CELL STRUCTURE
AP BIOLOGY HOMEWORK
DR WEINER
Multiple choice (3 pts.)
1. From the following choose the statement that correctly characterizes bound ribosomes
a. bound ribosomes are enclosed in their own membranes
b. bound ribosomes are structurally different from free ribosomes
c. bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane-bound proteins and secretory proteins
d. the most common location for bound ribosomes is the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma
membrane
2. Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This
“tagging of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track the location of these
proteins in a cell. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme that will be secreted by the pancreatic
cells. Which of the following is the most likely pathway for movement of this protein as it is
synthesized in the cell?
a. ERgolginucleus
b. GolgiERlysosome
c. ERGolgivesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
d. ERlysosomesvesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
3.
Plant cells differ from animal cells in that plant cells have
a. an ER
b. a central vacuole
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Mitochondria
4.
Cells that secrete a large amount of lipids have more ____ than cells that do not secrete lipids.
a. smooth ER
b. mitochondria
c. lysosomes
d. rough ER
5. Which of the following organelles is common to both plant and animal cells?
a. chloroplasts
b. cell wall
c. mitochondria
d. central vacuole
6. Proteins to be used in the cell’s cytoplasm are primarily synthesized
a. on free ribosomes
b. on ribosomes bound to the RER
c. in the nucleolus
d. in the Golgi apparatus
7. The small size of cells best correlates with
a. The fact that they are self-reproducing
b. Their prokaryotic versus eukaryotic nature
c. An adequate surface area for exchange of materials
d. The fact that they come in multiple sizes
Choose the correct structure for the following statements
a. Peroxisomes
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Lysosomes
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
e. Mitochondria
8. An organelle that is characterized by extensive folded membranes and is often associated with
ribosomes
9. The site of cellular respiration
10. An organelle with a cis and trans face that acts as a packaging center for proteins
11. Membrane bound sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymes
12. Which of the following statements best supports the idea that certain organelles are
evolutionarily derived from symbiotic prokaryotes living in host cells?
a. The process of cellular respiration in certain prokaryotes is similar to that occurring in
mitochondria and chloroplasts
b. Mitochondria and eukaryotes have similar cell wall structures
c. Like prokaryotes, mitochondria have a double membrane
d. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those of
prokaryotes
13. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) can be used to fluorescently label a specific protein in cells by
genetically engineering cells to synthesize the target protein fused to GFP. What is the
advantage of using GFP fusions?
a. It allows the scientist to study the function of the target protein
b. It allows the scientist to study the three dimensional structure of the protein
c. It allows the scientist to study where the protein is synthesized in the cell and to
track its location after it is made
d. It allows the scientist to study the gene from which the protein is made
14. Tay Sachs is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming
clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this
condition?
a. The endoplasmic reticulum
b. The Golgi apparatus
c. The mitochondria
d. The lysosomes
15. A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, cell membrane
and mitochondria. It could be a cell from
a. A bacterium
b. An animal but not a plant
c. Nearly any eukaryotic organism
d. Any multicelled organism
16. Which of the following statements best supports the idea that certain organelles are
evolutionarily derived from symbiotic prokaryotes living in host cells?
a. The process of cellular respiration in certain prokaryotes is similar to that occurring
in mitochondria and chloroplasts
b. Mitochondria and eukaryotes have similar cell wall structures
c. Like prokaryotes, mitochondria have a double membrane
d. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those of
prokaryotes
17. Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?
a. The difference in cell membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
b. Limitations on the strength and stability of the cell membrane as cell size increases
c. The need for a surface area of sufficient area to support the cell’s metabolic needs
d. The evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes
18. The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to
most reliably conclude that
a. Nuclear pore complexes contain proteins
b. Small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope
c. At least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the
ribosomes on the nuclear envelope
d. The nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system
19. Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular
components. Which of the following pairs of organelles are involved in the packaging and storage
of these hydrolytic enzymes?
a. Lysosome; peroxisome
b. ER; lysosome
c. ER; Golgi
d. Golgi; lysosome
20. The cell walls of bacteria, plant, fungi, and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all
external to the ell membrane. Which of the following characteristics is common to all of these
external structures?
a. They are composed of a complex of lipids and carbohydrates
b. They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then
transported out of the cell
c. They must provide a rigid structure that maintains the appropriate surface area-tovolume ratio
d. They must block water and small molecules in order to regulate the exchange of matter
and energy with their environment
Essay Questions (10 pts.)
1. A student was looking at 2 different eukaryotic cell types using an electron microscope. In the first
cell type she noticed a very extensive network of RER and Golgi apparati. In the second cell type she
did not see as much. What reason could explain these differences? Support your reasoning.
2. A plant cell is larger than an animal cell, even though they are both eukaryotic. Explain.
3. Describe the endosymbiont theory. What organelles are believed to be the result of this? What is the
evidence?
4. Contrast the following in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
a. general structure
b. chromosome structure
c. cell wall structure