RISK-ADJUSTING HOSPITAL MORTALITY USING A COMPREHENSIVE ELECTRONIC
RECORD IN AN INTEGRATED HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM: QUANTIFYING
HIDDEN SEVERITY
Gabriel J. Escobar, MD, Marla N. Gardner, BA, John D. Greene, MA, David Draper, PhD,
Patricia Kipnis, PhD
WEB APPENDIX FOR INTERESTED READERS
All SAS code used for this project’s data processing or analysis is available to interested
readers.
Number
Description
Pages
1
Characteristics of study hospitals
1-3
2
Grouping of ICD Codes into Primary Conditions
4-5
3
Laboratory Acute Physiology Score, version 2 (LAPS2)
6-13
4
COmorbidity Point Score, version 2 (COPS2)
14-25
5
Statistical modeling strategy
26-27
6
Analysis results using 30-day mortality as outcome
28-29
7
Calibration curves in validation dataset
30-42
8
Changes in standardized mortality rates (SMRs) by hospital unit as a
function of increasing clinical detail
43-45
9
Standardized mortality rates (SMRs) and Hospital Ranking
46-50
10
Beta coefficients for study predictive models (entire dataset)
51-80
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
1
APPENDIX 1: CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDY HOSPITALS
Northern California Kaiser Permanente (KPNC), a group-model integrated healthcare delivery system, is the largest of Kaiser
Permanente’s semi-autonomous regions. The Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. (KFHP) covers approximately 30-35% of the insured
population in Northern California. Under a mutual exclusivity contract, the 7,000 physicians of The Permanente Medical Group, Inc. (TPMG)
provide care for 3,300,000 KFHP members at facilities owned by Kaiser Foundation Hospitals, Inc. TPMG physicians provide most primary and
specialty care for health plan members at 21 hospitals and 56 outpatient clinics located in Northern California. These facilities handle
approximately 17 million outpatient and emergency department (ED) visits, 270,000 overnight hospitalizations and  270,000 outpatient
surgeries each year. KPNC maintains integrated information systems using a common medical record number, which permits linking multiple
data types (e.g., hospitalization data can be combined with electronically assigned severity of illness scores based on vital signs and laboratory
data). All 21 KPNC hospitals (whose characteristics are summarized in the two tables and the figure below) and 56 clinics employ the Epic
electronic medical record, which has been adapted for Kaiser Permanente and is known as KP HealthConnect. Lastly, all KPNC facilities are
under the jurisdiction of a single Institutional Review Board for the Protection of Human Subjects.
TABLE 1A: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KPNC HOSPITALS IN THIS STUDY
Number of medical/surgical beds
< 200
 200
12
9
Total number of acute care beds
1,532
1,981
Average number of overnight hospitalizations per year per hospital
5,211
10,424
Total number of overnight hospitalizations per year for group
62,532
93,819
Average number of hospital admissions per year per hospital
6,125
12,057
Total number of hospital admissions per year
73,500
108,512
Total number of ICU beds for group
171
223
Average number of ICU admits per year per hospital
807
1,809
9,686
16,281
Number of hospitals
Total number of ICU admits per year for group
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
2
Table 1B: DATA FOR ALL 21 HOSPITALS IN THE VALIDATION DATA SET
Hospital
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
N of
hospitaliza- 1,624 2,342 2,371 3,182 3,405 4,015 4,111 4,128 4,435 4,571 4,672 4,698 5,431 6,004 6,557 6,723 7,697 7,936 8,434 9,349 9,970
tions
N of
Inpatient
Deaths (%)
41
(2.5)
89
(3.8)
93
(3.9)
74
(2.3)
104
(3.1)
126
(3.1)
88
(2.1)
135
(3.3)
126
(2.8)
143
(3.1)
125
(2.7)
142
(3.0)
147
(2.7)
132
(2.2)
176
(2.7)
214
(3.2)
246
(3.2)
171
(2.2)
317
(3.8)
347
(3.7)
292
(2.9)
N of 30-Day 73
Deaths (%) (4.5)
129
(5.5)
165
(7.0)
143
(4.5)
165
(4.8)
229
(5.7)
238
(5.8)
204
(4.9)
247
(5.6)
234
(5.1)
205
(4.4)
298
(6.3)
259
(4.8)
190
(3.2)
291
(4.4)
379
(5.6)
441
(5.7)
294
(3.7)
519
(6.2)
591
(6.3)
438
(4.4)
Median
LAPS2
(IQR)
51
(62)
58
(70)
58
(56)
44
(62)
45
(64)
44
(59)
49
(61)
45
(62)
54
(60)
57
(65)
47
(59)
59
(59)
49
(60)
35
(51)
54
(64)
53
(57)
49
(58)
38
(57)
42
(62)
48
(64)
50
(65)
Mean
LAPS2 (±
SD)
55.8
±
39.6
63.1
±
43.9
64.1
±
38.7
53.6
±
39.8
54.5
±
40.4
51.3
±
37.6
56.9
±
38.5
53.5
±
39.4
58.7
±
39.1
62.6
±
40.4
54.3
±
38.0
65.1
±
41.1
57.8
±
39.9
46.8
±
36.4
59.2
±
40.0
60.0
±
39.5
56.5
±
38.8
49.6
±
38.3
53.2
±
40.7
55.5
±
39.0
58.0
±
40.9
Median
COPS2
(IQR)
18.5
(49)
14
(47)
23
(54)
15
(45)
16
(46)
20
(44)
18
(46)
15
(39)
21
(46)
21
(50)
20
(48)
28
(61)
21
(50)
21
(41)
15
(45)
15
(47)
21
(50)
19
(43.5)
15
(41)
21
(47)
21
(48)
Mean
COPS2 (±
SD)
39.1
±
41.0
38.7
±
42.9
41.9
±
41.3
37.5
±
40.4
37.9
±
41.2
36.8
±
38.1
36.8
±
37.5
34.0
±
37.0
38.9
±
39.8
40.3
±
41.7
40.1
±
43.8
46.9
±
46.9
40.7
±
42.7
36.0
±
37.5
37.8
±
41.3
38.8
±
42.9
40.3
±
43.0
36.9
±
39.2
35.9
±
39.4
38.0
±
38.3
39.6
±
42.0
% Not Full
Code at
Hospital at
Entry
11.1
12.6
15.2
7.6
11.5
19.0
16.4
13.1
15.8
14.0
12.1
13.4
12.3
7.5
11.7
12.2
18.2
9.0
12.3
14.6
12.7
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
3
Figure 1C: Percent not “full code” at Hospital Entry Time for all 21 hospitals in the
validation dataset
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
4
APPENDIX 2: GROUPING OF ICD CODES INTO PRIMARY CONDITIONS
We combined Health Care Utilization Project (www.ahrq.gov/data/hcup) single-level diagnosis
clinical classification software (CCS) categories to cluster all possible ICD admission diagnosis
codes into 30 groups, which we refer to as Primary Conditions. The HCUP single-level
diagnosis CCS categories were grouped based on biologic plausibility (i.e., relative similarity
from a disease standpoint) and on the observed mortality rate because, for modeling purposes,
it was desirable to have ~30 patient groupings with at least 30-40 deaths in the derivation
dataset. The table below shows our 30 groupings with their corresponding HCUP category
numbers.
