Earth Science Exam Review Semester 1----- Dec 2014
Parent Signature_________
5 fields of Earth Science
Field
3 occupations
5 key term
Astronomy
Geology
Meteorology
Environmental Science
(ecology)
Oceanography
astronomer
geologist
meteorologist
space
rocks
weather
environmentalist
oceanographer
ecosystems
tides
Ex. Professor Rumble is from California and is a seismologist. What field of Earth Science is she studying?
A. astronomy B. meteorology C. oceanography D. geology E. environmental science
Spheres of Earth- Name the 4 spheres of Earth and 3 examples in each sphere
roots what is? Geo
Bio
Graph
Sphere
Hydro
Atmos
Astro
Ology
Metric
Ped
The geosphere consists of: (define and here are 5 examples) (crust, core, mantle., volcanoes, lithosphere)
The hydrosphere consists of: define and give 5 examples
The atmosphere consists of: define and give 5 examples
The biosphere consists of: define and give 5 examples
layers of Earth’s Geosphere
Draw and label the earth and the inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
.
Know the two parts of the mantle upper and lower. Which one is lithosphere and which one is asthenosphere?
Matching-asthenosphere
crust
lithospheric crust
outer core
oceanic crust
mantle
inner core
atmosphere
continental crust
plates
convection currents (in asthenosphere)
A. SOLID
B. LIQUID
C. GAS
D. SOLID AND LIQUID (PLASTICITY)
layers of Earth’s Atmosphere
Pg 284 List the layers of the atmosphere from Earth’s surface to exosphere
Pg 282 –Graph Fig. 11.1 Gases in the Earth’s Atmosphere and their %:
Pg 288- Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere- Hot Pot!
Where does heat from radiation come from?
How is heat transferred by radiation? What form of heat does Earth reflect and absorb?
How is heat transferred by conduction?
How is heat transferred by convection?
Clouds
Pg 297 What is a condensation nucleus?
Name low clouds:
Name middle clouds:
page 300- List the three types of clouds:
Name high clouds:
What does alto mean? What does nimbus mean?
air masses
Describe an air mass: pg 316
Name the 5 types of air masses:
equipment in meteorology pg 324-325
What tool measures temperature?
What tool measures wind speed?
What tool measures air pressure?
What tool measures humidity?
What are the units?
What are the units?
What are the units?
What are the units?
Climate and Weather
Fronts: pg 322--- Name the front system and explain the cold and warm air mass relationship.
Ex. Cold front = A cold air mass pushes and displaces warm air mass upward.
Ch 12
The average daily atmospheric conditions:
The layer of the atmosphere that contains the majority of the weather: T_______________
A type of cloud associated with lightning is called:
What is freezing temperature in F and C?
What is boiling temperature in F and C?
Which layer of the atmosphere has the ozone layer:
Name three harmful effects of ozone:
Which type of front system does warm air advance on cold air?
Which type of front system does do the air masses stall?
Pg 323 Which type of pressure system circulates clockwise: high pressure
What type of weather accompanies a low-pressure system?
What is the most accurate type of forecast?
What type of air mass would form over central Canada?
What type of air mass would for in the Gulf of Mexico heading to Florida?
Which climate location receives the most radiation from the sun? temperate, polar or tropic
Which air mass is cold and moist?
What frontal system pushes cold air on existing cold air?
Why does Earth have seasons?
What type of heat transfer is the circulation of hot air up and colder air down?
Give two examples of a microclimate: M_______________ and H________ I_______________
Name 5 important items for your Hurricane Prepared-ness Kit!
What does Doppler monitor? Pg 327
Why is Florida threatened by El Nino in hurricane season?
Give three greenhouse gases? Pg 393
How do humans contribute to global warming?
How is the greenhouse effect good for Earth?
How is the greenhouse effect bad for Earth?
Which is a long term climate change? El Nino Summer Ice Age
How do we get wind on the planet? Pg 318
Which clouds are closest to the surface and most likely to form after fog lifts?
Show the symbol for a warm front:
To predict the weather is to : F_______________
The daily atmospheric conditions are called:
Climate located between 23 and 66 degrees latitude is called:
A rise in the temperature of the planet due mainly to human activity:
What type of weather accompanies a high-pressure system?
Short-term periods of weather conditions based on the year axis of Earth: S____________
Page 314- 12-1 What is meteorology?
Explain the difference between weather and climate:
How does a meteorologist predict an digital forecast:____________________________
______________________________________________________________________
How does a meteorologist predict an analog forecast:____________________________
mapping and topography Ch 2
Matching------------------A type of map that measures elevation
A. contour interval
The space between contour lines:
B. Greenwich, England
A person who makes maps:
C. Seismologist
The location that the Prime Meridian runs through:
D. topographic
A person who studies earthquakes
E. Cartographer
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The needle of a compass points toward the: geographic north pole or geomagnetic north pole???
