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Chapter 14
The Phrase
Objective:
Phrases
A ______________ is a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a
____________ and its _____________.
A _______________________ phrase includes a preposition, the ___________ of the preposition, and any modifiers of
that object.
Adjective Phrases
A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun is called an ______________________________.
Example:
The members (of the club) want sweatshirts (with the club emblem.)
REMEMBER: Unlike a one-word__________________, which usually precedes the word it modifies, an
_______________ almost always follow the noun or pronoun it modifies.
Example:
Adjective- Amy closed the cellar door.
Adjective Phrase- Amy closed the door (to the cellar.)
An adjective phrase may also modify the object of _____________ prepositional phrase.
Example:
The horse (in the trailer) (with rusted latch) broke loose.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Practice time!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Identify the adjective phrase in the following sentences, and circle the word it modifies.
1. The figures on the granite cliff were cared under the direction of Gutzon Borglum, an American sculptor.
2. Each president symbolizes a part of United States history.
3. Tourists on the view terrace must gaze up nearly five hundred feet to see this art.
4. Please hand me the book on the table.
Adverb Phrases
A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb is called an _____________________.
An adverb phrases tells _________________,__________________, _____________, ______________, or
___________________________.
Examples:
Britney answered (with a smile).
They sailed (across the lake) yesterday.
(By Wednesday) Christopher will be finished.
Adverb phrases may modify an adjective or an adverb
Example: Melissa is good (at tennis) but better (at volleyball.)
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Let’s practice! Identify the adverb phrase in the following sentences, and circle the word it modifies.
1. We use time expressions in everyday speech.
2. When you fall in love, you may feel that “time stands still.”
3. Have you ever noticed that “time flies” when you are chatting with your friends?
4. Do people stop you on the street to ask if you “have the time?”
Verbals
____________________ are formed from__________. Verbals are used as _______________, _____________, or
_______________, not as verbs.
The three kinds of verbals are ___________________, ____________________, and ____________________.
A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective.
Example:
We saw the raccoon escaping through the back door.
Waxed floors can be dangerously slippery.
There are ____________ kinds of participles. They are ______________________ and ____________________.
Present participles end in –ing.
Example:
We ran inside to get out of the pouring rain.
Watching the clock the coach became worried.
Past participles usually end in –d or –ed. Other past participles are formed irregularly.
Example:
A peeled and sliced cucumber can be added to a garden salad.
The speaker, known for her strong support of recycling, was loudly applauded.
------------------------------ Let’s look at Exercise 4 in your book pg. 450------------------------------A _______________________ is used as an adjective and consists of a participle and any complements or modifiers the
participle has.
Example:
Seeing the cat, the dog barked loudly.
The cat hissed at the dog barking in the yard next door.
Writing tip: A ______________________ phrase should be placed very close to the word it modifies.
Practice. Underline the participial and circle the noun modified. Remember that participles begin with a verb form.
The rest of the sentence is the main clause.
1. The necklace created by the artist drew much attention.
2. I bought the canvas done with the oil paint.
3. The program produced by a famous actor received criticism.
4. Dancing to the music, the children all laughed.
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5. The refrigerator humming noisily, was distracting.
6. The shirt ironed by Cameron was ready.
Remember this: Participial Phrases are similar to adjective clause are either essential or nonessential. If the participial
phrase is essential, it needs NO _______________. If it is nonessential, it needs to be set off with the commas.
Example:
The family, sitting quietly, watched the fireworks. [The participial phrase is NOT IMPORTANT
because it is adding information to the sentence.]
The books sitting on the third shelf are mine. [ Sitting on the third shelf is telling which book.]
Exception to the rule: If the participial phrase comes at the beginning of the sentence, IT WILL NEED A COMMA.
Example: Pinned by his opponent, he lost the match.
Practice. Underline each participial phrase and punctuate each sentence by adding needed commas.
1. Playing in the kitchen the little boy slid on the floor.
2. The woman seated on the sofa is my aunt.
3. Written in gold her name was on the cover.
4. That limb weakened by the ice broke during the next storm.
5. Pam talking on the phone was polishing her nail.
Writing tip: A ______________________ phrase should be placed very close to the word it modifies. If it is not in the
correct place it is called a ____________________ participle.
Example:
(incorrect)
The football players celebrated their victory at the pizza parlor, winning the state championship.
(correct)
Winning the state championship, the football players celebrated their victory at the pizza parlor.
Get out a sheet of paper for independent practice!!!!!
English II Exam Practice. Choose the sentence that is written correctly.
____1. A. Kneeling on the floor, the kitten played with the boy.
B. Rainbow Row is a famous setting in Charleston, SC, painted by many.
C. Sitting on the porch, we were discussing our childhoods.
D. She moved to a condo, living in the city.
Gerunds
A ____________________ is a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun.
Like other nouns, ___________________ are used as ________________, __________________, ________________,
_________________, and ______________________.
Examples:
The dancing was fun. [subject]
My favorite part of the show was his juggling. [________]
Shauna tried climbing faster. [____________]
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Give winning the game your best. [________________]
We worked better after resting. [_____________]
A _______________ phrase consist of a gerund and any modifiers or complements. Gerund phrases may begin with a
possessive noun.
Example:
She resented my checking after her.
Practice. Underline each gerund phrase.
1. Preparing the entire meal was not difficult.
2. Their punishment was going without a cell phone.
3. We heard his practicing the solo.
4. After going to the movies, we got pizza.
5. Our trusting the fair weather was a mistake.
Infinitives
An ____________________ is a verb form that can be used as a ____________, an _____________, or an
________________. Most infinitives begin with to.
Examples:
The right dress to wear to the prom should be in fashion.
He was too tired to watch the program.
Practice. Underline each infinitive phrase.
1. I want to go to Florida.
2. To see it is to believe it.
3. He was too sleepy to talk to us.
4. Mr. Perry needed to cut the limbs from the tree.
5. It will be too cold to stay outside.
Appositives
An ___________________ is a noun or pronoun placed __________ another noun or pronoun to identify or describe it.
Example:
The sculptor Isamu Noguchi has designed sculpture gardens.
An _________________________ phrase consists of an appositive and any modifiers it has.
Example: Lucy Sanchez, my longtime friend from my old neighborhood, has a new Scottish terrier.
REMEMBER THIS: Appositives and appositive phrases RENAMES a noun or pronoun.
Practice: Underline the appositive phrase in each sentence. Draw and arrow to the noun/pronoun it describes.
1. Our community has a new organization, a writers’ club called Writers, Inc.
2. The members, people from all walks of life, have varied interests.
Now, turn in your book to page 463 and complete Review H.