5. AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES
The total geographical area of the State is
274.40 lakh hectares. Out of the
geographical area 39.5 percent under net
area sown, 22.6 percent under forests, 8.9
percent under current fallow lands, 9.5
percent under land put to non-agricultural
uses, 7.6 percent under barren and
uncultivable land and remaining 11.9
percent under Others (Other fallow lands,
Cultivable waste, Permanent pastures and
other grazing lands and Land under
miscellaneous tree crops and groves not
included in the net area sown). During the
year 2005-06, the net area sown increased
to 108.39 lakh hectares from 104.31 lakh
hectares in 2004-05 (including fish ponds).
The land utilisation particulars from 195556 to 2005-06 are given in the Annexure
5.1.
Rainfall
Agriculture in Andhra Pradesh is mostly
dependent on rainfall. South-West and
North-East Monsoons are the two
important sources of rainfall in the State.
South-West monsoon is spread over the
period from June to September and NorthEast Monsoon from October to December.
The State receives major portion of its
rainfall from South-West Monsoon. The
influence of South-West Monsoon is
predominant in Telangana region (715
mm.) followed by Coastal Andhra (620
mm.) and Rayalaseema (407 mm.). SouthWest Monsoon entered in the state on 27th
May 2006 covering some parts of Rayala
Seema and Coastal Andhra. It advanced
into the remaining parts of the state
including Telangana and covered the entire
Andhra Pradesh by 24th June 2006. During
South-West Monsoon 2006, the State
received an average rainfall of 627 mm. as
against the normal of 624 mm. The state
received uneven rains with dry spells and
heavy downpours during the season and
distributed unevenly across the state.
Therefore, the rains adversely affected the
kharif crops in some of the state. The
monsoon withdrew from the state on 17th
AGRICULTURE
5.1
Sustainable growth in agriculture sector is
the “need of the hour” not only for the state
of Andhra Pradesh but also for the country
as a whole. Economy of Andhra Pradesh
continues to be predominantly agrarian. The
dependence of rural labour force on
agriculture and allied activities is quite
evident and is likely to continue on the
same lines in the near future. Apart from
direct impact of agricultural growth on
generation of rural employment and
incomes its significant secondary linkages
with the development of rural non-farm
sectors are more crucial. Trade in
agricultural outputs and inputs and services
required by it and processing of its products
open up additional and more significant
avenues for labour absorption. Andhra
Pradesh being an important producer of
Groundnut, Cotton, Chillies, Sugarcane
etc., and quite a number of Horticultural
crops, such secondary linkages of
agriculture assume added importance to its
rural economy, more so now in the context
of new Agricultural Policy initiatives taken
up by the government.
Land Utilization
12%
Land Utilisation
2005-06
8%
10%
39%
9%
22%
Net Area Sown
Forest
Current Fallow Lands
Land Put to Non-Agricltural Uses
Barren & Uncultivable Land
Others
23
October 2006.
North-East Monsoon entered the state on
19th October 2006. During the Monsoon,
the State as a whole received an average
rainfall of 168 mm. against a normal of
224 mm. at a deficit of 25 percent. The
North-East Monsoon provides high
amount of rainfall in Coastal Andhra area
(324 mm.) followed by Rayalaseema (238
mm.) and Telangana (130 mm.). There are
no significant differences in normal
distribution of rainfall during winter and
hot weather periods among the regions.
The Season-wise and Region-wise average
rainfall from 1983-84 to 2006-07 and the
Season-wise and district-wise distribution
of rainfall during the year 2006-07 in the
State are shown in Annexure 5.2 and 5.3
respectively.
Area and Production
(Crop Forecast for 2006-07)
As per the advance estimates, at the end of
December 2006 the area sown under total
foodgrains in the state is 70.75 lakh
hectares in 2006-07 against 71.68 lakh
hectares in 2005-06. The area under
groundnut decreased to 13.21 lakh
hectares in 2006-07 from 18.76 lakh
hectares in 2005-06.
As per the advance estimates, the
production of total food grains in the State
might decrease to 159.97 lakh tonnes in
2006-07 from 169.50 lakh tonnes in 200506. Production of rice expected to be
Production of Foodgrains
180
160
Production (Lakh Tonnes)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
Year
24
121.27 lakh tonnes in 2006-07 against
117.04 lakh tonnes in 2005-06, whereas,
the production of groundnut is expected to
decrease to 7.09 lakh tonnes in 2006-07
from 13.66 lakh tonnes in 2005-06.
Production of foodgrains from 1955-56 to
2005-06 is shown in Annexure 5.4.
The crop intensity (the ratio of gross
cropped area to net cropped area) for the
year 2005-06 works out to 1.24. Seasonwise area, production and productivity of
selected crops are shown in the Annexure
5.5, 5.6 and 5.7 respectively.
The annual rate of growth of aggregate
agricultural output declined from 3.4
percent in 1980’s to 2.3 percent in 1990’s.
The yield growth also declined.
Gross and Net Area Irrigated
The gross area irrigated in the State
increased to 59.96 lakh hectares in 200506 from 49.87 lakh hectares in 2004-05.
The increase is 20.2 percent. The Gross
area irrigated under wells accounted for a
major share of 46.6 per cent (27.96 lakh
hectares) followed by Canals with 37.2
percent (22.31 lakh hectares) and Tanks
with 12.7 percent (7.62 lakh hectares) in
2005-06.
The Net area irrigated in the State
increased to 43.93 lakh hectares in 200506 from 38.81 lakh hectares in 2004-05
showing an increase of 13.2 percent. Net
area irrigated under Wells accounted for a
major share of 45.2 per cent (19.87 lakh
hectares) followed by Canals 35.8 percent
(15.72 lakh hectares) and Tanks 15.1
percent (6.62 lakh hectares) in 2005-06.
Source-wise Gross and Net area irrigated
is shown in Annexure 5.8 and 5.9
respectively.
Land Holdings:
The data on land holdings in the State is
being collected from 1970-71 through a
quinquennial Census of Land holdings and
the latest relates to 2000-01. The average
size of holdings in the State, which was
1.36 hectares during 1995-96, had
declined to 1.25 hectares during 2000-01.
The distribution of land holdings and area
according to size class are shown in
Annexure 5.10.
Seeds:
The seed requirement for kharif 2006 was
estimated at 42.69 lakh quintals, out of
which 18.79 lakh quintals was distributed
enabling Seed Replacement Ratio (SRR)
of 43%. For rabi season, the seed supply
plan is prepared for 8.65 lakh quintals of
seed as against the total requirement of
17.47 lakh quintals with a targeted SRR of
nearly 50%.
Subsidy
A quantity of 7.15 lakh quintals has been
distributed by incurring an amount of
Rs.5966 lakhs and it is planned to
distribute 4.8 lakh quintals of seed during
Rabi with a subsidy of Rs.8,963 lakhs.
Particulars of seed supplied during Kharif
2006 are shown in Table 5.1.
(estimated) area under HYV Programme is
33.71 lakh Hectares as against a target of
36.54 lakh Hectares. Season-wise area
covered under High Yielding Varieties for
specified crops from 2001-02 to 2005-06
are shown in Annexure 5.11.
Soil Testing:
Soil testing is carried out in the laboratory
for evaluation of nutrient content and
fertilizer recommendation. There are 22
District Soil Testing Labs (STLs), 2
Regional Soil Testing Labs and 4 Mobile
Soil Testing Labs and 56 Agriculture
Market Committee (AMC) Labs in A.P.
Analysis is carried out for Electrical
Conductivity (Soluble salt content) pH
(Index for acidity / alkalinity) Nitrogen,
Phosphorus
and
Potassium
(Macronutrients) in all the labs. In
addition, the District STLs have the
facility for analysis of micro-nutrients
(Zinc, Iron, Copper and Manganese) and
water
analysis.
The Target
and
achievements for the year 2005-06 and
2006-07 (Up to September 2006) are
furnished in Table 5.2.
Table 5.1
Seed Supply during Kharif 2006
Crop
Seed
Seed
Requirement Supplied
Paddy
15.00
8.70
Maize
1.01
1.01
Redgram
0.86
0.21
Greengram
0.60
0.17
Blackgram
0.20
0.06
Groundnut
23.25
5.81
Castor
0.39
0.10
Soyabean
0.94
0.94
Cotton
0.12
0.12
Others
0.32
0.16
Total
42.69
17.28
Source: - Agriculture Department
SRR
Achieved
70
61
14
20
13
25
28
87
100
0
43
Table 5.2
Soil Testing
Item
Macronutrients, EC
& pH
High Yielding Varieties:
The High Yielding Varieties programme
(HYV) was initiated in the State during
1966-67 with the main objective of
covering maximum area under high
yielding varieties of five crops viz., Rice,
Wheat, Jowar, Bajra, and Maize to
increase production.
The total area
covered under High Yielding Varieties
programme in the State during 2005-06
was 52.74 lakh Hectares as against the
target of 45.16 lakh Hectares. The actual
area covered in case of Paddy was 39.82
lakh Hectares followed by Maize 7.58 lakh
Hectares, Jowar 4.44 lakh Hectares, Bajra
0.81 lakh Hectares, and Wheat 0.09 lakh
Hectares. During Kharif 2006, the total
Year
2005-06
2006-07
Target
(Lakhs)
Achievement
5.00
4,48,746
4.45
3,61,768
2005-06
2006-07
0.52
35,425
Macronutrients
1.55
34,511
2005-06
2006-07
0.07
8,254
Water
0.07
7,230
Source: - Agriculture Department
Soil Testing Kit:
The Department is distributing Soil
Testing Kits for instant analysis at the site
by the farmers themselves. The kits are
being supplied by A.P. Agros. These kits
provide data on soil fertility at reasonable
accuracy (around 70%), which is
acceptable in a situation where the farmer
applies the fertilizer without any basis.
During the year 2005-06, 10,000 Soil
Testing kits have been distributed to
RMGs, Polambadi Colaborators and Seed
Village Programme. Training on using the
25
Soil Testing Kits was already been
organized. The capacity of each kit is to
analyse 25 soil samples for pH, OC,
N,P,K, S and Ca.
It is proposed to distribute 5000 Soil
Testing Kits & 5000 Refills during the
year 2006-07. So far 4,217 Soil Testing
Kits and 1,100 refills have already been
distributed.
Fertilizer Policy:
Total fertilizer nutrient requirement during
2006-07 has been estimated at 31.69 lakh
MTs. (14.81 lakh MTs. - Kharif 2006 and
16.88 lakh MTs-Rabi 2006-07). The
nutrient wise requirement for N, P & K is
in the order of 18.64, 8.64 and 4.41 lakh
MTs. respectively.
Product-wise
Fertilizer
Consumption
during Kharif 2006 and requirement for
Rabi 2006-07 is presented in Table 5.3.
the lowest ever recorded so far. Utilization
of Pesticides is shown in Table 5.4.
Table 5.4
Utilization of Pesticides
Year
2001-02
3850
2002-03
3400
2003-04
2133
2004-05
2781
2005-06
1918
206-07 (Upto Sept.,
425
2006)
Source: - Agriculture Department
Farm Mechanization Scheme:
Farm Mechanization is gaining importance
in the last five years for carrying out
various farm activities effectively in less
time with less effort. There is increased
demand from the farming community for
improved implements. This would result in
efficiency and timeliness in the field
operations, reduction in the cost of
cultivation and improvement in the quality
of produce for better marketability.
Farm Mechanization Scheme is being
implemented since 2000-01. Depending on
the types of crops grown, soil conditions,
local situations and requirements in the
districts, the Department has been
distributing various farm machinery and
implements on 50% subsidy subject to a
maximum of Rs.30,000/- per unit to
accelerate present pace of Mechanization.
Number of beneficiaries and amount incurred
towards subsidy under Farm Mechanization
Scheme are shown in Table 5.5.
Table 5.3
Fertiliser Consumption - 2006-07
(Lakh MTs)
Kharif
Product
Consumption
Urea
11.73
Rabi
Product
Urea
Requirement
14.12
DiAmmonium
Phosphate
Murate
of
Potash
3.53
Amm.Sul.
1.08
1.44
0.25
Single Super
Phosphate
Complexes
Others
1.18
Calcium
Ammonium
Nitrate
Amm.Chl.
7.15
0.82
DAP
SSP
MOP
SOP
Total
25.85
Total
Source: - Agriculture Department
Consumption in MT
(Technical Grade)
0.07
3.35
1.58
2.89
0.08
23.42
Table 5.5
Achievements under Farm Mechanisation
Scheme
Year
No. of
Subsidy
Beneficiaries
Expenditure
(Rs. in Lakhs)
2001-02
9342
333.41
2002-03
47390
596.35
2003-04
50000
1664.50
2004-05
47568
2290.94
2005-06
73140
3625.34
2006-07
62062
2533.00
(Upto Sept.,
2006)
Source: - Agriculture Department
Consumption of fertilizers and the nutrients
in the state are shown in Annexures 5.12
and 5.13.
Pesticides
The pesticide consumption has been
decreasing gradually with the adoption of
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
advocated intensively.
During Kharif
2006 about 425 MTs. of active ingredients
were utilized for Plant Protection, which is
26
All the subsidy inputs supplied like
Gypsum, Zinc Sulphate and Farm
Machinery etc. were through RMG groups.
RMGs were sanctioned licenses for supply
of seeds, Fertilizers and pesticides,
particularly in remote areas where there
are no co-operative and private outlets.
Disbursement of agricultural credit by
different banks is shown in Annexure 5.14.
National Agricultural Insurance Scheme
(NAIS): (Crop Insurance)
National Agricultural Insurance Scheme
was introduced by the Govt. of India in the
country from Rabi 1999-2000.
In our
state this scheme has been introduced from
kharif 2000 season onwards with
involvement of Agriculture Department,
Agriculture Insurance
Co.
(Implementing Agency) and Directorate of
Economics and Statistics Department. The
Scheme is being implemented in the state
with active participation and involvement
of
Dist.
Co-op.
Central
Banks,
Commercial Banks, Rural Banks and
Primary
Agricultural
Co-operative
Societies.
Objectives:-
Agricultural Credit:






