Specialization nr 13: Veterinary Radiology
The national managerin term of office 2008 – 2012
Tadeusz Narojek DVM
Duration of training–6 semesters
4 semesters – lectures, exercises, seminars
2 semesters - clinical training
Lectures – 126 hours
Seminars – 56 hours
Clinical training – 120 hours
Lectures
1. History of veterinary radiology, radiation safety, radiographic techniques,
radiographic processing, principles of clinical anatomy –16 hours
2. Diagnosis of thorax diseases – 16 hours
3. Diagnosis of abdomen diseases – 16 hours
4. Diagnosis of appendicular skeleton diseases – 16 hours
5. Ultrasound diagnostics, examination techniques, interpretation ultrasound
images –16 hours
6. Diagnosis of nerves system diseases, radiography, computed tomography,
magnetic resonance – 16 hours
7. Endoscopy, imaging of exotic animals and birds, legal issues in veterinary
practice – 16 hours
Seminars
1.
2.
3.
4.
Performance of imaging examination in X-ray and ultrasound lab. – 14 hours
Interpretation of X-ray and ultrasound images – 14 hours
Presentation of their own cases – 14 hours
Presentation of their own articles, lectures – 14 hours
Clinical training – 120 hours
Examination small and large animals using X-ray and ultrasound equipment,
documenting those tests, processing images diagnostic
References
Wojciech Empel „Radiodiagnostyka weterynaryjna”
A. Coulson, N. Lewis „Atlas interpretacji obrazów radiograficznych anatomii psa i
kota” (tłumaczenie na język polski)
T. Nyland, J. Motton „Diagnostyka ultrasonograficzna małych zwierząt”
Kealy J.K., McAllister.: „Diagnostyka radiologiczna i ultrasonograficzna psów i
kotów”
Individual training is not envisaged
THE DESCRIPTIVE PART
A. General
I. Introduction
1. History of discoveries related to the diagnostic imaging
2. History of diagnostic imaging in Poland
II. Principles of radiographic techniques
1. Physics of X-rays
2. Characteristics of X-rays important from the point of view of the veterinary diagnostic
3. Construction of X-ray tube
4. Construction of X-ray machine
5. Methods of radiology examination
- Radiography
- Radioscopy
- X-ray TV
- Tomography
- Computed tomography
III. Radiography as a primary diagnostic imaging in veterinary practice
1. Projection using in X-ray examination
2. X-ray picture
a. Quality of radiogram
b. Artifacts
3. Principle of X-ray picture interpretation
4. Indications and contraindications to X-ray examination
5. Contrast agents using in X-ray examination
6. Technique of procedures utilize contrast agents
IV. Tomography
1. Projection using in tomography
2. Tomography picture
a. Quality of tomogram
b. Artifacts
3. Principle of tomogram interpretation
4. Indications and contraindications to tomography examination
V. Computed tomography
Principle of action computed tomography
Construction of CT machine
Technique of CT examination
Creation of CT image
Processing of CT image
a. Selection of image parameters
b. Multiplanar reconstruction
c. Three dimensional reconstruction
d. Virtual endoscopy
6. Principle of CT pictures interpretation
7. Use contrast agents in computed tomography
8. Indications and contraindications to CT examination
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VI. Ultrasonography
Physics of ultrasound. Piezoelectric effect
Producing a sound wave, receiving the echoes, forming the image
Echo effect, Doppler effect
Principle working ultrasound machine
Ultrasound picture - sonogram
a. Modes of sonography
b. Principle of sonogram interpretation
c. Artifacts
6. Ultrasound machine
a. Type of ultrasound machines
b. Ultrasound transducers – choice to veterinary practice
7. Indications and contraindications to ultrasound examination
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VII. Magnetic resonance tomography
1.
2.
3.
4.
Magnetic resonance effect
Construction of MR machine
Processing of MR image
Artifacts
5. Indications and contraindications to MR examination
VIII. Safety at work. Protection of staff, patient, owner against radiation
1. Dangerous to use X-ray examination. Radiation safety rules diagnostic
radiography
2. Safety of ultrasound examination
3. Dangerous during magnetic resonance examination
B. Specifics
I. Diagnostic imaging od the abdomen
1. Imaging way of abdomen
a. Radiography
b. Ultrasonography
c. Computed tomography
d. Magnetic resonance
2. Indications and contraindications to use particular examination type
3. Normal and abnormal image of:
a. Abdominal wall
b. Peritoneum
c. Liver, gall bladder
d. Spleen
e. Pancreas
f. Alimentary system
i. Pharynx
ii. Esophagus
iii. Stomach
iv. Intestine
g. Adrenal gland
h. Urinary tract
i. Kidney
ii. Ureters
iii. Urinary bladder
iv. Urethra
i. Female genital tract
i. Ovary
ii. Uterus
iii. Vagina
j. Specificity imaging of female genital tract in large animals
k. Male genital tract
i. Prostate
ii. Testis
iii. Penis
l. Specificity imaging of male genital tract in large animal
II. Diagnostic imaging of the thorax
1. Imaging way of thorax
a. Radiography
b. Ultrasonography
c. Computed tomography
d. Magnetic resonance
2. Indications and contraindications to use particular examination type
3. Normal and abnormal image of:
a. Thoracic wall
b. Pleura
c. Trachea
d. Bronchi
e. Lungs
f. Diaphragm
g. Mediastinum
h. Cardiovascular system
i. Heart
ii. Vessels
III. Diagnostic imaging of the head and neck
1. Imaging way of head and neck
a. Radiography
b. Ultrasonography
c. Computed tomography
d. Magnetic resonance
2. Indications and contraindications to use particular examination type
3. Normal and abnormal image of:
a. Nasal cavities
b. Frontal sinuses
c. Teeth
d. Throat
e. Larynx
f. Hyoid bone
g. Cervical trachea
h. Thyroid gland
i. Parathyroid gland
IV. Diagnostic imaging of themusculoskeletal system
1. Imaging way of musculoskeletal system
a. Radiography
b. Ultrasonography
c. Computed tomography
d. Magnetic resonance
2. Indications and contraindications to use particular examination type
3. The bone
a. Bone development
b. Normal image of the bone
c. Diseases of the bone
i. Developmental malformation
ii. Metabolic diseases
iii. Ostechondrosis
iv. Bone inflammatory
v. Bone neoplasia
vi. Posttraumatic changes
4. Joints
a. Normal image of the joint
b. Joints diseases
i. Developmental anomaly
ii. Inflammation
iii. Neoplasia
iv. Posttraumatic changes
V. Neuroimaging
1. 1. Imaging way of musculoskeletal system
a. Radiography
b. Ultrasonography
c. Computed tomography
d. Magnetic resonance
2. Indications and contraindications to use particular examination type
3. The skull
a. Normal image of the skull
b. Diseases of the skull
i. Developmental malformation
ii. Metabolic diseases
iii. Bone inflammatory
iv. Bone neoplasia
v. Posttraumatic changes
4. Spinal cord
a. Normal image of the spinal cord
b. Diseases of the spinal cord
i. Developmental malformation
ii. Degenerative disease
iii. Discopathy
iv. Inflammatory
v. Neoplasia
vi. Posttraumatic changes
5. The brain
a. Normal image of the brain
b. Diseases of the brain
i. Developmental malformation
ii. Degenerative disease
iii. Inflammatory
iv. Neoplasia
v. Posttraumatic changes