Primary Condition Name
Sepsis
HCUP single-level diagnosis clinical classification
software (CCS) category number(s)
2
Fluid and electrolyte disorders
55
Coma; stupor; and brain damage
85
AMI
100
Cardiac arrest
107
CHF
108
Acute CVD
109
CAP
122
GI bleed
153
UTI
159
Hip fracture
226
Residual codes
259
Renal failure (all)
156, 157, 158
Less severe cancer
11-16, 18, 20-26, 28-32, 34, 36, 37, 44-47, 207
Endocrine & related conditions
48-51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 200, 202, 210, 211
Miscellaneous GI conditions
137-140, 155, 214
Other cardiac conditions
96-99, 103-105, 114, 116, 117, 213, 217
HCUP Hyper Group 1
101, 102, 106
HCUP Hyper Group 2
HCUP Hyper Group 3
0, 10, 141, 144-146, 147, 154, 160-166, 168-196, 201, 215,
218-224, 241-243, 255, 256, 258, 650-652, 654-663, 670,
999, 2601-2621
115, 129, 131, 249
HCUP Hyper Group 4
127, 128, 130, 132, 133
Hematologic conditions
59-64
Ill-defined signs and symptoms
250-253
Liver and pancreatic disorders
151, 152
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
5
Primary Condition Name
Highly malignant cancer
HCUP single-level diagnosis clinical classification
software (CCS) category number(s)
17, 19, 27, 33, 35, 38-43
Miscellaneous neurological
conditions
Problems with nutrition
79-84, 93-95, 110-113, 216, 245, 653
Other infectious conditions
1, 3-9, 76-78, 90, 92, 123-126, 134, 135, 148, 197-199,
201, 246-248
86-89, 91, 118-121, 136, 142, 143, 167, 203, 204, 206,
208, 209, 212, 237, 238, 254, 257
205, 225, 227-236, 239, 240, 244
Miscellaneous surgical conditions
Trauma
52, 58
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
6
APPENDIX 3: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF VERSION 2 OF THE
LABORATORY-BASED ACUTE PHYSIOLOGY SCORE (LAPS2)
The LAPS2 is a physiology-based score using data from the 72 hours preceding
physical entry into a hospital unit other than the emergency department. It includes laboratory
tests (albumin, anion gap, arterial pH, bicarbonate, bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine,
glucose, hematocrit, lactate, PaCO2, PaO2, sodium, troponin I, total white blood cell count), vital
signs (temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, pulse oximetry, and
neurological status checks), and some interaction terms (e.g., the shock index, heart rate ÷
systolic blood pressure). The methodology we developed for extracting, cleaning, and formatting
vital signs, including neurological status checks, from KP HealthConnect is described in a recent
paper by us1, and our SAS code for data cleaning is available to interested readers from these
investigators.
The LAPS2 was developed in a manner similar to that of LAPS, as described in the web
appendix to our original report2; LAPS has been validated externally3 and has been used for
other studies4,5. In brief, the LAPS2 is similar to many existing severity of illness scores, but it
has an important difference with respect to imputation, where it employs two steps for point
assignment. In the first step, a simple model, detailed below, is used to subdivide the population
into two risk groups, those with a predicted mortality risk of < 6% and ≥ 6%. Among patients with
a predicted risk of death of < 6% using the simple model, missing data are imputed to normal,
as is the customary convention in many severity scores. However, for patients with a predicted
risk of death ≥ 6%, points are assigned for missing data for the following score components:
arterial pH, lactate, white blood cell count, troponin I, and neurological status checks.
Neurological status checks from nursing flow sheets, including those found in the Glasgow
Coma Scale, were categorized as follows: missing, normal, ambiguous, abnormal, extremely
abnormal. In addition, because lactate values cannot be assumed to be independent of arterial
pH, lactate and pH are scored using a grid. In those situations where multiple results were
available in the 72 hour time frame, the worst (showing the greatest physiologic derangement)
result was employed. We developed LAPS2 using the derivation dataset described in the main
text (“validation dataset” in this appendix refers to the validation component of the derivation
dataset described in the main text).
Preliminary logistic regression model
In the first regression model (LAPS2 Preliminary Model), we employed a patient's age,
sex, admission type (via emergency department or not), ratio of blood urea nitrogen to serum
creatinine, sodium, and ratio of the anion gap to the serum bicarbonate to predict in-hospital
death. We then divided patients into two groups based on their predicted mortality: low (< 6%)
or high ( 6%). In this model, if a laboratory test was missing, we imputed a normal value. When
more than one laboratory test result was available, we employed the test result taken closest to
hospital entry. The LAPS2 Preliminary Model had a c statistic of 0.76 in the validation dataset
and was well calibrated. The logistic regression coefficients for its components are shown in
Table 3A below. Its performance characteristics in the validation dataset with respect to the 6%
vs.  6% distinction are shown in Table 3B, below. The two risk groupings were retained for
imputation purposes for the final LAPS2 Model.
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
7
TABLE 3A: LABORATORY SCORE PRELIMINARY MODEL COEFFICIENT ESTIMATES
(DERIVATION DATASET)
Risk Factor
Range
Intercept
Coefficient Estimate
-4.31678
Age at Admission
18 - 39
40 - 64
65 – 74
75 - 84
85+
Reference
-0.25234
0.25894
0.48826
0.87647
Sex
Male
Female
0.27430
Reference
Emergency Room Visit
Yes
No
1.39670
Reference
BUN / Creatinine Ratio
<8
8 - 15.9
16 – 23.9
24+
0.26988
Reference
-0.22465
0.39858
Sodium
< 129
129 – 131
132 – 134
135 – 145
146 – 148
149 – 154
155+
0.11980
-0.06801
-0.30494
Reference
-0.02560
0.42071
0.58891
Anion Gap / Serum Bicarbonate
Ratio
< 200
200 – 399
400 – 599
600+
-0.20038
Reference
-0.11174
0.70227
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
8
TABLE 3B: LABORATORY SCORE PRELIMINARY MODEL (DERIVATION DATASET)
Number of inpatient deaths
Number of patients
Predicted mortality risk stratum
Low risk (< 6%)
High risk ( 6%)
245,580
34,349
Predicted
Observed
5,100
5,048
3,391
3,443
Second logistic regression model
Once we defined the high risk cohort for imputation purposes, we tested multiple models
using varying cutoffs for the included variables. We selected the best-performing model and
then employed the logistic regression coefficients from this second model to assign point values
to specific test results. The point scoring scheme resulting from the second regression is shown
in Tables 3C and 3D. Note that missing data get their own risk band for certain measurements
(lactate, arterial pH, total white blood cell count, troponin I, and neurological status checks); for
the remaining measurements, missing data are imputed to normal (zero points). The LAPS2 is
thus a continuous variable that can range between a low of zero and a theoretical maximum of
414, although < 0.05% of patients in our cohort had LAPS2 exceeding 228 and none had a
LAPS2 > 294. The final LAPS2 model had a c statistic of 0.84 in the validation dataset. Figure
3E shows the relationship between the LAPS2 and inpatient mortality as well as the distribution
of the LAPS2 in the entire cohort.