Target under Crop loans is Rs. 9,900
Crores.
Achievement is Rs 9,457 Crores, which is
95.52% of the target.
Target for Non-loanee coverage is 3.00
Lakh.
3.00 lakh No. of Non-loanees were
covered.
Target under RMG financing is 35,000
Groups.
6,531 RMGs were provided credit by
extending an amount of Rs. 80.47 crores.
(15,700 tenant farmers were covered in
those groups).
Rythu Mithra Groups (RMGs)
Government
vide
G.O.Ms.No.167,
dated.25.06.03 have issued orders for
formation of 2.00 (Two Lakh) RMGs
consisting of Small, Marginal and Tenant
farmers in the state. Accordingly 2.03 lakh
RMGs have been formed.
Government have issued orders vide G.O.
Ms. No. 482 dated 12.12.2005 for the
formation and functioning of additional
1.00 lakh new Rythu Mithra Groups to be
formed in the State exclusively with Small
Farmers/Marginal Farmers and Tenant
Farmers.
So far 22,287 RMGs have been formed
and 14,290 Bank accounts were opened.
Credit linkage:
A pilot project for financing RMGs have
been launched in (13) districts of the State
during 2004-05 and 4,527 Rythu Mithra
Groups covered involving an amount of
Rs.29.14 Crores. During 2005-06, the Pilot
project was extended to all the 22 districts
in the state.
During 2005-06, 14,361 RMG groups have
been extended credit facility with a
financial outlay of Rs.157.66 Crores and
49587 no. of Tenant farmers have been
covered.
For the year 2006-07, it is proposed to
provide credit linkage to 57,970 RMG
groups. So far 6,531 RMGs have been
extended credit with a financial out lay of
Rs.80.47 Crores
Input distribution through Rythu
Mithra Groups (RMGs):



To provide a measure of financial support
to the farmers in the event of crop failure
as a result of drought, cyclone and
incidence of pest & diseases.
To restore the credit eligibility of a farmer
after a crop failure for the next season.
To support and stimulate the production of
cereals, pulses and oil seed crops.
Crops Covered:During Kharif 2006 (19) crops were
covered viz. 1. Rice 2. Jowar 3. Bajra
4.Maize 5. Blackgram 6. Greengram 7.
Redgram 8.Goundnut(I) 9.Groundnut (UI)
10.Sunflower 11. Castor 12. Sugarcane (P)
13 Sugarcane (R) 14. Cotton (I) 15.Cotton
(UI) 16.Chillies (I) 17.Chillies (UI) 18.
Banana. 19. Soybean (introduced during
Kharif 2006).
During Rabi 2005-06 (10) crops were
covered viz. 1. Rice. 2. Jowar (UI) 3.
Maize 4. Greengram 5. Blackgram 6.
Groundnut 7. Sunflower 8. Chillies 9.
Onion 10. Mango.
27
Bengalgram is introduced during Rabi
2006-07.
Farmers Covered:
All farmers who are availing crop loan for
the notified crops from Commercial, Co.opervative and Grameena Banks may be
covered. Insurance premium is compulsory
for all Loanee Farmers and voluntary for
Non-Loanee Farmers. 10% subsidy on
premium to small and marginal farmers
during Kharif 2006 season.
National
Agricultural
Insurance Scheme
Mandal or group of
Mandals
as
insurance
unit
having an area of
2000 ha (5000 ac)
Agriculture
Department;
44
recommendations are already implemented
and one recommendation on ATM is under
implementation.
Agriculture Technology Management
Agency (ATMA)
Govt. of India approved implementation of
the centrally sponsored scheme “Support
to State Extension Programme for
Extension Reforms” during the X Plan
Period. The scheme shall be implemented
through an autonomous District level
institution to be established by the state in
the form of an Agricultural Technology
Management Agency (ATMA). Govt. of
Andhra Pradesh identified six new districts
for coverage under the scheme in addition
to the existing four districts. Existing
Pilot project Village as
insurance Unit
Village or group of
villages as insurance
unit having 100 ha (250
ac) implemented during
kharif-2005 and kharif2006 only.
Implemented in all Only five districts with
districts of the State one crop per district as
for the notified crops detailed below
in notified areas as Prakasam - Redgram
detailed above.
Kadapa - Groundnut
Anantapur - Groundnut
Mahabubnagar - Castor
Karimnagar - Maize
Soybean has been included in 4 districts Viz.,
Adilabad, Nizamabad, Medak & Guntur from
Kharif 2006.
Bengalgram crop has been included in 7
districts
viz.
Guntur,
Mahaboobnagar,
Prakasam, Kurnool, Ananthapur, Kadapa and
Medak from Rabi-2007.
Districts Adilabad, Chittoor, Kurnool and
Prakasam New Districts Srikakulam, Krishna,
Ananthapur, Kadapa, Nizamabad, Rangareddy.
The following key reforms, in line with the
Policy Framework for Agriculture
Extension (PFAE) are being promoted
under the scheme







New institutional arrangements
Convergence of line departments
Multi Agency Extension Strategies
Broad-Based extension delivery
Group Approach to extension
Gender Concerns
Sustainability of Extension Services
An amount of Rs. 179.80 lakhs was
released for ATMA. The Govt. of India
has sanctioned Rs.8.00 crores under the
Prime Minister’s Special Package to
prevent suicide of farmers for a period of 3
years. During the current year an amount
of Rs. 2.88 crores shall be utilized.
Agricultural Technology Mission
(ATM)
Agricultural
Technology
Mission
constituted w.e.f. 15/1/2006 under the
chairman ship of Hon’ble Chief Minister
on the lines of Planning Commission of
India with a deputy Chairman and five full
time members representing various
sectors. The ATM’s approach shall be
holistic as it covers problems of all the
sectors viz., Agriculture, Dairy, Poultry,
Fisheries, Sericulture, Horticulture, Water
conservation and Water Management in a
Progress of NAIS is shown in Annexure
5.15.
Commission on Farmers Welfare:
In
G.O.Rt.No.942,
Agriculture
&
Cooperation
(FP-II)
Department
dated.8/9/2004, Government Constituted a
Commission on Farmer’s Welfare under
the Chairmanship of Prof. Jayathi Ghosh
to examine the circumstances leading to
the suicides of farmers and to submit its
recommendations.
Accordingly,
the
Commission has already submitted its
report. Government has approved all the
major
recommendations
of
the
Commission.
So far out of the 45 recommendations
made by the Commission pertaining to
28
sustainable and equitable basis so as to
achieve atleast 4% compounded annual
growth rate for all these sectors
collectively as most of these sectors are
inter dependent on each other.
Strategy
for
the
Agricultural
Technology Mission
provide interface between department
officers, scientists and farmers for
accelerating the growth and make
agriculture an economically viable
activity. CRGs are formed for Paddy,
Groundnut,
Cotton
&
Crop
Diversification. Main functions of CRGs
are as below:
 Agro-climatic zone-based policy making and
decision support.
 Farming system approach - The State as a
giant farm.
 Demand driven as opposed to supply driven
approach.
 Agriculture to be run as an enterprise to give
better returns to investment on a sustainable
basis.
 Focus on farm and crop diversification
 PPP through contract farming, buy-back
arrangements, investments in storage / cold
storages, marketing extension etc.
 An action plan to be prepared with
o Defined destination
o Quantified and deliverable outputs
o Milestones and signposts.






During the year 2005-06 an amount of Rs.
100.00 lakhs was released under ATM has
been allocated to all the Districts for
conduct of Rythu Sadassus as per the
G.O.Ms.No. 413 dt. 1/6/2005.
World Trade Organization (WTO) Cell:
Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh has
inaugurated the WTO Cell on 3rd
November 2005 at the office of
Commissioner & Director of Agriculture.

