Tomato infectious chlorosis crinivirus (a new tomato virus transmitted by Trialeurodes vaporariorum)
Why
Tomato infectious chlorosis crinivirus came to our attention because it has been reported as
a new tomato virus transmitted by Trialeurodes vaporariorum in USA since 1993.
Where
EPPO region: Italy (found in one plant in Liguria, observed again in 1995 and 1997 with
high populations of T. vaporariorum, the virus is found at the end of the season and damage
is not very high (details given during Panel meeting on Phytosanitary Measures, 1999-01,
since then it has also been reported in Calabria, Campania, Lazio, and Sardegna but on a
few samples). Found in 2001 in Spain (Comunidad Valenciana) and Greece (including
Crete). One case was reported in the South of France in 2005.
North America: USA (several places in California, North Carolina),
Asia: Indonesia (found in 2003), Japan (2001), Taiwan.
On which plants
Tomato (field and glasshouse). In California, natural infections have been detected in
artichoke (Cinara scolymus) and weeds (Nicotiana glauca, Picris echioides). In
experimental transmission studies using the insect vector (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), the
virus could also infect: tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa), potato (Solanum tuberosum), lettuce
(Lactuca sativa), petunia (Petunia hybrida) and several weed species (e.g. Chenopodium
album, C. murale). In Taiwan, it was once detected on Zinnia.
Damage:
Affected tomato plants show interveinal yellowing, necrosis. In California, severe yield
losses were observed (2 million USD losses were reported in tomato fields of Orange
county, in one season). In Italy, no economic losses are reported.
Possible identity
Virus transmitted by Trialeurodes vaporariorum (but not by Bemisia tabaci) designated as
Tomato infectious chlorosis crinivirus
Pathway
Tomato plants for planting (vegetables?) from countries where it occurs.
Possible risks
Crops concerned are important for the EPPO region (under glass and outdoors). Insect
vector is present and widespread. Severe symptoms and losses are reported. More data is
needed on the situation in Italy (samples from Italy were found positive by US researchers).
[N.B. Since Bemisia tabaci is not a vector, this tomato virus is not covered by the broad EU
category 'viruses transmitted by Bemisia tabaci].
Anonymous (2002) Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. Où l’on reparle du TYLCV sur tomate. Phytoma – La Défense
des Végétaux, n° 553, p 5.
Anonymous (2002) Arrêté du 8 juillet 2002 relatif à la lutte contre les virus Tomato yellow leaf curl begomovirus
(TYLCV), Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder crinivirus (CYSDV), Tomato chlorosis crinivirus (ToCV), Tomato
infectious chlorosis crinivirus (TICV) et Cucumber vein yellowing ipomovirus.Journal Officiel, no. 168, 20
juillet 2002, p 12149.
Dalmon A, Boyer S, Cailly M, Girard M, Lecoq H, Desbiez C, Jacquemond M (2005) First report of Tomato
chlorosis virus and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus in tomato crops in France. Plant Disease 89(11), p 1242.
Decoin, M. (2003) Tomates et concombres, gare aux nouveaux virus. A propos de cinq organismes ‘à lutte
obligatoire’. Phytoma – La Défense des Végétaux, n° 558, 27-29.
Dovas, C.I.; Katis, N.I.; Avgelis, A.V. (2002) Multiplex detection of criniviruses associated with epidemics of a
yellowing disease of tomato in Greece. Plant Disease, 86(12), 1345-1349
Duffus, J.E.; Liu, H.Y.; Wisler, G.C. (1996) Tomato infectious chlorosis virus - a new clostero-like virus
transmitted by Trialeurodes vaporariorum. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 102(3), 219-226.
Font, I.M.; Juárez, M.; Martínez, O.; Jordá, C.; (2004) Current status and newly discovered hosts of Tomato
infectious chlorosis virus and Tomato chlorosis virus in Spain. Plant Disease, 88(1), p 82.
Font, I.; Martínez-Culebras, P.; Jorda, M.C., Louro, D.; Vaira, A.M.; Accotto, G.P. (2002) First report of Tomato
infectious chlorosis virus in Spain. Plant Disease, 86(6), p 696.
Font, M.I.; Vaira, A.M.; Accotto, G.P.; Lacasa, A.; Serra, J.; Gomila, J.; Juárez, M.; Espino, A.I.; Jordá, M.C.
(2003) Amarilleos en los cultivos de tomate asociados a Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) y Tomato infectious
chlorosis virus (TICV) en España. Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas, 29(1), 110-121.
Hartono, S.; Natsuaki, T.; Sayama, H.; Atarashi, H.; Okuda, S. (2003) Yellowing disease of tomatoes caused by
Tomato infectious chlorosis virus newly recognized in Japan. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 69(1), 61-64.
Jones, D.R. (2001) Draft data sheet on Tomato infectious chlorosis virus, CSL, UK
Li, R.H.; Wisler, G.C.; Liu, H.Y.; Duffus, J.E. (1998) Comparison of diagnostic techniques for detecting tomato
infectious chlorosis virus. Plant Disease, 82(1), 84-88.
Liu, H.-Y.; Wisler, G.C.; Duffus, J.E. (2000) Particle lengths of whitefly-transmitted criniviruses. Plant Disease,
84(7), 803-805.
Parrella G, Scassillo L (2006) [First report of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) in Campania and of Tomato
infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) in Calabria (Southern Italy).]. Informatore Fitopatologico no. 6, 33-34 (in
Italian).
Tsai, W.S.; Shih, S.L.; Green, S.K.; Hanson, P.; Liu, H.Y. (2004) First report of the occurrence of Tomato
chlorosis virus and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus in Taiwan. Plant Disease, 88(3), p 311.
Verhoeven, J.T.J.; Willemen, T.M.; Roenhorst, J.W.; van der Vlugt, R.A.A. (2003) First report of Tomato
infectious chlorosis virus in tomato in Indonesia. Plant Disease, 87(7), p 872.
Wisler, G.C.; Duffus, J.E.; Liu, H.-Y.; Li, R.H. (1998) Ecology and epidemiology of whitefly-transmitted
closteroviruses. Plant Disease, 82(3), 270-279.
NPPO of Italy, 2002-05
EPPO RS 97/035, 98/085, 98/086, 2001/058, 2002/079, 2002/127, 2003/026, 2003/027, 2003/028, 2003/099, 2003/150, 2004/035, 2004/083,
2005/143, 2006/184
Panel review date
2007-03
Entry date 1997-02
Source(s)