Afrodita Fuentes – Fall 07/SED 525S Assignment 1 Bloom’s Levels of Reasoning Questions - Biology/High School 28/30 Peggy LeDuff Cellular Respiration Questions & Answers Levels of Reasoning Knowledge 1. What is the function of mitochondria? a. To synthesize enzymes to speed up chemical reactions b. To provide energy (ATP) to the cell by breaking down glucose. c. To build proteins by linking amino acids d. To use light to make food (glucose) in the cells of photosynthetic organisms. e. f. g. h. To synthesize enzymes to speed up chemical reactions To provide energy (ATP) to the cell by breaking down glucose. To build proteins by linking amino acids To use light to make food (glucose) in the cells of photosynthetic organisms. Answer: b 2. The following concept map shows some of the carbon based molecules needed to provide energy for cells. Indicate the term that best completes this concept map. a. electrons b. ATP c. lactic acid d. hydrogen ions carbohydrates lipids protein s Comprehension Answer: b carbon compounds that are broken down to produce ??? Application 3. Which of the following organism carries out only the process of cellular respiration to acquire energy for cellular activities? a. grass b. orange tree c. algae d. lion Analysis 4. Complete the following table to differentiate anaerobic & aerobic respiration by filling in the chart with the requested information. (I suggest that you get rid of the numbers in the chart, so the students can simply fill it in. Anaerobic respiration Aerobic respiration Starting reactants 1 2 Pathways involved 3 4 End products 5 6 # of ATP molecules produced 7 8 Answer: d 4a. Complete the following table to differentiate anaerobic & aerobic respiration by filling in the chart with the requested information. Anaerobic respiration Starting reactants Pathways involved End products # of ATP molecules produced Aerobic respiration Afrodita Fuentes – Fall 07/SED 525S Assignment 1 Bloom’s Levels of Reasoning Questions - Biology/High School 28/30 Peggy LeDuff Answers: 1) glucose, 2) glucose and oxygen, 3) glycolysis, 4) glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, Synthesis electron transport chain, 5) either carbon dioxide and alcohol or lactic acid, 6) carbon dioxide, water, 7) 2, 8) 36 Anaerobic respiration Aerobic respiration Starting reactants Glucose Glucose and Oxygen Pathways involved Glycolysis Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, and electron transport chain End products Either carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide and and alcohol or lactic water acid # of ATP molecules produced 2 36 5. Yeast cells can carry out both fermentation and aerobic respiration, depending on whether respiration is present. In which case would you expect yeast cells to grow more rapidly? Explain. Answer: Yeast cells would probably grow faster when they perform aerobic respiration because according to the cellular respiration equation, an average of 36 ATP molecules are produced in aerobic respiration and only about 4 ATP molecules is produced in fermentation. Evaluation 6. In certain cases, regular exercise causes an increase in the number of mitochondria in muscle cells. How might that situation improve an individual’s ability to perform energyrequiring activities? a. obtain energy from cellular respiration at a faster rate b. obtain energy from cellular respiration at a slower rate c. obtain energy from photosynthesis at a faster rate d. obtain energy from photosynthesis at a slower rate Answer: a Afrodita Fuentes – Fall 07/SED 525S Assignment 1 Bloom’s Levels of Reasoning Questions - Biology/High School 28/30 Peggy LeDuff Levels of Reasoning Knowledge Cell Division Questions & Answers 1. Uncontrolled cell division occurs in a. cancer b. mitosis c. cytokinesis d. cyclin Answer: a 5 1 2 3 6 Comprehension 4 7 8 2. In the diagram above, cells 3, 5, 6, and 7 represent a. sperms b. eggs c. polar bodies 9 d. oocytes 3. In the diagram, cell 9 represents a _______ and in humans it is released _______. a. mature ovum; every month c. secondary oocyte; every month b. polar body; every week d. sperm; constantly Answer: c Answer: a Application 4. Complete the following cycle diagram of the cell cycle. a Answers: a. cells grows and replicates its DNA b. chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell c. sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and move apart d. cell membrane pinches the cytoplasm in half d chromatic condenses into chromosome chromosomes gather at opposite end of the cell b c Analysis 5. How many chromosomes will be in the body cell of an organism if there are 20 chromosomes in the organism’s unfertilized egg? a. 10 b. 20 c. 40 d. 80 Synthesis 6. Design and complete a table to compare and contrast major points in meiosis and mitosis. Answer: tables/representations will vary, but should include the following characteristics. MITOSIS MEIOSIS Answer: c # of cells produced Type of cell Chromosome # Type of reproduction Evaluation 2 body/somatic diploid (2N) Asexual reproduction 4 sex/gamete haploid(N) Sexual reproduction 7. Does mitosis or meiosis occur more frequently in your body? Explain your answer. Answer: mitosis occurs everyday and probably my lifetime in my body because many cells are needed to grow, many cells such as blood and skin cells need to be replaced, and in the case of injury cells are damaged and also need to be replaced. Meiosis only occurs to produce sex cells and in human females, only one cell completes meiosis every month for a number of years. Afrodita Fuentes – Fall 07/SED 525S Assignment 1 Bloom’s Levels of Reasoning Questions - Biology/High School 28/30 Peggy LeDuff Mendelian and Applied Genetics Questions & Answers Levels of Reasoning Knowledge 1. Define polygenic inheritance and give an example of a character that is polygenic. Answer: polygenic inheritance means that a trait is the influence of many genes. Example. Height in the human population is polygenic trait because there are many different heights and not just tall or short. Comprehension 2. List the possible allele combinations in the gametes of an individual with genotype AaBb. a. AB, Ab, aB, ab b. aa, AA, bb, BB c. Aa, Ab, aA,BB d. Aa, Bb, AA, BB Answer: a Application 3. What is normally used to predict the genotype percentages of offspring? a. Punnett square b. karyotype c. Genetic mapping d. pedigree Answer: a Analysis 4. A man with hemophilia and a homozygous non-hemophiliac woman have a son. Is it possible that the son will inherit hemophilia? Explain a. Yes, the son will have hemophilia because sons inherit traits from their fathers b. Yes, the son will have hemophilia because the gene is in the Y-chromosome c. No, because the father gives his son a Y-chromosome and the hemophilia gene is his X-chromosome, which he does not give to his son. d. No, because the individual needs to have 2 genes. Hemophilia is recessive Answer: c Synthesis 5. Construct your family tree/pedigree using the standard symbols in genetics. Also try to trace a trait in your family and identify the pattern of inheritance of that trait. Answer: A family tree may look very similar to the one bellow with the following additions: generation numbers with roman numerals (this pedigree has I, II, III, IV generations), names of each individual bellow each symbol (circles for females and squares for males), marriages (circles and squares connected by lines), and offspring connected by a vertical line to the marriage. The trait traced is represented by darkened circles and squares; this appears to be recessive because it does not show frequently in the pedigree and it also autosomal because males and females are equally showing the trait. Afrodita Fuentes – Fall 07/SED 525S Assignment 1 Bloom’s Levels of Reasoning Questions - Biology/High School 28/30 Peggy LeDuff Evaluation 6. In pedigree I, if person 1 marries person 2 (first cousins, this is unadvisable), what is the probability their first child will be affected by this trait? a. 2/3 b. 1/4 c. 1/2 d. 3/4 Answer: c 7. What pattern of inheritance is shown in pedigree III? a. sex-linked dominant b. sex-linked recessive Answer: b c. autosomal dominant d. autosomal recessive 8. If individual 6 is not showing the trait, what is the probability that she is a carrier if the mother is neither affected nor a carrier? a. 0% b. 25% c. 50% d. 100% Answer: d