CELL STRUCTURE
AP BIOLOGY HOMEWORK
DR WEINER
Multiple choice (3 pts.)
1. As a spherical cell grows in diameter, the amount of plasma membrane surface area to that of
cellular volume
a. increases
b. decreases
c. stays the same
d. adjusts by becoming thinner
2. From the following choose the statement that correctly characterizes bound ribosomes
a. bound ribosomes are enclosed in their own membranes
b. bound ribosomes are structurally different from free ribosomes
c. bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane-bound proteins and secretory proteins
d. the most common location for bound ribosomes is the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma
membrane
3. Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This
“tagging of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track the location of these
proteins in a cell. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme that will be secreted by the pancreatic
cells. Which of the following is the most likely pathway for movement of this protein as it is
synthesized in the cell?
a. ERgolginucleus
b. GolgiERlysosome
c. ERGolgivesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
d. ERlysosomesvesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
4.
Plant cells differ from animal cells in that plant cells have
a. an ER
b. a central vacuole
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Mitochondria
5.
Cells that secrete a large amount of lipids have more ____ than cells that do not secrete lipids.
a. smooth ER
b. mitochondria
c. lysosomes
d. rough ER
6. Which of the following organelles is common to both plant and animal cells?
a. chloroplasts
b. cell wall
c. mitochondria
d. central vacuole
7. Proteins to be used in the cell’s cytoplasm are primarily synthesized
a. on free ribosomes
b. on ribosomes bound to the RER
c. in the nucleolus
d. in the Golgi apparatus
8. A newly discovered organism is unicellular, has chloroplasts, but no cell walls. What kingdom
does it most likely belong to?
a. Plants
b. Fungi
c. Animals
d. Bacteria
e. Protists
9.
Which of the following cells would probably provide the best opportunity to study lysosomes?
a. muscle cell
b. nerve cell
c. phagocytic white blood cell
d. leaf cell of a plant
e. bacterial cell
10. Which of the following organelles is least closely associated with the endomembrane system?
a. nuclear envelope
b. chloroplast
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Cell membrane
e. ER
11. The small size of cells best correlates with
a. The fact that they are self-reproducing
b. Their prokaryotic versus eukaryotic nature
c. An adequate surface area for exchange of materials
d. The fact that they come in multiple sizes
e. All of the above are correct
12. Archaebacteria are unique prokaryotes that are thought to be more closely related to eukaryotes
than to other bacteria. Which characteristic below supports this idea?
a. Many archaebacteria are adapted to extreme environments, such as deeps sea thermal
vents.
b. The cell walls of archaebacteria lack peptidoglycan
c. Archaebacteria have introns in some of their genes
d. Archaebacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
Choose the correct structure for the following statements
a. Peroxisomes
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Lysosomes
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
e. Mitochondria
13. An organelle that is characterized by extensive folded membranes and is often associated with
ribosomes
14. The site of cellular respiration
15. An organelle with a cis and trans face that acts as a packaging center for proteins
16. Membrane bound sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymes
17. Which of the following statements best supports the idea that certain organelles are
evolutionarily derived from symbiotic prokaryotes living in host cells?
a. The process of cellular respiration in certain prokaryotes is similar to that occurring in
mitochondria and chloroplasts
b. Mitochondria and eukaryotes have similar cell wall structures
c. Like prokaryotes, mitochondria have a double membrane
d. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those of
prokaryotes
18. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) can be used to fluorescently label a specific protein in cells by
genetically engineering cells to synthesize the target protein fused to GFP. What is the
advantage of using GFP fusions?
a. It allows the scientist to study the function of the target protein
b. It allows the scientist to study the three dimensional structure of the protein
c. It allows the scientist to study where the protein is synthesized in the cell and to
track its location after it is made
d. It allows the scientist to study the gene from which the protein is made
19. Tay Sachs is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming
clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this
condition?
a. The endoplasmic reticulum
b. The Golgi apparatus
c. The mitochondria
d. The lysosomes
20. A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, cell membrane
and mitochondria. It could be a cell from
a. A bacterium
b. An animal but not a plant
c. Nearly any eukaryotic organism
d. Any multicelled organism
Essay Questions (10 pts.)
1. A student was looking at 2 different eukaryotic cell types using an electron microscope. In the first
cell type she noticed a very extensive network of RER and Golgi apparati. In the second cell type she
did not see as much. What reason could explain these differences? Support your reasoning.
2. A plant cell is larger than an animal cell, even though they are both eukaryotic. Explain.
3. Describe the theory of endosymbiosis. What organelles are believed to be the result of
endosymbiosis? What is the evidence?
4. All living organisms today evolved from the common universal ancestor
a. what are some characteristics of the universal ancestor?
b. what characteristics do archaebacteria and bacteria share?
c. what characteristics do archaebacteria and eukaryotes share?
d. who are more closely related, evolutionarily: archaebacteria and bacteria or humans and
protists? explain