Fine-tuning crop management in small fields
Bridging the gaps in potential and actual
yields
Evolving of appropriate crop diversification
strategies in rain fed areas and precarious
water sources
Developing Integrated Crop Management
Program (ICPM) strategies towards optimum
usage of chemical pesticides and fertilizers &
efficient use of water
Identification of production constraints in
major crops in each district, and suggest crop
specific
interventions
for
productivity
enhancement, quality improvement, pest and
disease control, cost reduction etc.
Providing a single window delivery system of
information to farmers about input availability
suitable
crop
varieties,
production
technologies, market news, Quality norms
(FAQs) etc.
Monitoring and evaluating information
disseminated from the feedback obtained from
farmers as a means of technology assessment
and to improve a particular technology.
Polam Badi Program (Farmers Field
School):
Annual crop losses due to pests in India
amount to Rs.90,000 crores, rejection of
Indian Agriculture exports by overseas
customers because of high pesticide
residues amount to Rs.4,000 crores
annually, health hazards due to chemical
pesticides, deaths due to pesticide
poisoning (25,000-30,000 per year
globally), development of incurable
diseases like cancer and neurological
disorders, presence of dichloro diphenyl
trichloroethane (DDT) residues in
mothers milk, cases of
suicides by
farmers due to chemical pesticides are
unable to control pests, resurgence of
pests, out break of secondary pests etc.
To mitigate the above, Govt. of Andhra
Pradesh has been implementing the
POLAM BADI (Farmers Field School) in
which emphasis has been laid on taking up
of eco-friendly measures - bio-agents and
The main objective of the WTO Cell is to
create awareness among the farming
community on WTO aspects and preparing
them to meet challenges of WTO.
Activities Taken during 2005-06
A One-day workshop on WTO and its
implications on Agriculture was organized
to 30 representatives of farmers
organizations in the State at the office of
Commissioner of Agriculture on 30th
November 2005.
A one-day interactive Workshop on WTO
and its implications on Agriculture were
conducted with all the Joint Directors of
Agriculture of the State on 31st January
2006 at SAMETI, Hyderabad.
Crop Resource Groups (CRG)
Crop resource groups are formed to
strengthen research extension and to
29
 Reclamation of Problematic soils to restore the
productivity
 Natural Resource Management through watershed
approach for agricultural land development and
environmental stability
 Calamity Management in the event of drought,
floods, hailstorms etc.
 Promoting cultivation of low risk and low cost
intensive crops
 Farm Mechanization for item and cost effective
farming practices
 Promoting Farmers Organization (Rythu Mitra
Groups) for technical and monitory benefits in
Agriculture and allied activities
 Facilitate the farmer to avail Agriculture Credit.
 Women Empowerment and gender balance
 Provide day-to-day information to farmer on crop
production, input supply and marketing through
Internet Services.
bio-pesticides for control of crop pests,
which in turn will reduce cost of
cultivation and improve the quality of
produce, resulting high market price and
good returns. It will also leads to
controlling health hazards to the living
entity by preserving the natural ecosystem.
Table 5.6
Polam Badi during 2006-07
Kharif 2006
Polam Badi
Polam Badi - I
Polam Badi -I
through Farmer
Facilitator
Polam Badi -II
Polam Badi -III
Grand Total
Release
(Rs. Lakhs)
Target (Nos)
Ach.
(Nos)
Rabi
2006-07
(Program)
1161
1081
1044
1056
974
893
1062
2154
5433
973
2008
5036
895
1885
4717
908.54
Allot.
999.09
Highlights of 2005-06
 27% increase in Food production over 2004-05.
 Seed village programme implemented in 12,997
ha. as against 2,146 ha. during 2004-05. (6.7 lakh
Qtls, seed produced).
 6,589 Farmers field schools organized as against
706 during 2004-05.
 Pesticide Consumption 1,675 M.Ts - Brought
down by 40%.
 11080 Vermicompost Units established as
against 1800 units during 2004-05.
 14,392 - System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
Demonstrations as against 644 during 2004-05.
 Crop diversification in 3.85 lakh ha. by replacing
cotton, chillies, tobacco and paddy with pulses
and oilseeds.
 Farm implements distributed - 55,000 units (15%
increase).
 Facilitated in sanction of Rs. 13,306 crores of
Agril. Credit (crop loan).
 WTO & Gender Cell established in Agril.
Department.
 17 New Fertilizer testing labs and 19 New Seed
Testing Labs established under Single Window
Lab Concept.
 Pesticide coding centre established.
 A.P. State Bio Fertilizer Act 2005 passed in
Legislative Assembly.
Source: - Agriculture Department
Mission and Strategies
The major concern is to improve the farm
incomes both in absolute terms and as a
percentage of Gross State Domestic
Product (GSDP).
The Department of
Agriculture is therefore working with a
mission of “Sustainable Agricultural
Production with minimum cost of
cultivation, eventually enhancing returns to
the farmer”.
In the process of making the mission a
reality, the department is adopting
following strategies:
 Re-engineering extension approach for effective
extension reach
 Empowering the farmer with advance agricultural
practices
 Capacity enhancement of Departmental Staff for a
efficient extension of technology
 Ensuring timely input supply
 Regulation of inputs and quality control
 Soil test based fertilizer recommendation
 Promotion of self-reliance in seed production
among farmers
 Promotion of Integrated Crop Management
through INM, IPM, efficient water management,
etc.
 Promotion of organic farming to meet the demand
of World Market
 Correcting Micronutrient Zinc deficiency
Rythu Chaitanya Yatras
Rythu Chaitanya Yatras were organized
from 2nd April to 20th April 2006 to
educate farmers on latest technology in
Agriculture and allied subjects. More than
22 lakh farmers were trained. Ten allied
Departments participated in Rythu
Chaitanya Yatra. The group of Agriculture
and Allied Departments’ officers at
Mandal level visited 54702 hamlets and
30
conducted training programmes to train the
farmers on Technology gaps and educate
them on various government Programmes
and Schemes. Focus was to increase the
net income of farmers by reducing cost of
cultivation.
Rythu Sadassus (Agricultural
Exhibitions)
In all 79 Rythu Sadassus were organized at
the Revenue divisional level for one day
each from 3rd May to 6th May, 2006 to
focus on strength of Agriculture and allied
fields, so that they can take full advantage
of the exhibitions, lecturers, interactions
and demonstrations. More than 3 lakh
farmers participated in the Sadassus.
National Workshops
National Workshops were organized
separately one each for Cotton, Groundnut,
Castor, Rice, Maize and Pulses at the
Centre for Good Governance, Hyderabad
between 27th February and 25th March
2006 for evolving strategies for sustainable
production.
Crop Resource Groups and Experts from
National
Research
Institutes
and
ANGRAU including ICRISAT have
participated and framed recommendations.
Pre-seasonal Trainings
About 75,000 farmers were given
preseasonal training in Polambadi, Seed
Village and Vermicompost programmes.
Agro-Seva Kendra’s
361 Agro-Seva Kendra’s are opened to
serve the farming community during the
year and another 40 Kendras have been
sanctioned in various districts.
Rythu Polallo Sastravethalu: 2 to 3
Scientists were deployed for each
Assistant Director of Agriculture (ADA)
Division to visit farmers fields and
diagnose field problems encountered by
farmers
and
give
suitable
recommendations then and there for
enhancing the productivity and growing
environment friendly and is established
healthy crops. Thus there will be a direct
link between Extension Functionaries,
Farmers and Scientists through this
programme. The lab to land technology is
disseminated
fastly
through
this
Programme.
Preparation of Village Action Plan
The planning process for deciding on a
suitable cropping pattern and the extent
was organized on the basis of 327 farming
situations bifurcated from the 7 Agro
climatic zones in order to consider the
local variations in terms of soil, Irrigation,
land use potentials / problems. The Mandal
Agriculture Officers (MAOs) later
prepared village level action plans by
physical verification and benchmarking
the village status in terms of soils,
irrigation, seeds and other inputs etc.
These Village Action Plans were
computerized with the help of Centre for
Good Governance (CGG). These plans
were successively compiled at mandal,
district and state level. Thus the crop
production plan, input requirement etc.
were generated from grass root level with
a bottom-up approach to arrive at a plan of
greater accuracy.
Gender Cell
With the objective of promoting women
participation in Agriculture Development,
a Gender Cell with multifarious activities
is established and functioning at the
Commissionerate of Agriculture. The
achievements of the Gender Cell in Farm
Empowerment Programme during Kharif
2006-07 are shown above in Table 5.7.
Item
Vermicompost
Pulverizer
Polambadi
Gr-I
Farm
Implements
31
Table 5.7
Support Mechanism
Target Achiev
Remarks
ement
Nos.
Vermicompost
2204
1653
units are being
grounded
Indents placed and
1161
931
supply awaited
4334
1196
Being obtained
Establishment of District Soil Testing
Laboratories (STLs) under Single
Window Diagnostic Scheme
Nineteen District STLs are established in
the districts where the notified labs are not
existing by incurring expenditure of Rs.30,
63,335/-.
An amount of Rs.9.50 lakhs was incurred
towards recurring expenditure of these
(19) labs. These labs will take up analysis
of all the seed samples other than law
enforcement
samples.
Accordingly,
farmer, dealer, producer or any person
interested to know the status of seed lots
may able to analyse the seed lot by paying
Rs.50/Till date, 257 seed samples are received by
these labs under service & paid categories.
Functioning of DNA Fingerprinting Lab
To meet the challenge of regulating
genetic purity in the varieties, hybrids and
genetically modified seed, A.P State
Government taken up an initiative to
establish DNA Fingerprinting lab at
SAMETI, Old Malakpet, Hyderabad, first
time in the country to expedite the genetic
purity result in a week’s time with high
degree precision.
Prime Minister’s Package
Govt. of India has sanctioned an amount of
Rs.9,650.55 crores towards rehabilitation
Table 5.8
Physical and Financial components under the
Scheme
Amount
Units
Scheme
(Rs.
Crores)
Participatory Watershed
1440
432.00
Project
Watersheds
Check dams
24000 Nos.
480.00
Water
Harvesting
38400 Nos.
48.00
Structures(Farm Ponds)
Seed Replacement
24.29 lakh
470.18
qtls
Extension
Services
8 Districts.
8.00
(ATMA)
Total
1438.18
of farmers in 16 selected districts of A.P.
in order to curtail the suicide menace by
distressed farmers.
The schemes covered under Department of
Agriculture along with the physical and
financial components are shown in Table
5.8.
***
CO-OPERATION
5.2 The Department of Cooperation is mainly
to
administer
Cooperative
Laws,
governing the Cooperative Societies. The
year 2005 was celebrated as 100th year of
Co-operative Movement through out the
Country. Further, every year Co-operative
week is being celebrated starting from
November 14th, to embark on creating
proper understanding of the co-operatives
duly highlighting the achievements and
thus finally to winning their favour, which
ultimately promotes the cooperative
movement. This is expected to be achieved
with the understanding of various
activities.
This year, the 53rd All India Co-operative
Week was celebrated from 14th to 20th
November 2006. As a part of this program,
seminars have been organized on
important issues. Profile of Co-operative
societies in the state is shown in Annexure
5.16.
Rural Credit Cooperatives:
The Rural Credit Cooperative structure at
present is 3 tier with Andhra Pradesh State
Cooperative Bank at the Apex Level,
District Cooperative Central Banks
(DCCBs) at the District level and Primary
Agricultural Credit Cooperatives at the
village level. A.P. State Cooperative Bank
has provided Rs.2,271.62 Crores (Kharif
Rs.1,353.52 Crores and Rabi Rs.918.10
Crores) as production credit to the farmers
through the Primaries and Central
Cooperatives in 2004-05, Kisan Credit
Cards have been issued to 41.02 lakh
farmer members of the PACS and
investment credit disbursed in the same
year for Rs.195.61 Crores for minor
irrigation,
drip
irrigation,
farm
mechanization, dairy etc. The total
deposits mobilized by APCOB and
DCCBs are Rs.4,087.27 Crores as on
November, 2005. Relief to farmers
affected by drought and other natural
disasters has been provided. The long
32
pending reorganization of PACS has been
completed for making them viable based
on the recommendations of the taskforce
headed by Prof. Vaidyanathan constituted
for suggesting on the reorganization of
Cooperative Societies. The PACS have
now been reorganized from 4,465 to 2,940.
Cooperative Tribunals:
Two
Cooperative
Tribunals
were
constituted at Hyderabad and Vijayawada
during 1993 and two more at Warangal
and Visakhapatnam during 2003 with
appellate jurisdiction over the orders
passed under A.P.C.S. Act and original
jurisdiction was AP MACS Act, 1995 to
render speedy and effective justice to the
affected parties. There are 1,439 cases
pending disposal.
Audit:
A separate Audit Wing headed by Chief
Auditor is functioning for causing Audit of
Societies. Every society is responsible for
maintaining accounts and is required to get
their accounts audited every year. The
audit shall be completed within a period of
6 months from the close of cooperative
year and audit certificate shall be issued
before the end of the succeeding
cooperative year.
Heads of concerned Departments are
designated as “Functional Registrars” and
conferred with the powers of Registrar of
Cooperative Societies on the Cooperatives
that fall within their jurisdiction.
Marketing Cooperative Societies:
There are 22 District Cooperative
Marketing Societies, which undertake
procurement of agricultural produce to
enable the agriculturists to get the
minimum administered prices for their
produce. They also supply fertilizers,
pesticides and consumer goods to farmers.
MARKFED:
MARKFED was established in 1957 as
apex organization for the Cooperative
Marketing Societies supplying agricultural
inputs like fertilizers, gypsum, etc. The
total turnover of all the District
Cooperative Marketing Societies during
2005-06 was Rs.72.68 crores, whereas the
turnover of APMARKFED was Rs.248
crores.
A.P. State Cooperative Union:
To improve and update the knowledge of
the Cooperative employees, elected office
bearers of the societies, and the members
of the societies, the Department provides
training through Institute of Cooperative
Management (ICM) at Rajendranagar and
A.P. State Cooperative Union at
Hyderabad. There are 6 other Cooperative
Training Centers (CTCs) working under
the supervision of A.P. State Cooperative
Union to provide education and training in
Cooperatives. A monthly magazine by
name “Sahakara Samacharam” is being
published by the Cooperative Union to
ensure the requisite publicity and
propaganda of Cooperative principles and
Cooperative movement.
A.P. Rural Irrigation Cooperative
Corporation:
The A.P. Rural Irrigation Cooperative
Corporation
Ltd.,
Hyderabad
was
registered in 1981 to serve the objective of
undertaking drilling of in well bores for
small and marginal farmers belonging to
SC, ST and other weaker sections and to
augment irrigation facilities. Since 199596 the federation had diversified its
activities such as drilling of 6-½ surfaces
bore wells.
Rural Electrical Cooperative Societies:
Nine Rural Cooperative Electrical
Societies are operating in 52 Mandals,
covering 1,163 villages in the State. Out of
the above, 5 societies have been liquidated
by the Public Enterprises Department. The
working 4 Rural Electrical Cooperative
societies are under the Chairmanship of
official Person-In-Charge / Joint Collector
of the concerned District. These societies
purchase electricity in bulk from A.P.
TRANSCO and A.P. GENCO and
distribute to agricultural and domestic
consumers in its area of operation. The
total number of connections under
operation is 7,06,427.
Initiatives:
33
Integrated Co-operative Development
Project (ICDP):
The National Co-operative Development
Corporation (NCDC), New Delhi has
envisaged
providing
infrastructure
facilities like godown, storage facilities,
etc. for the societies for development of
agricultural and allied sectors through
ICDP.
This
project
is
under
implementation since 1989 in A.P. This
project already covered 6 districts viz.,
East Godavari, Nizamabad Phase-I,
Krishna, Kurnool, Nalgonda and Chittoor
and now under implementation in Guntur,
Nizamabad Phase-II, Visakhapatnam,
Medak, Warangal and Nellore. NCDC
approved implementation plans further in
9 districts; Srikakulam, Vizianagaram,
West Godavari, Kadapa, Mahaboobnagar,
Anantapur, Adilabad, Karimnagar and
Ranga Reddy districts.
Disbursements 2005-06 Short Term
(Crop) Loans:
An amount of Rs.1,786.50 Crores had
been disbursed by the DCCBs and GCC
during the Kharif, 2005 season as against
the target of Rs.2,000 Crores, attaining
89.33% of achieving the target fixed.
During Kharif, 2004 season an amount of
Rs.1,353.52 Crores was disbursed.
Achievement during Kharif, 2005 over
previous season is 32 percent. Unfulfilled
portion of the target for 2005-06 is to be
made good during the Rabi, 2005-06
season, so as to achieve the annual target
of Rs.2,860 Crores under crop loans for
2005-06.
Long Term Loans:
Loaning Programme 2005-06:
APCOB entrusted a loaning programme of
Rs.460.50 Crores for disbursement of
Long Term credit loans, including for Self
Help Groups (SHGs) and Rythu Mitra
Groups (RMGs) for the year 2005-06.
Loans to the tune of Rs.57.29 Crores have
been disbursed up to the end of October
2005 for various purposes like Minor
Irrigation, Farm mechanization, Dairy,
Horticulture, A.P.Micro Irrigation Project,
Fisheries etc.
Weavers Finance:
i. Weavers finance through DCCBs:
APCOB sanctioned a limit of Rs.52.06
Crores to DCCBs for financing the
working capital requirement of Primary
Weavers Co-operative Societies for
production and marketing of cloth (Cotton
PWCS-Rs.36.30
Crores
+
Silk
PWCSRs.15.76 Crores).
ii. Finance to APCO:
APCOB has extended direct finance to
APCO to an extent of Rs.50.00 Crores for
procurement and marketing of cloth and
for procurement and supply of yarn. An
amount of Rs.48.50 Crores is sanctioned
towards Yarn Credit.
Other Non-Agriculture Loans:
i. Loans to DCCBs:
APCOB provided loans to a tune of
Rs.75.33 Lakhs under Non-Farm Sector
(NFS) and Rs.34.11 Lakhs under Rural
Housing Scheme (RHS) during the year
2005-06.
ii. Finance to Sugar Factories:
APCOB is extending finance to Sugar
Factories and has sanctioned pledge limits
to the tune of Rs.285 Crores to (11) Cooperative Sugar Factories in the State.
***
HORTICULTURE
5.3 Andhra Pradesh with its bountiful natural
features and favourable policy initiatives
deserves prime attention and efforts to
carry the sector in the right direction.
Needless to say, the potential for the sector
in the state is immense and provides the
right platform for working towards the
objectives envisaged by Government of
Andhra Pradesh.
Horticulture is a significant contributor to
the economy for its encompassing benefits
not only in the agriculture sector per se but
for its wider applications and benefits in
improving the rural livelihood through