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
9
TABLE 3C: LAPS2 POINT ASSIGNMENT, PART I
Lactate – arterial pH point assignment grid
Arterial pH
7.20 – 7.34
< 7.20
7.35 – 7.44
Lactate (mM/L)
 7.45 or missing
and patient in
high risk group
< 2.00
13
5
0
12
2.00 – 3.99 or
missing and
patient in high risk
group
19
15
12
15
25
26
30
 4.00
34
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
10
TABLE 3D: LAPS2 POINT ASSIGNMENT, PART 2
Laboratory test or vital sign
Range
Points Assigned to LAPS2
SODIUM (mEq/L)
< 129
129 - 134
135 - 145
146+
14
7
0
4
TOTAL SERUM BILIRUBIN
(mg/dL)
< 2.0
2.0 - 2.9
3.0 - 4.9
5.0 - 7.9
8.0+
0
11
18
25
41
BLOOD UREA NITROGEN (mg/dL)
< 18
18 - 19
20 - 39
40 - 79
80+
0
11
12
20
25
CREATININE (mg/dL)
< 1.00
1.00 - 1.99
2.00 - 3.99
4.00+
0
6
11
5
BUN / CREATININE
< 25
25+
0
10
ALBUMIN
< 2.0
2.0 - 2.4
2.5+
31
15
0
SERUM GLUCOSE (mg/dL)
< 40
40 - 59
60 - 199
200+
10
10
0
3
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
11
Laboratory test or vital sign
Range
Points Assigned to LAPS2
HEMATOCRIT (%)
< 20.0
20.0 - 39.9
40.0 - 49.9
50.0+
7
8
0
3
< 5.0
5.0 - 12.9
13.0+
Missing and in high risk group
8
0
11
32
ARTERIAL PaCO2 (mm Hg)
< 35
35 - 44
45 - 54
55 - 64
65+
7
0
11
13
12
ARTERIAL PaO2 (mm Hg)
< 50
50 - 119
120+
8
0
12
0
0.01 - 0.19
0.20 - 0.99
1.00 - 2.99
3.00+
Missing and in high risk group
0
8
17
19
25
9
< 96.0
96.0 - 100.4
100.5+
20
0
3
Heart Rate (beats per minute)
< 60
60 - 109
110 - 139
140+
7
0
7
10
Respiratory Rate (breaths per
minute)
< 20
20 - 29
30+
0
11
21
WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT
(1000s/mm3)
TROPONIN I (pg/mL)
Temperature (°F)
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
12
Laboratory test or vital sign
Range
Points Assigned to LAPS2
Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)
< 75
75 - 89
90 - 119
120 - 139
140 - 159
160+
22
13
5
0
8
14
Shock Index (heart rate ÷ systolic
blood pressure)
< 0.65
0.65 - 0.84
0.85+
0
8
17
Oxygen Saturation (%)
< 90%
90 - 93%
94+%
22
12
0
Neurological Score
Normal
0
Ambiguous or Missing, not in
high risk group
16
Abnormal or Missing, in high
risk group
21
Very Abnormal
36
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
13
LAPS2
Figure 3E
Relationship between the Laboratory-based Acute Physiology Score, version 2 (LAPS2) and
inpatient mortality and number of hospitalizations. Solid bars indicate the inpatient mortality rate
among hospitalizations with a LAPS2 in the indicated range. White bars indicate the number of
hospitalizations.
REFERENCES
1. Escobar GJ, LaGuardia J, Turk BJ, Ragins A, Kipnis P, Draper D. Early detection of impending
physiologic deterioration among patients who are not in intensive care: development of predictive models
using data from an automated electronic medical record. In press, J Hosp Med, 2012.
2. Escobar G, Greene J, Scheirer P, Gardner M, Draper D, Kipnis P. Risk Adjusting Hospital Inpatient
Mortality Using Automated Inpatient, Outpatient, and Laboratory Databases. Med Care 2008;46:232-39.
3. van Walraven C, Escobar GJ, Greene JD, Forster AJ. The Kaiser Permanente inpatient risk
adjustment methodology was valid in an external patient population. J Clin Epidemiol 2010;63:798-803.
4. Oake N, Taljaard M, van Walraven C, Wilson K, Roth V, Forster AJ. The effect of hospital-acquired
Clostridium difficile infection on in-hospital mortality. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:1804-10.
5. Wong J, Taljaard M, Forster AJ, Escobar GJ, van Walraven C. Derivation and Validation of a Model to
Predict Daily Risk of Death in Hospital. Med Care 2011;49:734-43
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
14
APPENDIX 4: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF VERSION 2 OF THE
COMORBIDITY POINT SCORE (COPS2)
The COPS2 was developed in a manner similar to that of COPS, as described in the web
appendix to our original report1. Every month, the KPNC Management Information and Analysis
(MIA) Department scans data from outpatient and inpatient encounters from the entire KPNC
membership. Using the ICD codes from these encounters, the MIA department assigns patients
to 70 possible Hierarchical Condition Categories (HCCs) using their inpatient and outpatient
utilization during the 12 month period preceding each monthly scan. A given patient may have
multiple HCC assignments. The ICD code categories used for these HCCs are those used by
the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services2,3.
We examined the relationship between having any of these 70 HCCs and inpatient mortality.
Based on the mortality risk and biological plausibility, we grouped 43 of these 70 HCCs into 15
comorbidity groups and we retained the remaining 27 as individual HCCs, for a total of 42
comorbidity groups. For example, we grouped three HCCs related to Coronary Artery Disease
(HCCs 81, 82 and 83) into a single comorbidity group, which we labeled Coronary Artery
Disease, as is shown in Table 4A, below.
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
15
TABLE 4A: EXAMPLE OF CMS HIERARCHICAL CONDITION CATEGORIES GROUPING IN THE
DERIVATION DATASET
CMS
HCC
81
82
83
___
2
108
NAME
Acute Myocardial
Infarction
Unstable Angina and
Other Acute Ischemic
Heart Disease
Angina Pectoris/Old
Myocardial Infarction
Coronary Artery Disease
(HCC81, HCC82,
HCC83)
N in cohort with &
without the HCC
Death rate if HCC is
present or absent
Mean length of stay (in
hours) if condition
present or absent
6,457
5.0%
114.6
273,472
3.0%
102.0
4,951
3.7%
100.7
274,978
3.0%
102.3
31,390
4.1%
106.3
248,539
2.9%
101.8
42,798
4.2%
106.9
237,131
2.8%
101.5
11,578
6.2%
150.5
268,351
2.9%
100.2
40,991
4.9%
114.5
238,938
2.7%
100.2
Septicemia/Shock
Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease
We employed these 42 comorbidity groups as dichotomous predictor variables in a
logistic regression model using the derivation dataset. We then assigned a point value to each
comorbidity group based on the coefficients from the regression model. This integrated all
comorbidity information into a single continuous variable that can range from 0 to a theoretical
maximum of 1,014 (however, few observations in our dataset had scores > 300). We then
applied these point values to the validation dataset, which resulted in a model with a c statistic
of 0.76.
Table 4B, below, summarizes the 42 comorbidity groupings (HCC’s) we employed. The
table, which is based on the entire dataset, shows the groupings, the point score assigned to
that comorbidity, the mortality among hospitalizations where a patient did or did not have that
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
16
comorbidity, and the length of stay among hospitalizations where a surviving patient did or did
not have that comorbidity.
TABLE 4B: SUMMARY OF COMORBIDITY GROUPINGS EMPLOYED
Comorbidity group name and
points assigned to COPS if
comorbidity is present
NAME
POINTS
AMPUT
Amputation
18
N of hospitalizations
in cohort where the
patient did not & did
have the comorbidity
Death rate (%) if the
comorbidity was
absent or present
Mean length of stay
(in hours) if
comorbidity was
absent or present
376,727
2.94
99.55
14,857
5.03
146.55
330,012
2.57
98.67
61,572
5.42
115.60
373,979
2.99
100.76
17,605
3.70
113.41
331,619
2.79
100.41
59,965
4.28
106.45
323,470
2.45
97.62
68,114
5.73
118.96
HCCs: 176, 177
ARRHYTHMIA
Specified Heart
Arrhythmias
19
HCCs: 92
ARTH
Rheumatoid Arthritis
9
HCCs: 38
CAD
Coronary Artery
Disease
4
HCCs: 81, 82, 83
CHF
Congestive Heart
Failure
28
HCCs: 80
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
17
Comorbidity group name and
points assigned to COPS if
comorbidity is present
NAME
POINTS
CIRRHOSIS
Cirrhosis of Liver
54
N of hospitalizations
in cohort where the
patient did not & did
have the comorbidity
Death rate (%) if the
comorbidity was
absent or present
Mean length of stay
(in hours) if
comorbidity was
absent or present
387,701
2.99
101.16
3,883
6.21
117.98
334,806
2.68
99.23
56,778
5.04
113.74
365,099
2.70
99.27
26,485
7.39
129.75
380,898
2.95
100.68
10,686
5.42
124.49
380,160
2.86
99.64
11,424
8.45
157.46
379,980
2.97
100.54
11,604
4.58
127.20
HCCs: 26
COPD
Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease
19
HCCs: 108
CRFAIL
Cardio-Respiratory
Failure and Shock
40
HCCs: 79
CVD
Cardiovascular
Disease
19
HCCs: 95, 96
DECUB
Decubitus Ulcer of
Skin
38
HCCs: 148
DIALYSIS
Dialysis Status
29
HCCs: 130
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
18
Comorbidity group name and
points assigned to COPS if
comorbidity is present
NAME
POINTS
DM
Diabetes
11
N of hospitalizations
in cohort where the
patient did not & did
have the comorbidity
Death rate (%) if the
comorbidity was
absent or present
Mean length of stay
(in hours) if
comorbidity was
absent or present
286,574
2.85
97.69
105,010
3.48
111.27
381,066
3.00
100.76
10,518
3.74
121.99
365,071
2.97
99.20
26,513
3.62
130.62
389,023
3.01
101.17
2,561
5.00
125.36
384,719
2.94
100.73
6,865
7.39
135.12
386,048
3.02
101.24
5,536
2.64
107.69
HCCs: 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
EYE
Proliferative Diabetic
Retinopathy and
Vitreous Hemorrhage
19
HCCs: 119
GI
Gastro-intestinal
Diseases
11
HCCs: 31, 32, 33
HEADINJ
Head Injury
10
HCCs: 154, 155
HEMAT
Severe Hematological
Disorders
32
HCCs: 44
HEP
Chronic Hepatitis
27
HCCs: 27
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
19
Comorbidity group name and
points assigned to COPS if
comorbidity is present
NAME
POINTS
N of hospitalizations
in cohort where the
patient did not & did
have the comorbidity
Death rate (%) if the
comorbidity was
absent or present
Mean length of stay
(in hours) if
comorbidity was
absent or present
HIPFX
Hip Fracture /
Dislocation
19
385,285
2.97
100.98
6,299
6.18
122.68
3.02
101.31
3.21
107.51
386,782
2.98
100.83
4,802
6.37
141.61
387,026
2.97
101.09
4,558
7.37
122.16
384,468
2.93
100.24
7,116
7.72
160.17
382,775
2.96
100.88
8,809
5.35
121.10
HCCs: 158
HIV
389,993
HIV / AIDS
33
1,591
HCCs: 1
IMMUNE
Disorders of Immunity
25
HCCs: 45
LIVER_END
End-Stage Liver
Disease
61
HCCs: 25
LUNG
Lung Diseases
22
HCCs: 107, 111, 112
LYMPH
Lymphoma
31
HCCs: 9
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
20
Comorbidity group name and
points assigned to COPS if
comorbidity is present
NAME
POINTS
MALNUT
Malnutrition
35
N of hospitalizations
in cohort where the
patient did not & did
have the comorbidity
Death rate (%) if the
comorbidity was
absent or present
Mean length of stay
(in hours) if
comorbidity was
absent or present
379,831
2.83
99.69
11,753
9.26
154.49
376,058
2.80
100.48
15,526
8.32
122.05
382,709
3.02
101.21
8,875
2.86
106.46
312,462
2.84
97.93
79,122
3.71
114.76
HCCs: 21
METCA
Metastatic Cancer
69
HCCs: 7
NEPHRITIS
Nephritis
15
HCCs: 132
NEURO
Neurological Diseases
9
HCCs: 70, 71, 72, 73,
74, 75
OPPINFEC
Opportunistic
Infections
389,780
30
1,804
3.00
101.09
7.15
152.78
HCCs: 5
OTHCA
Other Cancer
0
364,400
3.07
101.46
27,184
2.37
99.66
HCCs: 10
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
21
Comorbidity group name and
points assigned to COPS if
comorbidity is present
NAME
POINTS
N of hospitalizations
in cohort where the
patient did not & did
have the comorbidity
Death rate (%) if the
comorbidity was
absent or present
Mean length of stay
(in hours) if
comorbidity was
absent or present
OTHINFEC
Bone/Joint/Muscle
Infections/Necrosis
12
384,332
3.01
100.58
7,252
3.23
141.17
372,652
2.94
99.95
18,932
4.58
128.45
340,216
3.06
100.91
51,368
2.77
104.09
389,981
3.01
100.85
1,603
5.86
218.91
313,977
2.57
97.43
77,607
4.84
117.12
372,547
2.87
99.10
19,037
5.99
144.93
HCCs: 37
PARALYSIS
Paralysis
21
HCCs: 67, 68, 69, 100,
101
PSYCH
Psychological
Disorders
9
HCCs: 54, 55
RESP
Respiratory Diseases
37
HCCs: 77, 78
RF
Renal Failure
18
HCCs: 131
SEPSIS
Septicemia/Shock
18
HCCs: 2
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
22
Comorbidity group name and
points assigned to COPS if
comorbidity is present
NAME
POINTS
SEVCA
Severe Cancer
41
N of hospitalizations
in cohort where the
patient did not & did
have the comorbidity
Death rate (%) if the
comorbidity was
absent or present
Mean length of stay
(in hours) if
comorbidity was
absent or present
386,032
2.97
100.89
5,552
6.63
131.86
2.97
100.51
4.48
125.93
373,341
3.00
100.65
18,243
3.43
115.21
389,908
3.01
101.12
1,676
4.89
150.69
367,133
2.95
99.38
24,451
4.01
130.59
332,967
2.68
97.89
58,617
4.93
120.85
HCCs: 8
SKIN
378,889
Skin Diseases
28
12,695
HCCs: 149, 150
SUBST
Substance Abuse
20
HCCs: 51, 52
TRANSPLANT
Major Organ
Transplant
28
HCCs: 174
TRAUMA
Trauma
7
HCCs: 161, 164
VD
Vascular Disease
19
HCCs: 104, 105
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
23
Comorbidity group name and
points assigned to COPS if
comorbidity is present
NAME
POINTS
N of hospitalizations
in cohort where the
patient did not & did
have the comorbidity
Death rate (%) if the
comorbidity was
absent or present
Mean length of stay
(in hours) if
comorbidity was
absent or present
VERTB
Vertebral Fractures
without Spinal Cord
Injury
20
384,753
2.97
101.01
6,831
6.00
119.56
274,783
3.58
107.63
116,801
1.69
86.52
HCCs: 157
NO_HCC
No HCCs present
14
In 116,801 hospitalizations, none of the CMS HCCs were present. These are placed in the
NO_HCC grouping, which contributes 14 points towards the COPS2.
The characteristics of the 116,801 hospitalizations without HCCs are shown in table 4C, below.
TABLE 4C:CHARACTERISTICS OF HOSPITALIZATIONS WITHOUT HCC ASSIGNMENTS
Hospitalizations with
Any HCC
No HCC
274,783
116,801
Mean Age (Years)
68.4
55.2
% Male
46.4
42.8
% non-members
0.8
15.0
% KPNC members < 3 months
1.0
17.5
N
Note that non-KPNC members who were treated at a KPNC hospital are included in our cohort.
Figure 4D shows the relationship between the COPS2 and inpatient mortality and number of
hospitalizations, while Figure 4E shows the relationship between the COPS2 and the modified
Charlson comorbidity score.
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
24
Figure 4D: Relationship between the COmorbidity Point Score version 2 (COPS2),
inpatient mortality and number of hospitalizations.
The COPS2 is based on a patient’s outpatient and inpatient utilization in the year preceding
hospitalization. The COPS2 integrates information regarding these comorbidities into a single
continuous variable that has a value that can range between a minimum of 0 and a theoretical
maximum of 1,014 (in our dataset, however, patients with COPS2 values > 300 are
uncommon). For example, experiencing end-stage liver disease in the year preceding
hospitalization contributes 61 points to the total COPS2, while gastro-intestinal diseases
contribute 11 points.
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
25
Figure 4E: Relationship between COmorbidity Point Score version 2 (COPS2) and the
modified Charlson score 4 based on present-on-admission (POA) coding.
Note that the COPS2 is a longitudinal score reflecting diagnoses captured over the preceding
12 months, whereas POA coding only captures diagnoses assigned during a specific
hospitalization. The figure shows the median, interquartile range and outlier values for COPS2
for patients with a given Charlson score.
REFERENCES
1. Escobar G, Greene J, Scheirer P, Gardner M, Draper D, Kipnis P. Risk Adjusting Hospital
Inpatient Mortality Using Automated Inpatient, Outpatient, and Laboratory Databases. Med Care
2008;46:232-39.
2. Li P, Kim MM, Doshi JA. Comparison of the performance of the CMS Hierarchical Condition
Category (CMS-HCC) risk adjuster with the Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidity measures in
predicting mortality. BMC Health Serv Res 2010;10:245.
3. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid.
http://www.cms.gov/MedicareAdvtgSpecRateStats/06_Risk_adjustment.asp#TopOfPage;
accessed February 1, 2012.
4. Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Ciol MA. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM
administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:613-9.
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
26
APPENDIX 5: MODELING STRATEGY
We predetermined the independent variables to be included in the 5 models so that the
variables added from one model to the next would be increasingly complex. This allowed us to
assess the value of moving from models based on administrative data to more complex models
based on data from a comprehensive electronic medical record (EMR). Table 6A shows the
independent variables included in the 5 models.
Table 6A Independent Variables Included in the Five Models
Model
Basic Independent variables
Age, Gender, Admission Category,
Administrative
Primary Condition
Age, Gender, Admission Category,
POA
Primary Condition
Age, Gender, Admission Category,
Enhanced
Primary Condition,
Comorbidities (past 12 months)
Age, Gender, Admission Category,
Primary Condition
Vitals
Comorbidities (past 12 months)
Physiologic Status (laboratory tests,
including lactate)
Age, Gender, Admission Category,
Primary Condition,
Comorbidities (past 12 months)
Physiologic Status (laboratory tests,
Comprehensive including lactate)
Vital signs (temperature, heart rate,
respiratory rate, blood pressure,
oximetry, and neurological status
checks)
Addition from Prior Model
Comorbidities (POA)
Physiologic Status (laboratory tests,
including lactate)
Vital signs (temperature, heart rate,
respiratory rate, blood pressure,
oximetry, and neurological status
checks)
Care Directives
We constructed the models on the derivation dataset and assessed their performance on the
validation dataset. The derivation dataset (admissions beginning in 2008 through 2010)
consisted of 279,929 linked hospitalizations with 8,491 inpatient deaths (3.03%). The validation
dataset (2011 admissions) consisted of 111,655 hospitalizations with 3,328 deaths (2.98%).
Based on our prior research on predicting mortality1, we developed 30 separate sub-models,
one per Primary Condition, for each of the 5 models.
Given that the independent variables were all pre-specified, the modeling strategy consisted of
determining possible variable transformations and interactions of these variables for the 150
sub-models. We first assessed possible nonlinear effects on mortality for the continuous
variables (age, LAPS2(-), LAPS2 and COPS2) and each primary condition. We evaluated the
contributions of spline functions and variable transformations of these variables by fitting 30
univariate logistic regressions and analyzing the distributions of their c-statistic, Nagekerke
pseudo-R2, Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics, odds ratios and Log-likelihoods across the 30 Primary
Conditions. We assessed possible grouping of the values of the categorical variables
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
27
(admission category, Charlson score, care directives) by tabulating the number of deaths for
each value of the categorical variable and primary condition and computing a χ2 test.
A log transformation of age and COPS2 and a cubic polynomial transformation of the LAPS2(-)
and LAPS2 showed the best performance across all conditions. After examining the tabulations
of the categorical variables we decided that, to guard the robustness of the models, it was best
to collapse the admission category into 2 values: ED and non-ED admission; the Charlson score
into three values: 0-1, 2 and >2 and the care directives into 2 values: full code and not full code.
The same transformations of continuous and categorical variables were used for all of the
relevant sub-models to simplify the reproducibility of these models.
Using these transformed variables, we evaluated the effect of adding interactions to the models.
We evaluated the models’ convergence, their c-statistics, Nagelkerke’s pseudo-R2 and HosmerLemeshow statistics across all 30 sub-models when adding three possible interactions to the
enhanced, vitals and comprehensive models: Age and LAPS2, Age and COPS2 and LAPS2
and COPS2. Based on this analysis, only the LAPS2 and COPS2 interaction was added to the
30 enhanced, vitals and comprehensive sub-models.
Lastly, we validated the predictive performance, discrimination and calibration of all 150 submodels and the 5 overall models on the validation data set using the Nagekerke’s pseudo-R2, cstatistic and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests.
References
1. Escobar G, Greene J, Scheirer P, et al. Risk adjusting hospital inpatient mortality using
automated inpatient, outpatient, and laboratory databases. Med Care. 2008;46:232–239.
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
28
APPENDIX 6: OVERALL MODEL PERFORMANCE IN VALIDATION DATASET USING 30 DAY MORTALITY AS THE
OUTCOME
Table 6A: OVERALL MODEL PERFORMANCE IN VALIDATION DATASET USING 30 DAY MORTALITY AS THE OUTCOME
Location of first hospital unit1
Ward
ICA
ICU
Operating Room
N=35,731 (32.0%)
N=34,516 (30.9%)
N=9,234 (8.3%)
N= 32,174 (28.8%)
All units
Model2
Administrative
POA
Longitudinal
Enhanced
Vitals
Comprehensive
c
R2
c
R2
c
R2
c
R2
0.784
0.171
0.715
0.082
0.722
0.053
0.849
0.171
0.798
0.186
0.740
0.094
0.737
0.105
0.877
0.176
0.809
0.203
0.738
0.099
0.740
0.090
0.875
0.202
0.837
0.250
0.779
0.148
0.783
0.194
0.886
0.215
0.862
0.303
0.807
0.188
0.811
0.259
0.897
0.235
0.879
0.342
0.822
0.211
0.820
0.278
0.885
0.184
111,655(100%)
c
R2
0.807
0.190
0.822
0.207
0.824
0.214
0.853
0.262
0.873
0.304
0.884
0.329
Footnotes
1
Refers to the first hospital unit a patient entered after the emergency department (or after registration for a scheduled
admission). Ward: general medical-surgical ward; ICA: intermediate care areas (telemetry or transitional care unit); ICU: intensive
care unit. N(%) refers to the number (%) of hospitalizations in the validation dataset where a patient began the hospitalization at that
unit.
2
Results shown are for inpatient mortality. The administrative model included age, sex, admission type, and diagnosis; the
POA (present-on-admission) model added comorbidities; the enhanced model substituted longitudinally captured comorbidities for
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
29
POA comorbidities and also included laboratory test results; the vitals model included vital signs; and the comprehensive model
added care directives in effect at the time of admission (categorized as “full code” and “not full code”). Model performance in this
table is measured using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (c-statistic) and the Nagalkerke pseudo-R2.
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
30
APPENDIX 7: CALIBRATION CURVES IN VALIDATION DATASET
The figures in the pages that follow provide a graphical illustration of the calibration of the
various models we tested for both inpatient as well as 30 day mortality.
These figures present information as follows.
TOP LEFT: The X axis shows 10 mortality ranges (< 10%, 10 to < 20%, etc.), while the Y axis
shows the actual observed mortality (with its associated 95% confidence interval) in the
validation dataset for all observations with that predicted risk. The dotted line shows what would
be found were calibration to be perfect.
TOP RIGHT: This figure shows the distribution of observations with a given probability of
mortality among hospitalizations where the patient survived (0, top) and those where the patient
died (1, bottom). As can be seen by examining sequential figures of this type, as a model
performs better, the “spread” between the two subsets will increase.
BOTTOM LEFT: This figure splits all observations in the validation dataset into 10 deciles on
predicted probability of death and shows the number of hospitalizations where the patient was
expected to die (black bars) as well as the number of hospitalizations where the patient actually
died (grey bars).
BOTTOM RIGHT: The X axis shows 10 mortality ranges (< 10%, 10 to < 20%, etc.), while the Y
axis shows the total number of hospitalizations that fell within each of these ranges.
