Kraft v. Police Comm'r of Boston (Mass. 1991), 268–69n66 Laing v. McKee (1865), 283n1 Lamoureux v. Burrillville Racing Assoc. (R.I. 1960), 224n17 Lane v. Fabert (Ill. App. Ct. 1989), 229n4, 242n5 Leisure American Resorts, Inc. v. Knutilla (Ala. 1989), 221n33, 229n6, 230n8 Leventhal v. Martin (App. Div. 1966), 251–52n31 Lively v. Garnick (Ga. Ct. App. 1981), 253n46 Lovelace v. State (Miss. 1941), 279n101 Ludwig Coal Co. v. Ludlum (Ohio 1903), 253n48 Manly v. Ohio Shoe Co. (4th Cir. 1928), 253n48 Mann v. Bank of Tallassee (Ala. Civ. App. 1996), 230n6 Markov v. ABC Transfer & Storage Co. (Wash. 1969), 265n28 Marshall Durbin Farms, Inc. v. Landers (Ala. 1985), 229n6, 230n8, 249n15 Martin v. Commonwealth (Ky. Ct. App. 1991), 278n94 Marx v. Computer Scis.Corp. (9th Cir. 1974), 265n22 Mason & Dixon Lines, Inc. v. Byrd (Ala. 1992), 229n6, 251n30 McAfee v. Rockford Coca–Cola Bottling Co. (Ill. App. Ct. 1976), 231n13 McAllister v Indianapolis & Cincinnati R.R. (1860), 235n6 McCleskey v. Kemp (1987), 277n80 McCrary v. Barrack (B.A.P. 9th Cir. 1998), 228n4 McCready v. Phillips (1898), 283n1 McCreight v. Davey Tree Expert Co. (Minn. 1934), 259n92 McCullar v. State (Crim. Ct. App. Texas 1896), 280n112 Mellon Bank Corp. v. First Union Real Estate (3d Cir. 1991), 223n9 Merrell v. State (Ct. Crim. App. Tex. 1900), 280n115 Miller v. Fairchild Industries, Inc. (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 1993), 229n4, 232n17, 254n56 Miller v. State (Ind. Ct. App. 1989), 259n93 Miller v. Sutliff (Ill. 1909), 235n4, 246n42, 283n1 Morgan v. Inter–Continental Trading Corp. (E.D. Wis. 1964), 229n5, 251n31, 253n46 Morrison v. Shuster (1881), 232n21 Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Hillman (1892), 226n36 N. Am. Plywood Corp. v. Osh Kosh Trunk & Luggage Co. (7th Cir. 1959), 231n13 Nat'l Sec. Ins. Co. v. Donaldson (Ala. 1995), 229n6 Nguyen v. State (Nev. 2000), 278n92 Nichols v. Pinner (1858), 232n21 Northwest Airlines, Inc. v. Astraea Aviation Servs., Inc. (8th Cir. 1997), 228n4 O'Gorman v. Haber (R.I. 1929), 252n41, 270n86 Old Southern Life Ins. Co. v. Woodall (Ala. 1976), 221n1 Owens v. Am. Refuse Sys., Inc. (Ga. Ct. App. 2000), 229n4 Padgett v. Hughes (Ala. 1988), 229n6, 230n8 Palm Harbor Homes v. Crawford (Ala. 1997), 229n6, 230n8 Parker v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp. (Cal. 1970), 223n9, 243n18 Peevyhouse v. Garland Coal & Mining Co. (1963), 270nn80, 81 Pelver v. Pelver (Tex. Ct. App. June 30, 1999), 245n41 Pennebaker v. Kimble (Or. 1928), 243n15 People v. Ashley (Cal. 1954), 271n11, 272n20 People v. Beaudoin (Mich. 1967), 279n101 People v. Catruna (App. Div. 1977), 251n26, 254n50, 255–56n66, 257–58n84 People v. Churchill (N.Y. 1979), 248n8 People v. Docherty (Ct. App. 1960), 255n65, 257–58n84, 259n93 People v. Griffith (Cal. 1953), 278n92, 279n101 People v. Halloran (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1986), 277–78n87 People v. Karp (N.Y. 1948), 273n31, 273–74n36 People v. Reigle (Mich. App. 1997), 275n48 People v. Robinson (Cal. App. 1930), 273n26 Perry v. Green (S.C. Ct. App. 1993), 240n57 Pinyan v. Cmty. Bank (Ala. 1994), 229n6, 230n8, 261n112 Plante v. State (Tex. Crim. App. 1985), 255n62, 255–56n66 Pollock v. Williams (1944), 277n82 Popwell v. Greene (Ala. 1985), 229n6, 230n8 Price v. Highland Community Bank (N.D. Ill. 1989), 233n28, 281n20 Pulchny v Pulchny (Tex. Civ. App. 1977), 245n41, 251n26, 252n37, 259–60n95 Purcell Co. v. Spriggs Enters., Inc. (Ala. 1983), 229n6, 230n7 R. v. Dent [1955] Crim. L. R. 501 (Eng.), 275n.50 Ramel v. Chasebrook Constr. Co. (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1961), 270n79 Rankin v. Burnham (Wash. 1929), 242n9 Regina v. Charles (1977), 284n10 Regina v. Lambie (1982), 284n10 Reid, Murdock & Co. v. Lloyd (Mo. Ct. App. 1896), 253n48 Revlon v. MacAndrews & Forbes (Del. 1986), 225n23 Rex v. Goodhall (1821), 276n53 Rivas v. Cantu (Tex. App. 2000), 259–60n95 Roda v. Berko (Ill. 1948), 231n11 Rubinstein v. Collins (5th Cir. 1994), 265n22 Sanders v. First Nat'l Bank (M.D. Tenn. 1990), 247n3, 252n37 Sawyer v. Pickett (1873), 242n9, 281n12 Schindler v. Austwell Farmers Coop. (Tex Ct. App. 1992), 230n6 Sealing Equip. Prods. Co. v. Velarde (Ala. 1994), 229n6, 233n28 Selby v. Quartrol Corp. (Ala. 1987), 229n6 Shirley v. Cmty. Bank (Ala. Civ. App. 1997), 230n6, 232n16, 242n4, 261n112, 266n38 Smith v. Harrison (1871), 245n34 Sofka v. Thal (Mo. 1983), 232n19 Sonesta Int'l Hotels Corp. v. Wellington Assoc. (2d Cir. 1973), 264–65n21 Sooudi v. Century Plaza Co. (Ala. 1993), 229n6, 230n8 Southeastern Properties, Inc. v. Lee (Ala. 1979), 253n45 Speakers of Sport, Inc. v. ProServ, Inc. (7th Cir. 1999), 235n9, 255–56n66, 267n45 Sproul v. Fossi (Or. 1976), 230n7 Stacks v. Saunders (Tenn. Ct. App. 1990), 229n4 Stahl v. Balsara (Haw. 1978), 235n6 State v. Bashem (Mo. Ct. App. 1978), 248n7 State v. Dobbs (La. 1955), 273–74n36 State v. Hardy (La. 1979), 273n35 State v. Healey (Ohio 1951), 273n26 State v. Hogrefe (Iowa 1996), 273n25, 274n44 State v. Lord (Minn. 1899), 278n92 State v. McCutcheon (S.C. Ct. App. 1985), 275n48 State v. McMahon (R.I. 1928), 272n21 State v. Moore (W.Va. 1980), 273n25 State v. Moss (Iowa 1926), 280n109 State v. Papillon (Neb. 1986), 278–79n96 State v. Robinson (S.D. 1999), 279n102, 280n105 State v. Rogers (N.C. 1997), 279n102 State v. Singleton (Ohio Ct. App. 1949), 273–74n36 Steed Realty v. Oveisi (Tenn. Ct. App. 1991), 251n29, 252–53n43, 255n65, 257–58n84, 258n87 Steinberg v. Chi. Med. Sch. (Ill. 1977), 231n14 Stewart-Warner Corp. v. Remco, Inc. (7th Cir. 1953), 231n13 Stonemets v. Head (Mo. 1913), 264n14 Stone v. Enstam (Tex. Civ. App. 1976), 242n4, 266n38 Stone v. Williams (Tex. Civ. App. 1962), 259n90 Sullivan v. Sullivan (Ill. App. Ct. 1967), 231nn1, 14, 252n37 Sweet v. Kimball (1896), 217n17, 281n12 Taylor v. Georgia (1942), 277n82, 281n12 TBG, Inc. v. Bendis (D. Kan. 1993), 262–63n8 Texas Eastern Transmission Corp. v. Amerada Hess Corp. (5th Cir. 1998), 223n9 Tex. Employers’ Ins. Ass’n. v. Baeza (Tex. Civ. App. 1977), 229n4, 258n89 Thompson v. Campbell (D. Minn. 1994), 230n8 T. O. Stanley Boot Co. v. Bank of El Paso (Tex. 1992), 259n90 Touche Ross, Ltd. v. Filipek (Haw. Ct. App. 1989), 229n5, 254n50 Triple J Cattle v. Chambers (Ala. 1993), 229n6 Udcoff v. Friedman (Ala. 1993), 229n6, 230n8 Underwood v. Life Ins. Co. of Georgia (N.D. Ala. 1998), 241n61, 250n23 United Cos. Fin. Corp. v. Brown (Ala. 1991), 258n87 United Dominions Trust Ltd. v. Western (1975), 234n31 United States v. Aguilar (5th Cir. 1992), 279n98 United States v. Carroll Towing Co. (2d Cir. 1947), 240n52 United States v. Grayson (2d Cir. 1948), 272n20 United States v. Microsoft, Corp. (D.C. Cir. 1995), 262–63n8 United States v. Microsoft Corp. (D.D.C. 1995), 262–63n8, 263n12 United States v. Mucci (10th Cir. 1980), 250n23, 259n93 United States v. Paccione (2d Cir. 1991), 259n93 United States v. York (7th Cir. 1991), 255n61 Upton v. Drummond Co. (Ala. Civ. App. 2000), 251–52n31 US Diagnostic, Inc. v. Shelby Radiology, P.C. (Ala. 2000), 229n6, 233n28, 2412, 260n97 U.S. v. Microsoft Corp. (D.D.C. 1995). See United States v. Microsoft Corp. (D.D.C. 1995) Vance v. Huff (Ala. 1990), 229n6 Vandeputte v. Soderholm (Minn. 1974), 229n5 Wade v. Chase Manhattan Mortgage Corp. (N.D. Ala. 1997), 230nn6, 7, 253n46 Walker v. Woodall (Ala. 1972), 252–53n43, 257–58n84 Warner Communications, Inc. v. Keller (Tex. App. 1994), 257–58n84, 258n89 Washington v. Davis (1976), 277n80 Weeks v. Samsung Heavy Indus. Co. (7th Cir. 1997), 231nn11, 12 West v. Graff (Ind. Ct. App. 1899), 254n54 Wharf (Holdings) Ltd. v. United Int'l Holdings, Inc. (2001), 248n6, 281n12 Williamson v. Holt (N.C. 1908), 263–64n14 Williams v. Williams (Ala. 2000), 229n6 Willis v. Atkins (Ill. 1952), 231n14 Wilma Corp. v. Fleming Foods of Alabama (Ala. 1993), 265n28 Wolk v. Churchill (8th Cir. 1982), 221n32, 232n19 World Help v. Leisure Lifestyles, Inc. (Tex. App. 1998), 254n52 Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886), 277n80 Yoon v. Alaska Real Estate Comm'n (Alaska 2001), 221n31, 257–58n84, 258n87 Young v. The King (K.B. 1789), 271n11 Zaborowski v. Hoffman Rosner Corp. (Ill. App. Ct. 1976), 231n12