On a topographic map, elevation is shown by:
A point whose latitude is 0 degrees is located on the:
The measurement in degrees east or west of the prime meridian is:
A point on a map whose longitude is 0 degrees is the:
Any circle that goes all the way around the globe cutting it into halves is a:
Closely spaced contour lines show that the elevation is:
Spread out contour lines show that the elevation is:
A lake on a map would be:
Lines that indicate depression on a contour map are called:
MAPPING MATCHING
The lines that run parallel to the equator:
The lines that are measured north and south of the equator:
The lines that run north to south on a globe:
The lines that are measured east and west of the prime meridian:
The lines on a topographic map
A. CONTOUR
B. LONGITUDE
C. PARALLELS
D. MERIDIANS
E. LATITUDE
layers of geosphere
1. Name the system of the Earth that deals with Earth’s layers from inner core to crust:
2. Name the layer of Earth that is solid Ni and Fe elements:
3. Name the layer of Earth that is a liquid Ni and Fe elements:
4. Name the layer of Earth that consists of the asthenosphere and lithosphere:
5. Name the layer of the mantle that has moving convection currents:
6. Name the layer of the mantle that is cooled and hardened as a solid crust:
7. Name the portion of the crust found in the ocean bottoms:
8. Name the layer of Earth that makes up the tectonic plates:
9. Why is the hot inner core a solid consistency?
10.Why are the lithospheric plates moving on Earth?
11. What two other layers make up the mantle besides the mesosphere?
12. What part of the Geosphere makes up 1/3 Earth’s mass?
13.What consistency is the lithosphere?
14. What is the consistency of the asthenosphere?
15. Name two more parts of the lithospheric crust besides the tectonic plates:
16. What is the consistency of the tectonic plates?
17. What is the correct shape of planet Earth? Page 27 orange book
18. Why do we weigh more at the poles of Earth than at the equator? Page 30 orange book
19.Name three ways we get information to map Earth:
20. What is the “ Moho” region of Earth
Alfred Wegener
Plate Boundaries and Plate Tectonics --According to Alfred Wegener dinosaur fossil evidence joined which two continents?
What did fern fossils in Greenland and Antarctica reveal to Alfred Wegener in his theory?
Wegener’s evidence of rock formation shows:
A. coastlines matching B. mountain ranges match C. climate patterns D. glacial evidence E. plate tectonics
Name the 5 key facts and evidence of Alfred Wegener:
What two theories derived the theory of Plate Tectonics:
.Sea-floor spreading was a key discovery because it showed
A. that mid-ocean ridges exist.
C. why some rocks have reversed polarity.
B. how continents move.
D. that mid-ocean ridges have rifts at the center.
Today, scientists have identified approximately this many plates on Earth:
A. more than 100 plates
B. less than 20 plates
C. almost 75 plates
D. infinite plates exist
New ocean floor is constantly being produced through the process of:
.Earth’s mantle is heated by: A. the core’s heat
B. boiling water under the ocean C. the sun D. tectonic plates
Convection occurs because heated material becomes__________ and __________ and cool material becomes dense and_______.
1. Geologist think portions of the continents ride on separate pieces of lithospheric crust called: P___________
2. The collision of one lithospheric plate with another creates this boundary: C________________
3. Two plates moving away from each other form this boundary: D_______________
4. Two plates sliding past each other creating this boundary: T_______________ and this feature: F__ __ __ __.
5. The region along tectonic plate boundaries where one plate moves beneath (under) another is called:
6. When an oceanic plates collides with an oceanic plate, this geologic feature forms: I____________ A_______.
7. When a continental plate collides with another continental plate, this geologic feature forms:
8. The layer of plastic movable rock that lies under the tectonic plates helping them to move is called:
9. One piece of evidence Alfred Wegener could not explain in his Theory of Continental Drift was:
10. The Earth is not growing in size because:
A. it has convection currents in the mantle
C. it has too much gravity for subduction
B. it is subducting and has seafloor spreading
D. it has an atmosphere that keep it in shape
11. What two types of plates converge to form a subduction zone?
A. continental and continental B. oceanic and oceanic C. continental and oceanic
12.The Atlantic plate and the N. American plate have which type of boundary along the Mid Atlantic Ridge?
13. What type of boundary exists at the San Andrea Fault in California? A. transform B.convergent C. divergent
14.Who named the super-continent of Pangaea?
15.Where do most earthquakes and volcanoes occur?
16.Name an earthquake and volcano zone on the map:
17.What two plates make the plate boundary at the San Andreas Fault in California?