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
31
Administrative model for inpatient mortality (age, sex, admission type, diagnosis)
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
32
POA model for inpatient mortality (administrative + present on admission)
Charlson score)
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
33
Longitudinal Model for Inpatient Mortality (Administrative+ COPS2)
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
34
Enhanced model for inpatient mortality (includes laboratory tests but no vital signs or care directives)
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
35
Vitals model for inpatient mortality (includes laboratory tests and vital signs but no care directives)
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
36
Comprehensive model for inpatient mortality (includes laboratory tests, vital signs, and care directives)
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
37
Administrative model for 30-day mortality (age, sex, admission type, diagnosis)
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
38
POA model for 30-day mortality (administrative + present on admission Charlson score)
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
39
Longitudinal model for 30-day mortality (administrative + COPS2)
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
40
Enhanced model for 30-day mortality (includes laboratory tests but no vital signs or care directives)
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
41
Vitals model for 30-day mortality (includes laboratory tests and vital signs but no care
directives)
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
42
Comprehensive model for 30-day mortality (includes laboratory tests, vital signs, and care directives)
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication save at the Editors’ discretion.
43
APPENDIX 8: STANDARDIZED MORTALITY RATIOS BY LOCATION OF INITIAL
HOSPITAL UNIT
TABLE 8A: SMRs1 BY LOCATION OF INITIAL HOSPITAL UNIT – INPATIENT MORTALITY
Location of first hospital unit2
Risk adjustment model3
Ward
ICA
ICU
Operating room
N = 128,531
(32.8%)
N = 118,053
(30.1%)
N = 32,943 (8.4%)
N = 112,057
(28.6%)
Administrative
0.90 (0.87 - 0.93)
0.73 (0.71 - 0.76)
2.01 (1.95 – 2.07)
0.73 (0.67 - 0.79)
POA
0.94 (0.91 - 0.97)
0.72 (0.69 - 0.74)
1.90 (1.84 – 1.96)
0.77 (0.71 - 0.84)
Longitudinal
0.91 (0.88 – 0.94)
0.72 (0.70 – 0.74)
1.98 (1.92 – 2.04)
1.98 (1.92 – 2.04)
Enhanced
1.01 (0.98 – 1.04)
0.75 (0.72 - 0.77)
1.49 (1.44 – 1.54)
0.85 (0.78 - 0.92)
Vitals
1.10 (1.06 – 1.13)
0.80 (0.78 - 0.83)
1.18 (1.14 – 1.22)
0.91 (0.84 - 0.99)
Comprehensive
1.03 (1.00 – 1.07)
0.81 (0.78 - 0.83)
1.24 (1.20 – 1.28)
0.96 (0.88 – 1.04)
Footnotes
1
See text for description of methodology for estimating observed to expected mortality
ratios.
2
Refers to the first hospital unit a patient entered after the emergency department (or
after registration for a scheduled admission). Ward: general medical-surgical ward; ICA:
intermediate care areas (telemetry or transitional care unit); ICU: intensive care unit. N(%) refers
to the number (%) of hospitalizations in the validation dataset where a patient began the
hospitalization at that unit.
3
The administrative model included age, sex, admission type, and diagnosis; the POA
(present-on-admission) model added comorbidities; the enhanced model substituted
longitudinally captured comorbidities for POA comorbidities and also included laboratory test
results; the vitals model included vital signs; and the comprehensive model added care
directives in effect at the time of admission (categorized as “full code” and “not full code”).
Numbers shown are observed to expected mortality ratios with 95% confidence intervals. See
text for details on how ratios were calculated.
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
44
TABLE 8B: SMRs1 BY LOCATION OF INITIAL HOSPITAL UNIT – 30 DAY MORTALITY
Location of first hospital unit2
3
Risk adjustment model
Ward
ICA
ICU
Operating room
N = 128,531
(32.8%)
N = 118,053
(30.1%)
N = 32,943
(8.4%)
N = 112,057
(28.6%)
Administrative
1.02 (1.00 – 1.04)
0.81 (0.79 - 0.83)
1.71 (1.66 –
1.76)
0.59 (0.54 - 0.63)
POA
1.06 (1.04 – 1.08)
0.79 (0.77 - 0.81)
Longitudinal
1.03 (1.01 – 1.06)
0.79 (0.78 – 0.81)
Enhanced
1.11 (1.09 – 1.14)
0.81 (0.79 - 0.83)
1.31 (1.27 –
1.35)
0.68 (0.63 - 0.73)
Vitals
1.18 (1.16 – 1.21)
0.85 (0.83 - 0.87)
1.07 (1.04 –
1.10)
0.73 (0.68 - 0.79)
Comprehensive
1.10 (1.08 – 1.13)
0.86 (0.84 - 0.88)
1.15 (1.12 –
1.18)
0.79 (0.73 – 0.85)
1.61 (1.57 –
1.66)
1.68 (1.63 –
1.72)
0.62 (0.58 - 0.67)
0.64 (0.60 – 0.69)
Footnotes
1
See text for description of methodology for estimating observed to expected mortality
ratios.
2
Refers to the first hospital unit a patient entered after the emergency department (or
after registration for a scheduled admission). Ward: general medical-surgical ward; ICA:
intermediate care areas (telemetry or transitional care unit); ICU: intensive care unit. N(%) refers
to the number (%) of hospitalizations in the validation dataset where a patient began the
hospitalization at that unit.
3
The administrative model included age, sex, admission type, and diagnosis; the POA
(present-on-admission) model added comorbidities; the enhanced model substituted
longitudinally captured comorbidities for POA comorbidities and also included laboratory test
results; the vitals model included vital signs; and the comprehensive model added care
directives in effect at the time of admission (categorized as “full code” and “not full code”).
Numbers shown are observed to expected mortality ratios with 95% confidence intervals. See
text for details on how ratios were calculated.
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
45
Figure 8C. Relationship between pseudo-R2 for risk-adjustment model and standardized
mortality ratio (SMR), by hospital unit
SMRs for four hospital units (general medical-surgical ward, intermediate care areas (ICAs),
intensive care units (ICUs), and operating rooms (ORs)) as a function of the Nagelkelke’s
pseudo-R2 produced by five risk-adjustment methodologies (ADM - administrative; POA administrative plus present-on-admission Charlson score; ENH - POA plus laboratory data; VIT
- ENH plus vital signs; and FULL - comprehensive (VIT plus care directives), including the trend
(regression) line for each hospital unit. This figure illustrates "hidden severity": note, for
example, that the apparent SMR for ICUs under the risk-adjustment method ADM is quite high
(approximately 2.0), but this is because the expected mortality rate in the denominator of the
SMR (based only on predictors found in administrative data) is too low; when more detailed
clinical information becomes available (moving from ADM to FULL), the expected mortality rate
correctly rises and the SMR drops. See text for details on risk-adjustment methodology.
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
46
APPENDIX 9: STANDARDIZED MORTALITY RATIOS AND HOSPITAL RANKING
We calculated the average mortality rate and predicted mortality for each model and hospital.