improved nutrition, sustainable farming,
employment generation, etc. The sector is
a critical component in the envisaged
Evergreen Revolution.
34
papaya, chillies, turmeric and oil palm, 2nd
in tomato, and coriander, 3rd in
pomegranate, 4th in tapioca, bendi and
grapes, 5th in banana, sapota and onion.
(National Horticulture Board data base
2005).
The area under Horticulture has increased
from 3.70 lakh ha. during 1982 to 16.49
lakh ha. by 2005-06. Details of area and
production are shown in Annexure 5.17.
The
Horticulture
Department
was
separated from Agricultural Department in
the year 1982 and at that time the budget
of department was a mere Rs.0.85 crores
and the area under Horticulture was only
3.70 lakh ha.
Programmes and Performance during
2006-07 (October 2006)
 To implement different programmes for
the development of Horticulture under
State Horticulture Mission, State Plan
schemes and Andhra Pradesh Micro
Irrigation Project (APMIP) an amount of
Rs.27,934.89 lakhs is provided for 200607.
 The major schemes implemented by the
Department of Horticulture and progress
as on date (31.10.2006) is as follows:
A.P. Micro Irrigation Project:
 Govt.
of
Andhra
Pradesh has
launched the Micro Irrigation Project for
encouraging micro irrigation on 3rd
November 2003 for conservation of
precious ground water resources and
utilization of less power. The objective
of the project is for effective water
management (water saving and water use
efficiency) in the backdrop of continuous
droughts. The total project is estimated
with an outlay of Rs.1,250 crores to
cover an area of 2.50 lakh ha.
 During 2006-07 an area of 33047 ha. is
brought under drip/sprinkler irrigation as
against the target of 1.20 lakh ha. (upto
end of October 2006)
Development of Fruits:
 A large number of tropical and subtropical fruits like mango, citrus, banana,
guava etc. are grown in the state. The
scheme is implemented to step up the
Horticulture crops cover a wide variety of
fruits, vegetables, spices, medicinal &
aromatic plants, floriculture, mushrooms,
plantation crops and oil palm etc.
 Provide a remunerative means for
diversification of land use for
improving productivity and returns
 Provides nutritional security
 Increases
employment
opportunities
 Provide raw material for growing
agro – processing industries
 Earns valuable foreign exchange.
Horticulture development is one of the
thrust areas for Government of Andhra
Pradesh and number of programmes were
implemented resulting in the generation of
higher incomes in the rural areas,
improving the quality of life in villages to
bridge the gap that exists in access to
education, health and other services
between rural and urban areas and creates
gainful employment opportunities on a self
sustaining basis.
Andhra Pradesh Ranks 1st in area and 2nd
in production under total fruits and Ranks
1st in production and 3rd in area under total
spices.
Fruits
Spices
Table 5.9
Horticulture Crops
Area
Crop
in ha.
680084
339303
Production in
Mt.
8409279
1021619
Plantation Crops
316418
324997
Vegetables
265250
4065327
Tuber Crops
23621
470314
Flowers (Loose Flowers)
14287
79788
Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants
Cut Flowers
7976
15611
1798
-
Total
1648737
14386934
and 1202
Million
coconuts&
88.50 Lakh
Nos cut
flowers
Source: - Horticulture Department
Crop-wise, Andhra Pradesh Ranks 1st in
production of mango, mosambi, lime,
35
production & productivity of fruit crops,
providing elite plant material, to improve
the quality and productivity of banana by
encouraging tissue culture banana
cultivation, to create awareness /
educating the farmers on new
technologies evolved in fruit crop
cultivation etc. During the year (Up to
the end of October 2006) an area of
23,990 ha. is covered as against target of
30,271 ha. under different fruit crops.
Cashew:
 One of the major issues which needs to
be addressed immediately is resurrecting
the area now occupied by unthrifty
plantations of seedlings origin. Hence
cultivation of Cashew is being
encouraged on a large scale with high
yielding grafts and strains / selections.
Cashew is a dollar-earning crop. Hence
the cashew cultivation is promoted in an
area of 1,580 ha., as against a target of
2,311 Ha.
Cocoa:
 There is huge requirement of cocoa by
the Chocolate Industry. There are also
fluctuations in market prices in coconut
due to cyclones and eriophyid mite
attack. Hence, there is a need to
encourage biodiversity in Coconut
gardens through multiple cropping with
cocoa. The strategy is to expand the area
under cocoa into the non-traditional
areas i.e. irrigated coconut farms for
increased income levels to growers
through increased land productivity
(cocoa output is incremental, being an
inter crop). So far (Up to the end of
October 2006) an area of 891 ha. is
covered as against target of 2,250 ha.
Coconut:
 Coconut palm, a versatile tree forms an
important component in the socioeconomic and cultural life of every
household. The coconut is one of the
important crops in our state.
 The Department of Horticulture is
conducting awareness programmes on
crop diversification, inter cropping and
promotion of vermicomposting etc.,
 So
far (Up to the end of October 2006)
an area of 245 ha, 68 D Plots and 28
Vermi compost units covered.
Control of Eriophyid mite damage in
coastal districts:
 In Andhra Pradesh, Coconut crop is
being cultivated in an area of 1.05 lakh
hectares spread out in all coastal
districts.
 Almost all coconut palms are infected by
eriophyid mite resulting in drastic
reduction in yields and marketable value.
 Hence the control of eriophyid mite is
being taken up by recommending the
adoption of technologies i.e., root
feeding
with
azadirachtin
1%
formulation and organic culture for the
management of eriophyid mite.
 An amount of Rs 755.78 lakhs has been
provided during 2006-07 for pending
payments of control of eriophyid mite
scheme.
Vegetable Development:
 Vegetables play a crucial role in making
available adequate quantity of nutrition
in the human diet. The per capita
availability is less as against the
prescribed requirement of 200 gms. per
person per day.
 In order to increase availability of
vegetables,
the
Department
of
Horticulture is supplying hybrid
vegetable seed besides organizing
training progrmmes to the farmers.
Distribution of hybrid seeds is gaining
momentum in enriching the vegetable
production/industry. There is a need to
sensitize the issue and more popularize
the use of hybrid seed for higher
productivity and production. So far (Up
to the end of October 2006) hybrid
vegetable seed is supplied to cover an
area of 14,875 ha. and 344 “D” Plots.
Spices:
 Andhra Pradesh occupies 1st rank in
Chillies and Turmeric in area,
production
and
productivity.
Considerable increase in productivity of
spices has been reported in research
stations. The need of the hour is
36
effective transfer of technology to the
progressive farmers. Under the scheme,
it is proposed to supply quality planting
materials and other post harvest
infrastructure requirements to reduce
the post harvest losses. So far (Up to the
end of October 2006) an area of 7,435
ha. has been covered.
Commercial Floriculture:
 Floriculture sector has been identified as
most focused segment of Horticulture.
There is much more income to the
farmers from flower cultivation due to
growing demand for flowers in domestic
and export market beside generating
employment.
 During 2006-07, (Up to the end of
October 2006) 1,205 ha. were covered
under loose flowers cultivation . Under
green houses, 7,480 Sq mts were
supplied for production of high value
flowers like carnations, gerbera,
anthurium, etc. under controlled
conditions with an objective to explore
the export potential.
Landscape and Ornamental Gardening:
 Development of model landscape garden
to transform the urban environment into
pollution free and pleasant surroundings.
To give a thrust to this activity, an
innovative program has been developed
by the Horticulture Department. The
major programmes under this sector are
revitalization of Public Garden. The hard
landscape works and the soft landscape
activities are under progress.
Leaf / Soil / Water Analysis:
 1,183 samples were collected, analyzed
and recommend corrective measures for
application of optimum inputs.
Organic farming/Integrated Pest
Management (IPM)/Integrated
Nutrient Management (INM):
 896 Nos. of vermicompost units were
sanctioned and set up including Oilpalm,
Coconut and fruit gardens besides
encouraging adoption of organic farming
practices.
 Under
various fruit crops 17,847 ha.
were covered so far.
Mushrooms Development:
 Mushrooms are rich in proteins, vitamins
and minerals. The oyster mushroom and
paddy straw mushroom are cultivated in
the un-organized sector and is in need of
seed/spawn material. The Department of
Horticulture has set up 6 Nos. mushroom
labs in the state and they will produce
and supply the spawn/seed material to
the entrepreneurs. During the year the
laboratories are strengthened with
additional equipment with an estimated
cost of Rs.2.00 lakhs and 1,499 kgs. of
spawn was supplied as against 7000 kgs
target. 170 trainings were organized as
against 294 trainings proposed during
2006-07 (Up to the end of October
2006).
Popularization of New Technologies
Post Harvest Management (PHM):
 The Post Harvest Management of the
horticulture produce is a continuous
process with the active participation of
the researcher, development worker,
extension agencies, farmer and the end
users. Unlike the expenditure on crop
production which is annual, the
expenditure on infrastructural facilities
for post harvest operations is a one time
capital
investment
which
once
undertaken, would give recurring annual
returns in the form of savings from post
harvest loss reduction.
 The
horticulture crops like fruits,
vegetables and flowers were highly
perishable in nature and requires special
attention with respect to their harvesting,
handling, packaging, storage and
processing operations. Experts say that
there are losses to the extent of 10% at
field level, 5% at transport, 2% at
packing, 9% at storage, 4% at processing
i.e. 30% in total. Keeping in view the
above facts, the department is
concentrating on development of post
harvest infrastructure and intensive
training programmes on PHM of
horticulture crops. 59,198 nos. Plastic
37
crates, 6,087 sprayers, 6,636 poly sheets
and 570 harvesters were distributed to
the farmers (Up to the end of October
2006).
 Govt.
of Andhra Pradesh and Govt. of
India jointly has set up 4 Agri. Export
Zones in the State. The Horticulture
Development Agency is the nodal
agency for Agri. Export Zones,
Hyderabad (Fresh Mango & Grapes in
the district of Ranga Reddy, Medak,
Mahabubnagar
&
Hyderabad),
Vijayawada (Mango-Krishna District)
and Gherkins in the districts of
Mahabubnagar, Ranga Reddy, Medak,
Warangal, Anantapur and Nalgonda.
 The
Andhra
Pradesh
Industrial
Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC) is the
nodal agency for Agri. Export Zone,
Chittoor (Mango pulp and fresh &
Processed vegetables - Chittooor district)
and project proposal for 5th Agri Export
Zone was finalized to setup in Kadapa
for Mango, Krishnapuram Onion. The
objective of Agri. Export Zone is to
boost exports and encourage private
investment. So far, Rs.19.46 crores of
Grapes, Rs.8.377 crores Mango fresh
fruits, Rs.99.00 crores Chillies, Rs.78.37
crores Gherkins, Rs.300.10 crores
Mango
Pulp,
Rs.100.00
crores
Pomegrante, Rs.156.13 crores Fresh &
Processed Vegetables, Rs. 13.17 crores
Guava Pulp, Rs.5.00 crores Pineapple
Pulp and Rs.25.75 crores K.P. Onion
were exported. Details are shown in
Annexure 5.18.
Information Technology and Data
Management:
 Information Technology is the key to all
round economic development for
effective
communication.
The
department is connected to APSWAN
and receiving data online through dialup
network from district officer/offices.
The Department has taken up developed
software packages for compiling area
and production of horticulture crops, list
of seed supplying agencies, list of drip &
sprinkler manufacturing units, list of
cold storage, processing units, etc.
Horticulture Training Institute:
 The
Andhra Pradesh Horticulture
Training Institute was established in the
Oil Palm Development:
Pradesh stands 1st in area,
production and productivity under
Oilpalm. An area of 4.10 lakh ha. has
been identified as the potential area for
oilpalm cultivation in 11 districts i.e. 9
coastal
districts,
Chittoor
in
Rayalaseema region and Khammam in
Telengana region. In the above 11
districts 322 mandals have been
identified as potential areas and out of
which 266 mandals were allotted as
factory zone to 13 public / private
entrepreneurs for establishment of
processing units. An area of 53,540 ha.
has been covered under oilpalm (upto
October 2006). Under the project,
assistance is provided towards plant
material, cultivation, micro irrigation and
inter crops besides organizing training
programmes.
 Andhra
 Two
oil palm seed gardens were
established in the state, one by
Department of Horticulture and another
in private sector. The seeds produced at
seed garden under the technical guidance
of National Research Centre (NRC)
oilpalm, Pedavegi Center in West
Godavari district and supplied to oilpalm
companies. Out of 13 registered
companies, 8 companies have already
established their processing units in the
factory zones allotted with a processing
capacity of 75 tons per hour. The
companies have buy back arrangements
for purchase of Fresh Fruit Bunches
(FFB’s) from the farmers in the factory
zone at the rate fixed by the
Government.
 During
the year so far (Up to the end of
October 2006) an area of 6,902 ha. has
been covered, 72 vermicompost units
were established, 5 trainings were
organized.
Agri Export Zones (AEZ):
38
year 2002 as there is need to impart the
knowledge
new
technologies
/
innovations to the stake holders (farmers,
extension
officers,
exporters
&
processors) which is identified as one of
the critical input for growth of
horticulture sector in the state. The
objectives are to identify the training
needs of the department, impart inservice training to the extension staff &
progressive horticulture farmers and to
provide professional training on value
added ornamental horticulture. During
the year up to the end of October 2006,
219
training
programmes
were
conducted. The department is also
conducting gardeners training course
certificate.
Food Processing Policy:
 Vide G.O.Ms. No.55, dt.5-3-2004 of
Industries and Commerce (C&EX)
Department Government issued orders
declaring the Department of Industries as
the nodal agency to administer the
scheme.
National Horticulture Mission - State
Horticulture Mission (SHM):
The Scheme on HRD and Tribal Areas and
Programmes under Macro Management
will be subsumed under National
horticulture Mission (NHM).
A. Sectors:
 Research
 Production and productivity
 Post harvest management
 Marketing / TSG
B. Focus districts:
I. Orginal Districts: (12 Nos)
1. Srikakulam 2. West Godavari 3.
Guntur 4. Prakasam 5. Kadapa 6.
Ananthapur
7.
Kurnool
8.
Mahabubnagar 9. Ranga Reddy 10.
Nizamabad 11. Khammam 12.
Nalgonda
II. Additional Districts: (6 Nos)
1. Nellore 2. Chittoor 3. Warangal 4.
Karimnagar 5. Adilabad 6. Medak
III. Total districts covered under SHM (18/23 Nos)
C. Focus Crops:
1. Mango 2. Sweet Orange 3. Sapota 4.
Pomegranate 5. Banana
6.
Papaya 7. Cashew 8. Loose Flowers 9.
Coriander 10. Turmeric.
D. Activities:
1.
Area
Expansion
2.
Rejuvenation/Replacement of senile
orchards 3. IPM/INM 4. Organic
Farming 5. Protected cultivation 6.
HRD 7. PHM 8. Technology
dissemination through demonstration.
***
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
5.4 Animal Husbandry is one of the rapidly
expanding sector playing a significant role
in the rural economy by providing gainful
employment to a large number of
small/marginal farmers and agricultural
labourers and raising their economic
status. The economic support programs
like distribution of Milch animals, sheep
and poultry units have come to the rescue
of the beneficiaries particularly Scheduled
Castes,
Scheduled
Tribes
and
economically backward sections of the
society.
The activities of the Animal Husbandry
Department have been oriented towards
health of livestock and increased
production of milk, meat and eggs and to
provide adequate bullock power for
agricultural operations. The schemes of
the Animal Husbandry Department have
been formulated in pursuance to the welllaid National policies to improve the
Livestock production, to fight protein
hunger and to improve nutritional
standards of human population and also
provide technical support for the
maintenance
and
improvement
of
livestock. Thus, Animal Husbandry
Department has been rendering the
services to all the sections of people, in
particular weaker sections of society and
playing a vital role in the rural
development by generating additional
source of income and employment and by
39
grant-in-aid to meet the expenditure for
implementation of the scheme covering 5.00 lakh
sheep during the year 2006-07.
protecting their valuable livestock.
Livestock population from 1956 to 2003
(Quinquennial Livestock Census) is shown
in Annexure 5.19.
Salient Features:
During 2005-06:
Animal Health Activities
The Animal Health activities play an
important role in the growth of Livestock
Industry,
since
the
livestock
production programs will not be successful
without providing necessary safe guards
against hazards of Animal diseases. The
department has taken up strengthening of
the existing institutions to improve the
quality of Animal Health Services by
providing facilities for surgery, disease
investigation and treatment and therefore
Poly Clinics were established at district
headquarters.
To organise effective Animal Health
Service, to support the production program
and prevention and control of livestock
diseases, every mandal has been provided
with a veterinary graduate.
Four types of regular institutions viz., 22
Veterinary Polyclinics, 281 Veterinary
Hospitals, 1,794 Veterinary Dispensaries
and 2,916 Rural Livestock Units are
functioning mainly to attend to animal
health needs through out the State. 618.41
Lakh cases were treated, 10.94 lakh
castrations were done and 839.85 lakh
vaccinations were conducted by these
institutions during the year 2005-06.
Proper diagnosis of disease is half the
treatment. Towards this end 22 Animal
Disease Diagnostic Laboratories (AHCs)
are functioning. 5.36 lakh specimens were
examined and 1.15 lakh various other tests
were conducted in these centers. Further
8.49 lakh specimens were also examined
in major institutions, where facilities are
available for immediate and quick tests of
clinical materials. Animal Husbandry
Institutions’ particulars are shown in
Annexure 5.20.
(i)Mass vaccination against Foot and Mouth
disease with Govt. of India assistance in
Chittoor, Ananthapur, Ranga Reddy and Medak
districts to capitalize export market.
(ii)To modernize Animal Vaccine production and
Disease Diagnostic Units, the Government has
sanctioned an amount of Rs.1,155.09 lakhs under
Rural Infrastructure Development Funds with
the financial loan assistance from the NABARD.
(iii)Establishing 15 Mobile Veterinary Clinics, in
addition to 26 Mobile Veterinary Clinics
established already with an outlay of Rs.167.00
Lakhs.
(iv)Supplying life saving drugs to livestock
belonging to tribal farmers with an outlay of
Rs.37.00 Lakhs.
(v)A programme of deworming the sheep belonging
to shepherds of all categories of farmers twice in
a year on free of cost basis was taken up during
the year, resulting in reduced early mortality and
improved growth rate due to increased disease
resistance in sheep,
During 2006-07:
(i) Entire sheep population in the State will be
insured on 50% subsidy basis. An amount of
Rs.2700 lakhs is allocated for this Scheme.
(ii) Government of India has sanctioned centrally
sponsored Livestock Insurance Scheme. Under
this scheme, productive milch cattle will be
insured on 50% subsidy basis. It is being
implemented in eight districts of the State. An
amount of Rs.489 lakhs is allocated for this
scheme.
(iii) With a view to extending the Veterinary
Services to every nook and corner of the State,
the Government has sanctioned 80 New
Veterinary Institutions viz. 66 Rural Livestock
Units, 14 Veterinary Dispensaries and upgradation of 5 existing Rural Livestock Units to
Veterinary Dispensaries.
(iv) Fodder Seed minikits on 75% subsidy basis
will be supplied to small and marginal farmers
and other weaker sections provided with milch
animals under poverty alleviation programmes.
This will enable them to raise sufficient fodder
for feeding their high productive livestock. An
amount of Rs.317 lakhs is allocated for the
scheme.
(v)The Central Wool Development Board has
sanctioned Sheep and Wool Improvement
Scheme under integrated wool improvement
programme in Andhra Pradesh. The Board has
sanctioned an amount of Rs.153.50 lakhs as
Veterinary
Hyderabad
Biological
Research
Institute,
There are two divisions in the Institute,
Biological Products Division and Disease
Investigation Division. Each division is
functioning under the control of separate
Joint Directors.
40
Biological Products Division
Objectives
1. To produce different vaccines with proven
immunogenicity for livestock and poultry.
2. Large-scale manufacture of vaccines for
livestock and poultry.
3. To develop/adopt new techniques in the
manufacture of Biologicals in bulk quantities.
4. To boost the economy of the farmer community
by protecting the livestock wealth against
onslaught of contagious diseases.
5.To boost the economy of the poultry farmers by
protecting the poultry against the various
contagious poultry diseases.
meet the increasing demands of coastal
districts. During the year 2005-06, 235.24
lakh doses of various types of vaccines
have been produced by this institute.
Government Livestock Farms
To support the cattle development
activities in the state, for producing
pedigree bulls, the department has
established Cattle Breeding Farms at
suitable places in the State.
At present 9 Farms and one Fodder Seed
Multiplication Farm are functioning under
the control of this department. The details
of livestock maintained by the 9
Government Livestock Farms are shown in
Table 5.10.
To prevent the losses of valuable livestock
due to various diseases, supply of vaccine
to the institutions to protect the livestock is
essential. The Veterinary Biological
Research institute is the main source in the
State for the production of Viral and
Biological Vaccines and is producing (9)
types of viral and bacterial vaccines.
During the year 2005-06, 490.54 lakh
doses of various types of vaccines have
been produced by this institute.
Table 5.10
Livestock in Government Farms
2006-07
2004- 2005Breed
(up to 30-92005
2006
2006)
Exotic
Jersey
25
14
14
Cross Breed
113
128
126
Work Cattle
18
12
20
Disease Investigation Wing
Total
156
162
152
Indigenous
Ongole
543
447
471
Tharparker
16
2
2
Deoni
26
30
19
Total
585
479
492
Murrah
251
250
241
Poni
2
--Grand Total
994
891
885
Source: - Animal Husbandry Department
Control and elimination of disease depends
upon prompt and correct diagnosis of the
disease. The team of Disease Investigation
Officers and subject matter specialists
have attended to this important item of
work under the supervision and direction
of the Joint Director.
Objectives:
1. Disease diagnosis and investigation of disease
conditions among livestock, sheep, goats,
canines, pigs, poultry.
2. To collect the epidemiological data of the
disease occurrences in the State, analyse the
findings and take measures for control and
eradication.
3. To attend outbreaks, notifying areas, advising
the field staff for intensive follow-up in tackling
the disease occurrences and collection of
relevant materials for laboratory diagnosis and
suggesting measures for the containment of the
diseases.
4. Undertaking research problems pertaining to the
field problems.
During the year 2005-06, 82 breeding bulls
were supplied to the Frozen Semen Bull
Stations/ farmers.
Frozen Semen Bull Stations, District
Semen Depots
Livestock Production can be achieved only
by practice of utilisation of proper bulls of
high genetic value. To achieve bullock
power it is necessary to develop
indigenous breeds and introduction of
germ plasm of good milch breeds is
essential in our local non-descriptive cows
and buffaloes for enhancement of milk
production.
This objective can only be achieved in a
wider area within minimum possible
period through Artificial Insemination. As
Veterinary Biological Research Unit, Samalkot
In addition to the above, there is a Mini
Vaccine Production unit at Samalkot, East
Godavari district, which is functioning to
41
per the livestock census 2003, Andhra
Pradesh has 29.24 lakhs of white and
59.22 lakhs of buffalo breedable
population. This raw material is used for
crossbreeding by exotic cattle like Jersey
and Holstein Friesian (H.F.) in case of
white cattle and Murrah in case of
buffaloes for upgrading to increase the
production potential in progeny.
Frozen Semen Technology has been
extended throughout the State to effect
rapid improvement in Progeny born to
these breedable population by using
superior germ plasm and also improving
the feeding and managemental practices by
propagating improved varieties of feed and
fodder.
Frozen Semen Technology in the State has
also sufficient improvement in the
production of frozen semen, establishing
Young
Bull
Training
Centres,
establishment of Liquid Nitrogen Plants,
District Frozen Semen Depots.
The
Regional Artificial Insemination Training
Centres are being continued to train the
field personal in handling of frozen semen
in the field.
Presently there are 4,834 Departmental
Frozen Semen Centres in Animal
Husbandry Department, out of them 2,885
are having mobile facility. In addition
there are 46 Other Departmental Centres,
1,710 Private Artificial Insemination
Practitioners (Gopalamitras), 109 centres
under
Bharatiya
Agro
Industries
Foundation (BAIF), 196 Centres under
Andhra Pradesh Dairy Development
Cooperative Federation, and 6 Other
Centres, in total 6,901 Centres are
functioning for which frozen semen and
Liquid Nitrogen is being supplied.
Frozen Semen Bull Stations
To produce required Frozen Semen for the
state, four Frozen Semen Bull Stations one
each at Vizag, Nandyal, Banavasi and
Karimnagar are functioning during the
year under report. These stations are
maintaining 247 breeding bulls of known
pedigree for production of Frozen Semen.
In the state as on today 6853 Artificial
insemination Centers are functioning
during the year 2005-06.
Salient features of work turned out by the
Frozen Semen Bull Stations during the
year 2005-06 and 2006-07 (up to 30-92006) with comparative figures of the
previous year are shown in Table 5.11.
Table 5.11
Frozen Semen Bull Stations
Item of Work
20042005
20052006
2006-07
(up to 30-92006)
No. of Bulls Stationed
a) Exotic/
86
92
83
Crossbred
b) Indigenous
17
13
10
c) Murrah
193
151
145
Total
296
247
247
Quantity of Frozen Semen Produced (Lakh
Doses)
a) Exotic/
8.92
7.01
10.53
Crossbred
b) Indigenous
2.37
2.33
0.87
c) Murrah
24.94
23.82
10.75
Total
36.23
36.68
18.63
Source: - Animal Husbandry Department
Centralized Semen Collection Centers
and District Frozen Semen Depots
21 District Frozen Semen Depots are
functioning during the year under report.
These Depots are catering to the needs of
the Frozen Semen and Liquid Nitrogen to
6,853 Artificial Inseminations Centers
spread all over the State.
Table 5.12
Frozen Semen and Inseminations at District Depots
2006-07
(up to 309-2006
Quantity of Frozen Semen Supplied (Lakh Doses)
a) Exotic
9.73
10.85
6.28
b) Indigenous
1.59
1.70
0.96
c) Murrah
22.71 22.25
8.82
Total
34.03 34.80
16.06
No. of Artificial Inseminations Done
a) Exotic/ Crossbred
9.95
10.25
5.58
b) Indigenous
1.94
1.58
0.87
c) Murrah
21.98 22.25
7.52
Total
33.87 34.08
13.97
Deptl. Artificial
Insemination Centers
4795
4834
4838
Covered
Source: - Animal Husbandry Department
Item of Work
20042005
20052006
Liquid Nitrogen Plants
There are 12 Liquid Nitrogen Plants. As
the production cost of Liquid Nitrogen
42
with the plants is very high, the Liquid
Nitrogen is being procured from outside
source. These plants are being used as
standby plants to meet emergency
requirements. During the year 14.20 lakh
liters of Liquid Nitrogen worth Rs.81.51
lakhs has been purchased.
Andhra Pradesh Livestock Development
Agency
Govt. of India has launched a programme
of “National Project on Cattle and Buffalo
Breeding” in the country and formulated
certain basic guidelines to restructure the
entire cattle and buffaloes breeding
programme with state infrastructure, in
order to have maximum coverage and
effectiveness of Artificial Insemination.
Government of India sanctioned an
amount to implement this programme,
Andhra Pradesh Livestock Development
(APLDA) has been established and started
functioning from April 2000.
Govt. of India has sanctioned Rs.40.03
crores for implementing the programme in
five years. i.e. From 2001 to 2004-05 and
released Rs. 39.80 crores till the end of the
year 2005-06.
land, as it is essential for the scientific
feeding of the livestock for the increased
productivity of milk and mutton. To
intensify the activity, fodder slips, and
improved varieties of fodder and pasture
seed has been supplied to the farmers with
most encouraging results.
The
activities
under
the
fodder
development during the year 2005-06 are
shown in Table 5.13.
Table 5.13
Fodder Development, 2005-06
Item
Nos.
Area
Brought
Under
Fodder
13.55
Cultivation (In Lakh Acres)
Qty. of Fodder Seed Supplied (Mts.)
3097.85
No. of Minikits Distributed
20274
No. of Exotic Grass Slips Supplied to
12929
the Farmers (Lakh No.)
Source: - Animal Husbandry Department
To support the fodder development
activity, the Fodder Seed Multiplication
farm at Reddypalli is functioning, during
the year 2005-06, 7.935 Mts of seed has
been produced. 63.30 lakh fodder slips
were supplied to the institutions and
farmers.
Sheep Development
Sheep rearing plays an important role in
the national economy. It provides gainful
employment and income to the weaker
sections
especially the
rural
poor.
Scientific breeding is being advocated in
the sheep farms for the production of
breeding rams with improved quality of
mutton and wool. The rams are distributed
to interested breeders for upgrading their
local sheep flocks for improved production
both quality and quantity.
To achieve the objective, 2 Sheep Farms, 1
Ram Multiplication Farm and 2 Sheep
Units are functioning during the year
under report. The rams are farms produce
Pedigree rams for distribution to the sheep
breeders to upgrade their stock for
improved quality of meat and increased
meat production.
During the year under report, these farms
and units produced 375 Ram Lambs, 349
Ewe Lambs of superior quality and
Objectives:
1. The overall objective is to promote the core
activity of improving productivity of cattle in the
state through improved animal breeding services
and effective transfer of new technologies.
2.The Primary objective is to improve animal
productivity, by providing door-step AI services
and there by increasing milk production.
3.To aid, advice, assist in any manner including
research for development of Livestock and
promote interests of farmers.
4.To asses the breeding needs, identify, train and
position appropriately the A.I Technicians duly
ensuring effective services at farmer’s door-step.
5.To build data bank and disseminate information
pertaining to breeding operations, disease
incidence/cattle development activities including
progeny evaluation.
Feed and Fodder Development
High yielding and nutritious fodder are
essential for scientific and economic
management of livestock particularly to
crossbreeds. It is endeavor of the
department to popularize and propagate
the high yielding fodder crops with the
farmers on available arable and non-arable
43
disposed 323 Rams, 1 Ewe, 64 lambs, 1
Hogget and 57 young stock.
11 Intensive Sheep Development Projects
covering the entire State are also
functioning, and attending extension
activities as breeding, effective health
coverage and training to Sheep Breeders in
scientific management.
Piggery Development
Pig farming has an important role in
improving the Socio-Economic status of
sizable population of the weaker sections
of the society.
To make available “Pork” at a reasonable
price, Piggery development has been taken
up in Andhra Pradesh under various
programs like ITDA, IRDP and SC Action
Plan etc., as the pig is a profile breeder
with heavy litter size, short gestation
period, and good feed conversion
efficiency.
Piggery plays an important role in meeting
the demands of meat in rural as well as
urban areas. In order to make available the
required pedigree Male and Female
breeding stock to the beneficiaries under
various schemes, 4 pig breeding stations
are functioning in the state.
Piggery
Development
Project,
Visakhapatnam
The project rendering necessary technical
assistance to the beneficiaries in
maintenance of fattening units, upgradation of Desi Pigs, supply of premixed
feed, marketing of finished Pork and Pork
products in the districts of Visakhapatnam,
Vizianagaram,
Srikakulam
besides
exercising technical control over the 4 pig
breeding stations and promotion of Pork
sales in the state. 38 pork booths are
functioning
in
the
districts
of
Visakhapatnam,
East
Godavari,
Vizianagaram, West Godavari, Krishna
and Srikakulam and the sales of pork and
pork products are continued.
The pork and pork products produced at
this project is being marketed through 38
meat shops in six districts of
Visakhapatnam,
Vizianagaram,
Srikakulam,
East
Godavari,
Godavari and Krishna.
West
Pig Fattening Scheme (By back system)
The District S.C. Society has established a
Piggery Complex at Krishnapuram a
suburb of Visakhapatnam with permanent
sheds to rehabilitate Scheduled Caste
people through Pig Fattening Scheme and
a total number of 25 families are provided
with L.W.Y weaners and fat pigs produced
by them were taken back after attaining 70
to 80 kgs. live weight and each beneficiary
is getting an amount of Rs.3,000/- to
Rs.4,000/- p.m. as remuneration and hence
provided gainful employment to the S.C.
People.
Piggery Development Scheme
Piggery Development Scheme, Srikakulam
acts as a liaison Office between District
Rural Development Agency, District
Scheduled Caste Society, Bankers, Piggery
Development Project, Visakhapatnam and
the Integrated Rural Development Agency
for planning and implementation of
Piggery development scheme, marketing
of cross breeds and to train Piggery
beneficiaries.
Poultry Development
Poultry farming in Andhra Pradesh is most
dynamic and fastest growing segment of
Agriculture Sector. The State occupies
first rank in egg production and broiler
production in the Country with an annual
production of 1,645 crores eggs.
Centrally Sponsored Scheme assistance
to State Poultry Farm:
Govt. of India have introduced a Central
Sponsored Scheme, “Assistance to State
Poultry Farm” in Andhra Pradesh during
the year 2004-05 on 80:20 Centre to State
basis for maintaining breeding stock of
low input technology. Accordingly as per
the guidelines of Govt. of India, the
Animal Husbandry Department has
proposed to establish a low input
technology, breeding stock in the premises
of Government Livestock Farm, Mamnoor,
Warangal with total cost of the project i.e.
44
Rs.129.05 lakhs. Towards State’s share of
20% of the project cost the existing
physical infrastructure in erstwhile district
(Warangal) Poultry Farm, Mamnoor
valued Rs. 64.50 lakhs shown in the
project. Whereas Government of India
have approved project report and
sanctioned an amount of Rs.47.92 lakhs on
80:20 Centre to State share, duly treating
the existing land and infrastructure as State
Share (20%). This office has submitted the
utilisation for the released amount in the
month of July 2006.
owners. The Department has restructured
its training Programmes for Veterinarians
and Para Veterinarians at (3) State Level,
(10) Regional Level and 22 District Level
Training Centres.
Table 5.14 shows the abstract of number
of departmental personnel trained at the
Departmental Training Centres during the
year 2005-06.
Table 5.15 presents the abstract of number
of departmental personnel trained at the
Departmental Training Centres during the
year 2006-07 (up to 30-09-2006).
Table 5.15
Departmental Personnel Trained – 2006-07
(upto Sept. 2006)
Human Resource Development
The Training approach in Animal
Husbandry Department was given a new
impetus and direction. The Training needs
of both Veterinarians and ParaVeterinarians in the Department were
identified, training action plans were
drawn up and are being implemented. In
order to meet the growing challenges and
opportunities, emerging in the livestock
sector, the staff of the Animal Husbandry
Department needs to be competitive,
committed and motivated to provide sound
service delivery system. HRD wing in the
Directorate is coordinating, monitoring,
evaluating and implementing the needbased training Programmes to the staff of
the Department, with a view that training
is a continuous activity and every
employee working in the Department
should be exposed for one training course
per year.
No.of
Vets
Train
ed
No.of
ParaV
ets
Train
ed
No.of
No.of
Ministeria
Gopalamit
l Staff/
ras
Farmers
Trained
/0thers
RAHTC
293
1062
766
2755
4876
DAHTC
SAHTCs
Total
1329
679
2301
1645
115
2822
512
-1278
1827
-4582
5313
794
10983
ParaVets
Trained
Gopala
-mitras
Trained
81
317
146
152
696
DAHTC
s
898
323
20
430
1671
SAHTCs
269
0
0
33
302
Total
1248
640
166
615
2669
Category
of Institutions
RAHTCs
Total
Source: - Animal Husbandry Department
Drought Relief Measures:
Government has sanctioned an amount of
Rs.1,500 lakhs for fodder seed, cattle feed
and emergency medicines for organization
of cattle camps for the year 2005-06.
Fodder Seed Procurement and Fodder
Production:
To meet the fodder deficit, 2,035 tonnes of
fodder seed has been supplied to cover an
area of 1.02 lakh acres and produced 2.69
lakh tonnes of Fodder by the farmers in the
drought affected districts.
Organization of Cattle Camps
 63 Cattle camps were organized in the
districts
of
Chittoor,
Prakasam,
Mahaboobnagar, Karimnagar, Warangal,
Medak, and Nalgonda.
 29,784 tones of dry fodder have been
supplied by trucks and trains to these
camps.
A.P.
Agro
Industrial
Development Corporation has organized
the supply of fodder through trains.
Table 5.14
Departmental Personnel Trained – 2005-06
Category
of Institutions
Vets
Train
ed
Ministe
-rial
Staff/
Farmer
s
/0thers
Total
Source: - Animal Husbandry Department
The Animal Husbandry Department has
launched three tier training system to meet
the training demands of the staff at District,
Regional and State level to address area
specific needs of livestock and their
45
 As per the demand from the farmers and
public representatives, cattle camps were
continued in certain districts till 25-72005.
 Every day on an average 1.62 lakh
animals were gathered in the camps.
The production estimates of milk, eggs
and meat based on integrated sample
survey in the state from 1980-81 to 200506 are given in Annexure 5.21.

8.91 lakh tonnes of Fish / Prawn
production was achieved during 200506 as against the achievement of 8.52
lakh tonnes during 2004-05.
 It is targeted to produce 9.00 lakh
tonnes of Fish / Prawn during the year
2006-07 and to achieve 10 Lakh tonnes
per annum by 2009.
High lights of achievements (2005-06 &
Up to October 2006):
***
 432 lakhs fish seedlings were stocked
in 24 reservoirs at a cost of Rs.421.00
FISHERIES
Lakhs.
5.5 Objectives: Important Objectives of the
 61,000 Houses were sanctioned in the
Department of Fisheries are as follows:
last 2 years at a cost of Rs.214.00
 Develop Fisheries value chain and boost
Crores. 29,970 houses are completed.
exports.

The Aqua Culture Seed (Quality
 Promote investment to create infrastructure.
Control) Act was passed in the
 Ensure sustainable development.
Assembly in March 2006.
 Setup institutions to build skills.

7,334 Mechanized and Motorized
 Promote welfare of fishers.
Table 5.16
Boats are benefited under the scheme
Fish & Prawn Production
“Exemption of Sales Tax on HSD Oil”
(Lakh Tonnes)
with enhanced limits. Rs. 499.55
Marine
Inland
Bracki
Lakhs was spent.
sh
Fish ShriFish
FW
Year
Water Total  Coverage
under Group Accident
mp
Prawn Shrimp
Insurance scheme was increased from
2001-02 1.81 0.24
4.27
0.44
0.37 7.13
1.30 Lakh fishermen to 2.00 Lakh
2002-03 2.12 0.37
5.29
0.50
0.38 8.66
fishermen. The insurance coverage is
2003-04 2.30 0.34
5.94
0.55
0.32 9.45
Rs.50,000/- in case of death /total
2004-05 1.82 0.29
5.73
0.35
0.33 8.52
disability and Rs.25,000 in case of
2005-06 1.91 0.27
5.93
0.38
0.42 8.91
partial disability.
2006-07 0.76 0.15
2.72
0.32
0.17 4.12
 Construction of 15 Fish Landing
(upto
Oct, 06)
Centers was taken up at a cost of
Source: - Fisheries Department
Rs.12.15 Crores. 8 are completed.
Significant contribution:
 Constructed one wholesale fish market
at Hyderabad at a cost of Rs.87.00
 The quantity of fish/ prawn produced is
Lakhs.
8.91 lakh tonnes and Value is Rs.6,929
 Modernization of 68 Urban Fish
Crores (2005-06).
Markets was taken up at a cost of
 The state is contributing about
Rs.570 Lakhs. 26 are completed.
Rs.2,500 Crores by way of marine
 Fish Ponds, covering 116 Lakh
exports, which is nearly 40% of the
Hectares of area were constructed for
marine exports from India.
fresh water Pisci-culture at a cost of
All India Ranking:
Rs.53.58 lakhs.
 AP ranks First in Brackish water
 8 Aqua labs and 4 feed analysis labs
shrimp production, First in Fresh water
were taken up at a cost of Rs.280
prawn production, Second in Fresh
Lakhs. (5) Aqua Labs and (4) Feed
water fish production, Second in total
Analysis Labs are completed.
value of fish/prawn produced and Fifth
 871.60 Lakhs Major carp fry was
in Marine fish production.
produced in the Government fish seed
Fish/ Prawn Production (Resource-wise):
farms.
46