18.What did Dietz and Hess discover and when???
19.Explain why there are earthquakes and volcanoes on Earth? (Think of the name of this unit to help you write your answer)
20. Why do earthquakes and volcanoes often occur at the same time?
volcanoes
Chapter 18 VolcanoesWhere do most volcanoes occur?
What type of boundary is a subduction zone? What are the plates involved?
Describe the Circum-pacific Belt (remember the Pacific Ring of Fire):
What two famous volcanoes occur along the Mediterranean Belt?
What is a hot spot?
Give an example of a hot spot volcano:
Draw a volcano labeling the conduit, vent magma chamber and crater.
What is a fissure?
How do calderas form?
Which type of volcano is very explosive with big pieces of rock ejecting (tephra) and a steep slope forming?
Which type of volcano forms with violent eruption and then layers of lava Ex. Mt St. Helens.
Which type of volcano has a gentle slope but forms the largest sized volcano?
earthquakes
Ch 19 Earthquakes1. Figure 19.1 Show with arrow and names, the three types of stress on rocks:
Figure 19.3 What type of boundary produces a fault?
Name the three types of faults:
What type of fault is the San Andres Fault?
What type of fault has convergent boundaries?
What type of fault has divergent boundaries?
S and P seismic waves travel from the focus of an earthquake. Which one is fastest?
Which waves are called body waves?
What is the name of the seismic wave that causes destruction on the ground?
Figure 19.6. Where do surface waves originate from?
In order from first to last, name the three waves as they reach a seismic station:
Page 536- Seismic waves C________________ S______________ & D____________. This is how we know the composition and
consistency of the Earth
The outer core of Earth is mostly____________________________________
The inner core of Earth is mostly____________________________________
Richter Scale measures…
Moment magnitude scale measures…
Modified Mercalli’s Scale measures…
The deeper the focus of an earthquake the …
Figure 19.18- Most earthquakes are located along….
What is pancakingwhat is soil liquefaction?
What is a tsunami?
Metrics
Metrics- Give the number for each abbreviation:
kilo, hecto , deka, deci, centi, milli
Basic unit of metrics- Meter, liter, gram--- Which one is volume, mass, length?
Explain their uses: graduated cylinder flask
Define each: Temperature Fahrenheit Celsius
beaker
volume
mass
length
weight
Water boils at what degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius?
Water freezes at what degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius?
MATCHING
This technique is used to find the volume of an odd shaped object
Mass divided by volume calculates:
The amount of water in a graduated cylinder is measured in units called:
The shadow made by the water line when measuring with a graduated cylinder:
The units to measure density are:
A. meniscus
B. milliliter
C. grams per milliliter
D. density
E. water displacement
density
Earth’s MovementDefine:
gravity
mass
weight
rotation
The shape of the earth’s orbit around the sun is called: e______________
The layer of the earth that is the outer covering and the continents:
The layer of the earth that moves the plates
The layer of the earth that makes up the plates for Plate Tectonics:
The boundary between the layers of the earth’s crust and mantle is called: M __ __ __
The shape of the earth is an: O______________ S _______________
revolution
How many days does it take for the Earth to go all the way around the sun?
Draw a picture or explain how convection currents in the mantle cause the crust and continents to move.
Why is the metric system considered easier to use than the Standard system in America?
How many millimeters are in a meter stick?
How many meters are there in a kilometer?
Density : ____ divided by _____ What is the density of a metal coin with a volume of 10 ml and a mass of 100g?
KNOW :Density Lab and the process to find the density of Copper using pennies.
Oceans
Ch 15 Oceans
1. How is water brought to the surface of Earth?
2. Name the chemicals dissolved in seawater besides salt(sodium chloride)
3. What processes affect sea levels?
4. Name evidence that explains how oceans began in the end of Precambrian Time:
5. How is the freezing point of salt water different from the freezing point of freshwater? Give the
temperatures in metrics.
6. What are the reasons for tides?
7. Explain why lunar tides are so high:
8. Describe spring tides
9. What is the density of salt water and how is it different from fresh water?
10. A. Name three or more physical properties of saltwater
B. Name three or more chemical properties of saltwater
parts of a textbook
Parts of the textbook- Describe what information each part gives:
Table of Contents- is this section in alphabetical order?
Index- what does this section do?
Is it in alphabetical order?
Chapters
Where to find Figure 4-1 or Figure 12-6 What is the trick…
Glossary
classroom rules
Name 8 more classroom rules or policies:
1. be in your seat when the tardy bell rings
2. No food or drink in class except water
Name three ways to receive demerits:
Name 3 ways to appear before IAC
Name 2 ways to get detention:
Describe the tardy policy: