2. Verbs and VPs - Universidad de Deusto

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2. Verbs and VPs
2.1 Verb complements and adjuncts: the basic structure of VP
2.2 Argument structure and realization: alternations (Levin 1993; H&P 2002:296-321)
2.2.0 Transitive and intransitive. Unaccusative & unergatives
2.2.1Transitivity alternations
2.2.1.1 Unexpressed object alternations 8.1.3
2.2.1.1. Unexpressed definite object
2.2.1.2. Unexpressed reflexive/reciprocal
2.2.1.3 Unexpressed body-part
2.2.1.4. Normal and specific category un. obj.
2.2.1.2 Ergative alternations
2.2.1.2.1 Causative/inchoative alternation 8.1.4 (a,b)
2.2.1.2.2 Middle constructions 8.1.4 (d)
2.2.1.2.3 Induced Action alternation 8.1.4 (c)
2.2.1.2.4 Radiate verbs? 8.1.2
2.2.1.3 (P) NP complements
2.2.1.3.1 conative 8.1.1.(a)
2.2.1.3.2 directional movement 81.1. (b)
2.2.1.3.3 Others 8.1.1 (c-e)
2.2.1.4 Extensions of intransitives 8.1.1 (i)
2.2.1.4.1 Cognate objects 8.1.3 (j)
2.2.1.4.2 Objects of conveyed reaction 8.1.3 (k)
2.2.4 Alternations within VP
2.2.4.1 Double Object constructions
2.2.4.1.1 General type (H&P 8.2.1)
2.2.4.1.2 Envy double objects 8.2.2
2.2.4.1.3 Offer and fine verbs 8.2.3
2.2.4.2 Alternating NP/PP
2.2.4.2.1 present, blame 8.3.1.(a)
2.2.4.2.2 Theme-location 8.3.1 (b-d)
2.2.4.2.3 Others 8.3.1 (e-g)
2.2.4.2.4 Related patterns
2.2.4.2.4.1 Involving subject: Swarm, develop 8.3.2
2.2.4.2.4.2 V (NP P)NP: wipe verbs 8.3.3
2.2.4.2.4.3 fill verbs 8.3.4
2.2.4.3 Predicative As alternation (L&R)
2.2.5 Other alternations
2.2.5.1 There insertion and locative inversion (L&R)
2.2.5.2 One's way construction (Jackendoff 1990)
2.2.5.3 Time away constructions (Jackendoff 1997)
2.2.5.4 Resultative objects
2.3 Tenseless verbal forms
2.3.1 Perfect participles
2.3.1.1 Be and get passives
2.3.1.2 Dynamic and stative passives (passives and unpassives)
2.3.2 Present participles
2.3.2.1 Action nominals vs. gerunds
2.3.2.2 Nominal vs. noun
2.3.2.3 Adjectives, adjectival, adverbial
2.3.2.4 Present participles at large
2.4 Auxiliary and modal verbs
2.4.1 Defining characteristics of auxiliaries
2.4.2 Auxiliary types: central, modal, semi-modal and modal idioms
2.4.3 Deontic and epistemic meanings
2.4.4 Some problematic cases: dare, need and used to
2.4.5 BE/HAVE/DO as primary auxiliaries and main verbs
2.4.6 Light verbs (H&P 290-296)
2.5 Aspectual semantics of verbs and verb phrases. (Dowty 1982; H&P 118-125)
SOME REFERENCES:
AARTS, B. & C. F. MEYERS, eds., 1995, The verb in contemporary English, CUP, Cambridge
BORER, H. (1990). "V+ing: It Walks like an Adjective, It Talks like and Adjective", Linguistic
Inquiry 21, 95-103
BOSQUE, I. (1989), Las categorias gramaticales, Sintesis, Madrid
BOTLEY, S. & T. McEnery. 2001. “Demonstratives in English”, Journal of English Linguistics
29:1, 7-33
DOWTY, R. (1982), Word Meaning and Montague Semantics, De Reidel, Dordrecht
DRYER, M.S. (1985), "The Role of Thematic Relations in Adjectival Passives", LI 16, 320
DUFFLEY, P. & P. LARRIVÉE. 1998. “Need, Dare, and Negative Polarity”, Linguistic
Analysis 28, 89-107
DUFFLEY, P., 1992, The English Infinitive, Longman, London
DUFFLEY, P., 1994. "Need and Dare: The black sheep of the modal family", Journal of
Linguistics 30, 213-243
FAGAN, S., 1992, The syntax and semantics of Middle constructions, CUP, Cambridge
GOLDBERG, A. (1995). Constructions. A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument
Structure. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1995
GOLDERG, A. & F. Ackerman. 2001. “The pragmatics of obligatory adjuncts”. Language 77:4,
798-814
HUNDT, M. 2001. “What corpora tell us about the grammaticalization of voice in getconstructions”, Studies in Language, 25:1, 49-88
IWATA, S. 1999. “On the status of implicit arguments in middles”. Journal of Linguistics 35,
527-553
JACKENDOFF, R. (1990), Semantic Structures, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Chapter 10
JACKENDOFF, R. 1997. “Twistin’ The Night Away”. Language 73.3, 534-559
KITAZUME, S., (1996), “Middles in English”, Word 47.2, 161-183
LEVIN, B. and M. RAPPAPORT (1986), "The Formation of Adjectival Passives", LI 17.4, 623661
LEVIN, B., 1993, English Verb Classes and Alternations, The University of Chicago Press,
Chicago
LEVIN, B., and T. RAPPAPORT (1995) Unaccusativity, The MIT Press, Cambridge
MILLER, J. (1985),Semantics and Syntax, Cambridge University Press, 181-190
PULLUM, G. & A. Zwicky. 1999. “Gerund participles and head-complement inflection
conditions”, in P. Collins and D. Lee (eds.), The English Clause,
Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins
RAPOPORT, T.R. 1999. “Structure, Aspect, and the Predicate”. Lg. 75.4, 653-677
ROSTA, A., 1995, "The semantics of English mediopassives", in Aarts and Meyer 1995, 123144
TOBIN, Y., 1993, Aspect in the English Verb, Longman, London
WARNER, A., 1993, English Auxiliaries, CUP, Cambridge
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