Rs.71.00 Lakhs was provided as relief
to the fishermen effected in heavy
rains / floods in the month of
September 2006.
Action Plan 2006-07:
 Providing subsidy on Sales tax for
HSD oil and Development Rebate on
HSD oil for 7,334 fishing boats at a
cost of Rs.558 Lakhs.
 Providing 50% subsidy for (200) boats
under Motorization of traditional crafts
at a cost of Rs.40 lakhs.
 Providing
20%
subsidy
for
construction of new fishponds and
supply of inputs in 120 Hectares at a
cost of Rs.55.20 lakhs.
New Schemes taken up in 2006-07:
 Providing 50% subsidy on supply of
ice boxes to 2,500 fisherwomen at a
cost of Rs.50.00 Lakhs.
 Stocking of 5 crores fish seed in
reservoirs at a cost of Rs. 150 lakhs.
 Providing 50% subsidy for supply of
fish
seed
to
800
Fishermen
Cooperative Societies at a cost of Rs.
100 Lakhs.
 Providing 50% subsidy on supply of
VHF sets to 270 mechanized fishing
boats at a cost of Rs. 27 lakhs.
New initiatives taken up in 2006-07:
 A National Level Institute, National
Fisheries Development Board has
started functioning w.e.f. 9-9-2006
with headquarters at Hyderabad. Two
schemes were considered and the
National Fisheries Development Board
released Rs.3.47 Crores.
 National Center for Sustainable
Coastal
Aquaculture
(NaCSA)
sponsored by Marine Products Export
Development Authority, Ministry of
Commerce, Govt. of India was setup at
Kakinada, East Godavari district.
 Introduction of semi-culture practices
in tanks.
 Providing subsidy for Fresh Water
Aquaculture in 1,600 Hectares area
with an outlay of Rs.16.57 Crores
under Prime Minister’s Special
Package for farmers in 16 districts.
Fish and Pawn Production from 1961 to
2006-07 (Upto October 2006) is shown in
Annexure 5.22.
***
FORESTRY
5.6 Forests play an important role in
moderating the soil mantle, improving soil
fertility, purifying the air, arrest soil
erosion and in regulating the flow of water
in rivers and streams. If these intangible
benefits could be monetized the
contribution of forests would be
stupendous and would far out weight the
direct benefits to the fuel wood, timber and
other forest produce which we get from
forest.
Forest Development activities commenced
in a big way, in Andhra Pradesh along
with the commencement of the 3rd FiveYear plan only. Forestry programmes
involve rising of economic plantations and
quick growing species, large areas of
mixed deciduous forests of poor quality
were cleared and planted with Teak,
Eucalyptus and Bamboo and more recently
high yielding varieties of Cashew are
being planted on a large scale. Area
planted with important species during
2004-05 and 2005-06 is shown in Table
5.17.
Table 5.17
Area Planted Under Important Species
(Area in Ha.)
Species
2004-05
2005-06 (P)
Teak
1,12,667
1,47,910
Eucalyptus
76,275
80,089
Casurina
28,555
30,840
Cashew
21,411
22,482
Red Sander
2,748
2,748
Sandal wood
2,800
2,800
Bamboo
43,568
46,618
Coffee
142
164
Miscellaneous
3,91,349
4,50,052
Avenue
11,816
13,077
Plantation
P: Provisional
Source: - Forest Department
 Coffee (Arabica Coffee) planting on
commercial scale was also undertaken
by the Forest Department in the agency
forests of Visakhapatnam and East
Godavari districts in an area of about
47
4,012.18 Hects. to improve the economic
conditions of the tribals and wean them
from the wasteful habit of shifting
cultivation.
 The scheme for Soil conservation in
River Valley Project was also taken up
from that time in the Machkhand / Sileru
basin in Visakhapatnam district and upto
1975 over 7,850 Hects of badly eroded
area have been afforested and 43,120
Hects of Agricultural land was treated
with various soil conservation measures
like contour bunding, bench terracing,
gully plugging, stabilization of river
banks etc. Now in the year 2006 over
46,389 hects., of area has been afforested
and 88,809 Hects., of Agricultural land
was
treated
with
various
soil
conservation measures like contour
bunding,
bench
terracing,
gully
plugging, stabilization of river banks etc.
 Forest resource surveys of industrial
catchments were undertaken between
1965-75 and most of the important forest
zones of the state have been covered
under schemes sponsored either by the
Government of India or State.
 Commencing with 1971 season the
Abnus leaves trade in Andhra Pradesh
(Telangana Region to begin with) was
nationalized eliminating the Contractor’s
agency. As per G.O. M.S. No 43 Dated
10-04-2006 of E.F.S.&T (For III) Dept.,
the Government have decided to
distribute the net revenue to the beedi
leaf collectors in proportion to the
quantity of beedi leaf collected by them
as per wage cards from 2006 beedi leaf
season onwards.
 Andhra Pradesh Forest Development
Corporation was established in 1975 to
undertake large scale plantation of
industrially useful species like Bamboo
and Eucalyptus in order to meet the
growing demand for wood. Now an
extent of 11667.23 Hects., of
Eucalyptus, 12897.67 Hects. of Bamboo
were raised and maintained by the
A.P.F.D.C.
 The scheme of Drought Prone Area
Programme for the districts of
Ananthapur and parts of Mahabubnagar,
Karnool, Kadapa, Chittoor, Nalagonda
and Prakasam was started in 1975 and
closed by 1992-93. So far 1337.20
Hects. of area operated, 29.40 k.ms. of
area planted with an expenditure of
187.60 lakhs.
 A Sanctuary for Black Buck Mahaveera
Harina Vanasthali was established in an
area of about 1,000 Hects. near
Hyderabad. The Prime Minister has
specially commanded to the States the
need to establish exclusive sanctuaries
for Black Buck because it is almost on
the verge of extinction. Now the present
area of the park is 1,459 Hects.
 The state has three well developed
Zoological
parks
at
Hyderabad,
Visakhapatnam and Tirupathi and also
five National Parks two at Hyderabad
one in Ranga Reddy district, one at
Kadapa District and one at Thirupathi
(Chittor District). There are 13 deer
parks and 22 wild life Sanctuaries in the
state.
 Commencing with the Third Plan, The
Nehru Zoological Park was set up at
Hyderabad covering an area of 152
Hects.
 Andhra Pradesh has 63,814 Sq.kms. of
Forest area constituting 23.2 percent of
the total geographical of the State. Out
of the total forest area of 63,814
Sq.kms., Reserved forest area accounted
for 50,478 Sq.Kms., Protected forest
forms 12,365 Sq.kms and the rest 971
Sq.kms are unclassified. Out of the total
area of 63,814 Sq.kms, the Telangana
Region has a forest area of 29,242
Sq.kms. followed by Coastal Andhra
19,563 Sq.kms and Rayalaseema 15,009
Sq.kms. The forest products in the state
include Timber, Firewood, Charcoal,
Bamboo, beedi leaves etc. The details of
value of forest products in the State are
given in Annexure 5.23.
 There are eight major wood based
industries in the State. The net use,
production capacity, type of raw material
used and raw material assured to Forest
Department in the state is shown in
48
Annexure 5.24. Income accrued from
forestry sector in the State was Rs.63.81
crores in 2001-02 and 83.17 crores in
2002-03, 99.43 crores in 2003-04,
100.94 crores in 2004-05, and 94.54
crores in 2005-06.
 Under Social Forestry, 47.73 crore
seedlings are made available all over the
state for planting in 2006 rainy season.
So far 36.69 core seedlings were raised
over an extent of 1284 Ha. Out side the
Reserve Forest areas and Road Avenue
Plantations were raised over a length of
1,261 kms. 5.46 crore kanuga seedling
are made available for raising of Biodiesel plantations during 2006 rainy
season. Strategy adopted as a long term
measure is to grow 8 to 9 crores of even
kanuga seedlings for planting every year
by Forest Department through VSS and
in Social Forestry through farmers.
During this season, 12,700 hects of area
was planted.
Community Forestry Management
 The Concept of people’s participation
envisages to protect and manage the
forests with the active co-operation and
support of local communities. The
National Forest Policy, 1988, strongly
envisages peoples involvement in the
development and protection of forest and
the Government of India have provided
impetus to peoples movement in forest
the programme of CFM started in the state
in the year 1992. However in reality the
programme got under way only in 1994.
Year-wise progress of implementation of
the programme is presented in Table 5.18.
From a mere 133 VSS (Vana Samrakshana
Samithi) during 1994-95, it has gone up to
8499 VSS in 2005-06 in the state
managing 23.94-lakh hectares of forest
area. Around 15.38 lakh people including
7.54 Lakh women and for nearly 7.84 lakh
SC/ST beneficiaries have treated about
6.66 lakh hectares of degraded forests
through these VSS. All the identified
forest fringe villages have been covered
under CFM stream. The funds from
various sources like World Bank aided
Andhra
Pradesh
Forestry
Project,
Employment Assurance Scheme and other
schemes including Centrally Sponsored
Schemes
are
being
utilized
for
implementation of CFM.
Kolleru Lake
 Kolleru Lake is one of the largest fresh
water eco systems (Wetland) of
international importance recognized
under Ramsar convention (Iran 1971)
covering 2,25,250 acres upto its +10 ft.
contour. It is formed between the
alluvial plains of River Godavari and
Krishna due to natural geological
formation covering (2) mandals in
West Godavari district and (7) mandals
in Krishna district. This Lake is
situated nearly 35 kms. away from the
coastline.
Table 5.18
Progress of Community forest management
Area
No. of VSS
Year
Covered
formed
(Lakh Hect)
1999-2k
6575
16.52
2000-01
6726
16.82
2001-02
6726
16.89
2002-03
7275
12.50
2003-04
8020
20.23
2004-05
8343
23.18
2005-06
8499
23.94
Source: - Forest Department
Table 5.19
Water spread area of Kolleru Lake
Contour
Area
In Acres
In Sq.Kms
+ 10’ MSL
2,25,250
901
+ 7’ MSL
1,68,750
675
+5’ MSL
77,138
308
+3’ MSL
33,750
135
Source: - Forest Department

Ecologically it is a wetland ecosystem, with a total catchment area of
4763 Sq.Kms. spreading over West
Godavari and Krishna districts. The
peak level inflow into the Lake would be
of the order of 1,10,000 cusecs.
management by issuing a circular on 1st
June, 1990, in pursuance to the National
Forest Policy, 1988.
Consequent to the formulation of
guidelines on participatory management of
forests issued by Govt. of India in 1990,
49

Four rivers namely Budameru,
Ramileru, Tammileru and Yerrakaluva
and (18) drains and (22) irrigation
channels empty out into the Lake and the
drain Upputeru is the only outlet to the
sea. The flow in these drains mainly
consists of agricultural runoff, storm
water runoff, domestic effluents and
industrial effluents from large and
medium scale industries surrounding the
Lake.
Municipal waste from the major towns
of Vijayawada, Eluru and Gudivada
further polluted this Lake.
The
pollutants have resulted in silting up of
the Lake bed at a faster rate and the
water holding capacity of the Lake
decreased drastically and this has led to
scarcity of drinking water in many of the
villages.
Initiatives to conserve the Lake

Government
have
issued
preliminary notification of Kolleru
Wildlife Sanctuary under section 18 of
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 vide
G.O.Ms.No.76, E.F.S.&T (For.III),
dept., dt:25.09.1995

As per the provisions under Section
19 to 25 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act,
1972, the District Collectors, West
Godavari & Krishna determined the
following rights of the people existing
within the proposed Kolleru Wildlife
Sanctuary.
 Right to do traditional fishing.
 Traditional Agriculture without using
pesticides and chemicals.
 Right to use ordinary boats without
motor for the movement of the people.
 Right of way with existing roads.
 Electricity connection shall be given
for domestic use and not for
aquaculture.
 Aquaculture prohibited.
 The ‘D’ Form pattas will be canceled.
 Finally, the Government have issued
final notification declaring Kolleru
Lake as Kolleru Wildlife Sanctuary
under section 26(a) of Wildlife
(Protection)
Act,
1972
vide
G.O.Ms.No.120, E.F.S&T (For.III)
Dept., dt:04.10.1999.

Aggrieved by the notification of
the sanctuary, several Writ Petitions
have been filed in the Hon’ble High
Court of A.P. challenging the
notification.

In the background of extensive fish
culture by converting the agriculture and
fallow areas into compartmentalized fish
tanks, the recent cyclone in the month of
September and October 2005 caused

There are (122) villages in the
Lake area, out of which (46) are bed
villages and (76) are belt villages.

The Lake supports a rich
biodiversity of aquatic flora and fauna
and has a high biomass of planktons,
which form the source of food for the
birds and other aquatic fauna. The
Kolleru Lake serves as a Sanctuary for
the migratory birds and as many as 189
rare and endangered local and migratory
birds including Grey Pelicans visit this
area.

The Lake had an abundant resource
of fish with an average production of
7,000 metric tones / year. Due to the
eutrophication, caused by the polluting
waters, the natural fish population has
come down drastically.
Destruction of the Lake

Initially agriculture was permitted
in Kolleru Lake bed area through a
permit system and the Government
during 1977-78 has granted pattas in
Lake Bed area. And this has opened the
flood gates for encroachments into the
bed areas and the advent of aquaculture
and pisciculture which proved to be very
much successful commercially. This
resulted in large scale conversion of
agriculture and fallow lands into fish
tanks.

All these commercial activities
have resulted in pollution of the Kolleru
waters. The discharge of industrial
effluents from the paper mills, sugar
factories etc., located in Krishna and
West Godavari districts and the
50
heavy damage in the district and more
than one lakh acres of paddy crop was
inundated due to the obstructions caused
by the bunds of the illegal fish tanks in
the bed area.

The extensive disturbance caused
due to human activity in the form of fish
culture and its ancillary activities
resulted in the birds deserting the Lake
area. The disruption in the natural flow
of the water into the sea through
Upputeru resulted in frequent inundation
of the bed areas.

Due to stagnation of water at the
uplands area, the agricultural fields got
inundated and there was an uproar in the
Public demanding for the demolition of
fish tanks.
Judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme
Court

Aggrieved by the order of the CEC,
the Kolleru Food Industries have filed a
Writ Petition No.1486 - 1487 before the
Hon’ble Supreme Court of India and the
Supreme Court in its judgment
Dt:10.4.2006 have upheld the directions
issued by the CEC.

As per the direction of the Hon’ble
Supreme Court of India, the demolition
of the illegal fish tank bunds in Kolleru
Wildlife Sanctuary upto +5 contour has
been taken up and completed by
15.6.2006. Totally, 1,776 tanks covering
an area of about 44,700 acres in West
Godavari and Krishna districts have been
demolished.
An amount of Rs.40.00
crores has been sanctioned for
demolition
of
fish
tanks
and
rehabilitation of the locals.

With the removal of the
encroachments upto +5 contour, the
Forest Department in coordination with
other sister departments is taking up
certain eco-restoration measures to
restore the pristine glory of the area.
 Survey and demarcation of the
sanctuary
 Strengthening and protection of the
sanctuary by setting up check posts
and continuous patrolling to protect the






Lake from poaching and revival of fish
culture.
Clearance of the drains to facilitate
free flow of water.
Clearance of weeds to promote growth
of indigenous aquatic flora.
Planting of indigenous plants to act as
roosting and nesting base for the birds.
Restocking of the Lake with
indigenous fish species and other
aquatic flora and fauna.
Awareness creation and educating the
locals through workshops, personal
interaction,
trainings,
broachers,
pamphlets, and hoardings.
The Pollution Control Board shall
monitor the water quality and
implement necessary measures for the
treatment of the polluting effluents.
Initiatives for Eco-restoration

The Forest Department has
submitted scheme to Ministry of
Environment and Forests, Government
of India under the conservation of
Wetlands for Eco-restoration of Kolleru
Lake at an estimated cost of Rs.6.41
crores. Besides, schemes have also been
submitted for the Eco-restoration under
12th Finance Commission and User
Charges for Rs.155.00 lakhs and
Rs.90.00 lakhs respectively. The
Government has already released
Rs.90.00 lakhs under User Charges.

Now the task on hand is the
restoration of the Lake through a Multidisciplinary, Integrated Management
Plan for the Kolleru Wildlife Sanctuary
to give clear direction to the
management on the line of action and
implementation of the restoration plan as
detailed above.

This is possible only with the
dedicated involvement of Professional
Environmental Scientists, Engineers,
Hydrologists, Limnologists, Botanists,
Microbiologists, Ornithologists, Social
Scientists and several others of various
disciplines besides the Wildlife Officers.

In view of the special nature of this
Wetland and its importance as a Ramsar
51
Site and particularly when it is
threatened under the Montreaux record,
it demands the services of a specialized
organization to prepare this Multidisciplinary Integrated Management
Plan.

This issue was discussed in detail
at the State Level Steering Committee on
Wetlands on 6.10.2006 and it was
decided to call for Expression of Interest
from
interested
organizations.
Accordingly, the notice inviting the
Expression of Interest has been called for
in the Newspapers before 25.11.2006.
The applications will be processed and
restoration work will be grounded.

The efforts of the Government
have yielded rich dividends and it is a
feast to the eyes that thousands of birds
have already arrived and we need to
create a suitable habitat for their nesting,
roosting and feeding besides providing
pollution free waters in the Lake.
promote credit flow to this sector. In view
of the near instantaneous and visible
impact of these programmes, from the year
1983-84 the Departments of Social
Welfare and Tribal Welfare also stepped
in, treating sericulture as a major scheme
for the economic uplift of SCs and STs.
Subsequently, other Departments viz.,
Panchayat Raj, Revenue, Agriculture and
Forest, have also played the supporting
role. In addition to the above, the External
Aided Projects, such as World Bank aided
National Sericulture Project and Swiss
Development
Mission
have
also
contributed greatly for the development of
Sericulture industry in the State. The
persons involved in this industry are
mostly small and marginal farmers and
economically weaker sections of society.
A.P. Silkworm Seed & Cocoon (Control)
Rules, 1983 were framed and under these
rules, 8 Govt. Cocoon Markets were
established, besides notifying some
Reeling Units as regulated markets. In the
year 1993-94 and 1994-95, the silk imports
have doubled and reached about 5,400
tones per annum with the introduction of
“Exports and Imports (EXIM)” and
“Liberalised Import Policy” of the
Government of India. The Indian silk
industry of late suffered a major set back
and the farmers had started uprooting the
mulberry. However, the imports were
regularised with the intervention of State
Governments and the industry was
protected from extinction. Now only 2-A
and above graded silk is being imported.
This sort of protection cannot be expected
from Government all through and hence
conscious efforts being made to meet any
eventuality.
Depending upon the need, the department
is making efforts to meet the requirements
and extending necessary technical and
financial support to the beneficiaries.
Importance
Sericulture in A.P. is a sustainable farmbased economic enterprise positively
favouring the rural poor and the
unemployed youth yielding regular returns
in 4 to 5 splits from one acre of mulberry
***
SERICULTURE
5.7
Andhra Pradesh was a mere speck on the
sericulture map of India, producing only
around 300 tonnes of mulberry silk
cocoons in 1975. The Sericulture industry
grew leaps and bounds and by the year
1981 A.P., could produce around 7,000
metric tonnes of cocoons. In view of
enormous growth of the industry,
Sericulture was separated from Handlooms
& Textiles and a separate department of
Sericulture was formed in the year 1981.
The department‘s strategy is to promote
sericulture as a poverty alleviation
programme through integrated action by
various departments. After separation, the
Department of Rural Development was
roped in, to fund development of
infrastructure needed to sustain this
industry in the State through the Drought
Prone Areas Programme and the Integrated
Rural Development Programme. In
addition to infrastructure support, subsidy
for coverage of small and marginal
farmers and weaker sections was also
made available from these programmes to
52
by providing employment to 5 persons
throughout the year. An important feature
of Sericulture Industry is involvement of
around 60% women. Realising the
importance of the activity, the Government
have earmarked an outlay of Rs.3,590.97
lakhs for Sericulture sector under Annual
Plan 2006-07 for implementation of
various schemes.
Centres (CRCs) and Reeling Units
integration in Coastal areas.

SMS (Short Message Service) for
farmers for knowing daily market rates
of cocoons.
 Launching of Departmental website
(www.Seri.ap.gov.in) for creation of
awareness amongst all.
The Department is making all-out effort to
promote the following new technologies at
the field level for increasing the
productivity.
 Replacement of existing mulberry
gardens with high yielding varieties
 Maintenance of exclusive chawkie
gardens
 Promotion of controlled irrigation
system like “DRIP”
 Mass Disinfection Programme
 Separate pucca-rearing houses with
shoot rearing
 Human Resource Development
 Research & Development
 Promotion of Multi-end silk reeling,
twisting, processing units and looms.
Mulberry Sector:
Drip Irrigation:
The water availability has become a
problem and most of the mulberry gardens
have dried up in the state due to severe
drought.
Focus
is
therefore
on
conservation of available water resources.
Realizing the problem, the department is
implementing the Drip irrigation scheme
under Catalytic Development Programme
with a unit cost of Rs.19,200/- per acre of
which
90% subsidy is provided to
SC/ST/women beneficiaries and 70%
subsidy for others. The maximum subsidy
eligible is Rs.24,000/- for 1.4 acres. An
extent of 7242 acres of mulberry has been
covered with drip irrigation upto the end of
October
2006
under
Catalytic
Development Programme.
Implementation of Bivoltine Program:
To achieve the international grade of raw
silk and to have defined quality and
productivity, bivoltine is introduced
commercially in a big way for the first
time in the State in the year 2001-02. The
Andhra Pradesh occupies 2nd position in
the country in production of silk. The
mulberry acreage is mainly concentrated in
the drought prone areas of Rayalaseema
region, particularly in Anantapur and
Chittoor Districts. Andhra Pradesh has the
privilege of producing other types of silk
called Tasar, Eri besides mulberry being
predominantly practiced in Tribal areas of
the State. As vast tracts of forest based
tasar food plantations are available in the
State judicious exploitation for rearing
tasar silkworms can offer supplementary
gainful employment for tribals.
New Initiatives
 To help the farmers in selling their
cocoons at competitive prices,
Multiend reeling units were revived
under private sector. In addition to this
15 Govt. Silk Reeling units were
revived in the State for effective
utilization of the services of the
workers.
 To encourage post cocoon activity and
to bridge the gap between the on farm
and non-farm sectors to maximum
extent, it is proposed to establish one
Chinese automatic reeling unit under
private sector.
 To provide marketing facility to the
ERI farmers, it is proposed to establish
one ERI processing cum spinning unit
under private sector.
 Expansion of Tasar and Ericulture to
other potential districts.
 Utilisation of improved Silkworm
seeds from Thailand for production of
3A grade raw silk in coastal areas.
 Large scale mulberry plantations,
Kissan nurseries, Chawaie Rearing
53
production of Bivoltine cocoons increased
from 802 MTs during the year 2001-02 to
1,239 MTs in the year 2005-06 with the
implementation
of
Catalytic
Developmental programmes, with Central
Silk Board’s assistance. During the current
year the department proposed to achieve
2,460 MTs. At present the bivoltine
programme is extended to all the districts
in the State in selected Nucleus villages
under Bivoltine Hybrid Programme. The
high yielding bivoltine silkworm races are
being popularized to promote bivoltine
sericulture. The average yield per 100
disease free layings (dfls) has increased
from 48 at the beginning of the programme
to 65 kgs.
Assistance to farmers for construction
of rearing sheds under Catalytic
Development Programme (CDP)
To ensure hygienic conditions and to
prevent contamination during silkworm
rearing, construction of a separate silk
worm-rearing house is very essential.
Therefore a scheme for construction of
rearing shed has been sanctioned under
CDP with a unit cost of Rs.1,00,000/- to
each of the Bivoltine farmer funded at
25:25:50 by Central Silk Board, State
Government & Beneficiary respectively.
So far 10,920 rearing sheds were
constructed under this scheme.
Non-Mulberry Sector:
Tasar:
3000 tribal families are engaged in rearing
of Tasar silk worms on the food plants
available in the forest areas of Adilabad,
Karimnagar, Warangal and Khammam
districts and produced a quantity of
113.535 lakh numbers of tasar cocoons
worth Rs.56.767 lakhs. During the current
year a quantity of 3.00 crores of tasar
cocoons are expected to be produced by
tribal farmers.
Eri:
Andhra Pradesh is having larger extent of
Castor and Tapioca plantations particularly
in the districts of Mahaboobnagar,
Nalgonda, Rangareddy and East Godavari.
The farmers can utilise 40% of the castor /
Tapioca leaf for rearing of eri worms with
out any deterioration in the yield of castor
seed and Tapioca tuber, to get additional
income of Rs. 2000 to 4000. Andhra
Pradesh has launched a pilot project of
Ericulture in the State with a cost of
Rs.3.71 crores over a period of 5 years in
coordination with the Central Silk Board.
A quantity of 33.5 MTs of Eri cocoons
worth Rs. 17.50 lakhs were produced by
872 castor and tapioca farmers during the
year 2005-06.
Research and Development:
Andhra Pradesh State Sericulture Research
and Development Institute, Hindupur was
established during the year 1995 to evolve
new races, capable of producing
international grade silk. The Institute so far
evolved
three
races
viz.,
SWARNANDHRA, HEMAVATHI and
KALPATHARUVU and they are giving
extremely better results over the
conventional races. Productive Multi X
Bivoltine, Bivoltine hybrids with disease
resistance races are under field trials. In
addition,
certain
eco-friendly user
disinfectants such as Seri-Gold, SeriShubra, Seri-Shuddi, Seri-Rich etc., are
released, there by the production of
cocoons increased from 5 Kgs. to 10 Kgs.
Statistical data:
The new area brought under mulberry
plantation has increased from 7,116 acres
in the year 2003-04 to 9,386 acres during
2004-05. During the current year, the
targeted extent is 10,000 acres. The
reeling cocoon production has increased
from 45,454 MTs in 2004-05 to 46,785
MTs during 2005-06. During the current
year a quantity of 48,000 Mts is expected,
thanks to good rainfall.
The item-wise achievements made under
sericulture sector during 2001-02 to 200607 (Up to September 2006) are shown in
Annexure 5.25.
Highlights of achievements:
1.Andhra Pradesh stands No: 1 in
productivity in the Country in respect of
mulberry cocoon production.
54
2.Record production of 33.50 MTs of Eri
cocoons as against 13.35 MTs produced
during 2004-05.
3.Created short messaging service to
farmers to know the market rates at
different markets.
Market Committee is appointed by the
Market Committee / Director of
Marketing / Government as per AP (AP
& LS) Markets Rules, 1969. The
Market Committee is responsible for the
effective implementation of the Markets
Act and the AP (Agricultural and
Livestock) Markets Rules, 1969 and the
Bye-laws of the Market Committee.
Every Market Committee is a corporate
body having perpetual00succession.
The Director of Marketing is the
authority at State level to supervise
and
control
all
the
Market
Committees for effective implementation
of the Act, Rules and the Bye-laws and
report to the Government about the
working of the Market Committees. The
Market Committees levy and collect
market fee at the rate of one percent
advolerum on the sale and purchase of
notified agricultural produce payable by
the purchasers of the produce. The
market fee is the only income for
the Market Committee, which is selfgenerating and is called Market
Committee fund deposited in a scheduled
bank operated through treasury. The
market fee is utilized mainly for the
development of markets and creation of
facilities to the users of the markets i.e.,
growers and traders and other
functionaries and for other allied
purposes specified by Government from
time to time. The income of all the
Market Committees during 2005-06 was
Rs.202.84 crores.
Market Committees shall remit 10% of
the annual income to a separate fund
called Central Market Fund (CMF). This
fund is under the control and operation
of the Commissioner & Director of
Marketing. The Central Market Fund
is expended mainly to provide loans to
Market Committees besides grant-in-aid
to the financially weak Market
Committees. But the government is
empowered to expend the CMF by
special or general order for any purpose
for the development of agricultural
marketing and its allied activities.
***
MARKETING
5.8 A comprehensive market legislation came
into force in 1966 to the entire state
called
the
Andhra
Pradesh
(Agri cul tural
P roduce
and
Livestock) Markets Act 1966, after
integration
of
the
Hyderabad
Agricultural Produce and Livestock
Markets Act, 1930 and the Madras
Commercial Crops Act, 1933. The salient
features of the Act are:
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
To regulate sale and purchase of Agricultural produce
To declare notified areas and notified
markets for regulation
To constitute Market Committees for each
notified area for regulation
To license all the persons intending to trade
in the notified agricultural produce
To levy and collect the market fee
To construct and develop market yards for
regulation
To
prohibit
collection
of
all unauthorized charges in the sale and
purchase of agricultural produce
To arrange sale and purchase of
agricultural produce in the market by
open auction or tender system
To collect and
disseminate
market
information for the use of farmers and
traders.
There are 310 Market Committees
and 889 notified markets in the State.
Each
Market
Committee
consists of 18 members viz., 11
members from growers, 3 from
traders and the other four from the
representatives of local bodies and
Government
Departments.
The
committee is headed by a Chairman
from
grower
members.
The
Government
nominates all
the
members. Every Market Committee has
a Secretary who is the executive
authority
of
the
Market Committee. All staff of the
55
Keeping in view of the objectives of the
Department, the Department has
envisaged a Farmers' Charter for
implementation. The Charter provides
for:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Rs.38.00 crores for providing pledge loan
to the farmers and to help them to avoid
distress sale of their produce. 12330
farmers have been benefited under this
scheme during 2005-06.
The Department has spent Rs. 28.55
crores during 2005-06 for taking up
different infrastructure developmental
works in the market yards.
Rythu Bazars
The Department has a network of 95
Rythu Bazars in the State. Over 2,20,000
quintals of vegetables, on an average,
are being sold every week through these
Rythu Bazars by about 20630 farmers
directly to the consumers. 13 Mobile
Rythu Bazars are operating in Hyderabad
and Vijayawada for selling graded
vegetables. This has proved to be a great
success.
Right of information regarding prices
Ensuring fair value for the produce
Ensuring accurate weighing
Freedom from unscrupulous traders and
trade practices
Ensuring payment on the same day
Providing human and animal health care
Providing quality inputs.
The
Department
has
installed
computers at 301 Market Yards for
regular inflow of information on prices.
It has also installed Audio Video
Display systems (AVDS) at 50 market
yards so far. Prices of all major
commodities are displayed through these
video systems for the benefit of the
farmers everyday. The Department has
also established Interactive Voice
Response System (IVRS) through
which anyone from anywhere can dial
the dedicated telephone number and find
out the prevailing prices of all major
agricultural commodities at all major
market yards. The prices are updated
everyday. (IVR Nos. 23260100)
Administrative measures have been
taken for tracking the farmers at major
market yards under 'help the farmer'
programme. Under this, the market yards
have been divided into segments. Each
segment has been entrusted to a
responsible Officer. This Officer shall,
during the arrivals, take notice of every
farmer who comes with his produce into
his segment. He shall help the farmer
get a fair price for accurate
weighment and also make sure of prompt
payment. This system has paid rich
dividends in winning the goodwill of the
farmer.
Electronic Weighing machines are being
introduced in 70 major market yards for
ensuring accurate weighment of the
farmers' produce.
Rythu Bandhu Pathakam
Under the Rythu Bandhu Pathakam, the
Department has spent more than
The Department has earmarked 5% of
Market Committee Income for farmer
Awareness programmes. The Department is
also conducting free medical camps for
farmers and their cattle every Quarter with
the funds of Agricultural Market
Committees.
In addition to the above the department is
undertaken market yards modernization
and development with the Government of
India assistance .






***
56
Modernization of 37 markets in the State with
a total outlay of Rs. 164.54 crores with 25%
Government of India subsidy scheme.
Development of 25 new cotton market yards
under Technology Mission on Cotton (TMC)
at a cost of Rs. 54.46 crores with 60%
Government of India share and 40%
Agricultural Market Committee share.
Development of 12 Jute markets under Jute
Technology Mission (JTM) with a cost of Rs.
18.90 crores with 60% Government of India
grant and 40% Agricultural Market Committee
grant.
Development of 36 Rural markets under Rural
Interior
Development
Fund
(RIDF)
(NABARD) with a cost of Rs. 18.91 crores
with Government of India grant.
Development of 3 terminal markets at
Hyderabad, Tirupathi and Vijayawada under
Government of India Scheme.
Development of 20 Fruits and Vegetables
markets and 20 Rythu Bazars with financial
assistance from National Horticulture Mission
(NHM), Govt. of India.