The SMRs were obtained as the ratio of the hospital’s observed mortality rate to the average
predicted mortality or
ri /n i
, where ri is the number of deaths, ni is the number of admissions,
x ij
and x ij is the average predicted mortality at hospital i based on model j. We used Byar’s
approximation1 to obtain confidence intervals for these ratios.
Figure 9.1 shows the difference between the comprehensive and vitals models’ SMR ranks
against the percent of patients who were not “full code” upon admission across all hospitals.
Figure 9.1: Effect of inclusion of care directives on Hospital Ranks
(Rank with Care Directives) - (Rank Without Care Directives)
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
11%
12%
13%
14%
15%
16%
17%
18%
19%
20%
% of Patients Who Were "Not Full Code"
The figure shows the relationship between the percentage of a hospital’s population that is “not
full code” on admission (x axis) and the rank change when care directives are added to the
model shown on the y axis. A low rank is associated with a lower SMR and is thus preferable to
a high rank. On the y axis, a negative change (decreased rank) indicates that a hospital’s
ranking would improve (hospital looks “better”), while a positive change indicates that a hospital
would look “worse.” The change in rank is that observed when one subtracts the rank obtained
using the vitals model (no care directives) from that obtained using the comprehensive model
(includes care directives)..
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
47
Table 9.1 shows the SMRs, their 95% confidence intervals and the percent of patients who were
not “full code” upon admission for all hospitals and risk adjustment models. SMRs that are
significantly lower than 1.0 are shown in italics and those that are significantly higher than 1.0
are bolded. The three hospitals with the lowest SMR and the three hospitals with the highest %
of patients who were not “full code” are shaded to show the relationship between SMRs and %
of patients not “full code”.
The information in these appendices is for the benefit of the reviewers and interested readers and is not intended for publication
save at the Editors’ discretion.
48
TABLE 9.1: STANDARDIZED MORTALITY RATIO (SMR) WITH CONFIDENCE INTERVALS AND
SIGNIFICANCE LEVELS BY HOSPITAL AND MODEL
Risk Adjustment Model
Hospital
O
E
T
G
C
F
M
R
P
Q
D
L
H
Administrative1
0.86 (0.79,0.93)
0.81 (0.69,0.95)
0.87 (0.77,0.98)
0.84 (0.76,0.94)
0.9 (0.81,1)
0.99 (0.88,1.11)
0.8 (0.72,0.89)
1.04 (0.96,1.14)
0.96 (0.9,1.02)
1.02 (0.93,1.11)
0.99 (0.92,1.07)
1.04 (0.97,1.1)
1.1 (0.94,1.27)
POA2
Enhanced3
Vitals4
0.87
0.87
0.89
(0.8,0.94)
(0.8,0.94)
(0.82,0.97)
0.79
0.81
0.86
(0.67,0.93)
(0.68,0.95)
(0.73,1.01)
0.84
0.78
0.86
(0.74,0.95)
(0.69,0.88)
(0.76,0.97)
0.84
0.89
0.87
(0.76,0.94)
(0.8,0.99)
(0.78,0.96)
0.88
0.95
0.91
(0.79,0.98)
(0.85,1.06)
(0.81,1.01)
0.95
0.91
0.88
(0.85,1.07)
(0.81,1.02)
(0.78,0.99)
0.79
0.87
0.88
(0.72,0.88)
(0.78,0.96)
(0.79,0.97)
1.01
1.03
0.94
(0.92,1.1)
(0.94,1.12)
(0.86,1.02)
0.95
0.95
0.94
(0.89,1.01)
(0.9,1.01)
(0.89,1)
1.03
0.96
0.94
(0.94,1.12)
(0.88,1.05)
(0.86,1.02)
0.97
0.94
0.94
(0.9,1.05)
(0.87,1.01)
(0.87,1.01)
1.02
1.01
0.95
(0.96,1.09)
(0.95,1.08)
(0.88,1.01)
1.1
1.08
0.98
(0.94,1.27)
(0.93,1.26)
(0.84,1.13)
Comprehensive5
% Not Full Code
0.86 (0.79,0.93)
17.6%
0.86 (0.73,1.01)
10.0%
0.87 (0.77,0.98)
11.4%
0.89 (0.8,0.99)
9.4%
0.9 (0.8,1)
16.4%
0.9 (0.8,1.01)
8.4%
0.93 (0.84,1.03)
7.5%
0.94 (0.86,1.02)
11.7%
0.95 (0.89,1.01)
11.0%
0.95 (0.87,1.04)
13.9%
0.96 (0.89,1.03)
13.8%
0.96 (0.89,1.02)
12.2%
1 (0.86,1.16)
12.8%
49
A
U
J
N
B
S
I
K
0.93 (0.85,1.01)
1.05 (0.99,1.11)
1.07 (0.95,1.2)
0.88 (0.78,0.99)
1.02 (0.93,1.12)
1.1 (0.96,1.26)
1.03 (0.97,1.09)
1.27 (1.2,1.33)
0.93
0.96
1
(0.85,1)
(0.88,1.04)
(0.93,1.09)
1.09
1.03
1.05
(1.03,1.15)
(0.98,1.09)
(0.99,1.11)
1.08
1.13
1.03
(0.96,1.21)
(1,1.26)
(0.92,1.16)
0.94
1
1.08
(0.83,1.05)
(0.89,1.13)
(0.95,1.21)
1.01
1.05
1.04
(0.92,1.1)
(0.96,1.15)
(0.95,1.15)
1.1
1.07
1.12
(0.96,1.26)
(0.93,1.22)
(0.97,1.28)
1.05
1.07
1.18
(0.99,1.11)
(1.01,1.14)
(1.12,1.25)
1.26
1.23
1.21
(1.2,1.33)
(1.17,1.3)
(1.15,1.28)
1.01 (0.93,1.09)
11.0%
1.03 (0.97,1.09)
16.7%
1.03 (0.92,1.16)
12.9%
1.04 (0.92,1.17)
18.6%
1.06 (0.96,1.16)
11.2%
1.12 (0.98,1.28)
15.3%
1.18 (1.12,1.25)
13.4%
1.19 (1.12,1.25)
12.8%
Footnotes:
1. The administrative model included age, sex, admission type, and diagnosis.
2. POA (present-on-admission) model adds comorbidities to the administrative model
3. Enhanced model substitutes longitudinally captured comorbidities for POA comorbidities and also includes laboratory test
results.
4. Vitals model adds vital signs to the Enhanced model.
5. Comprehensive model adds care directives in effect at the time of admission (categorized as “full code” and “not full code”).
Relative to the fully adjusted model, the administrative model misclassifies a third of the outlying hospitals and 20%
of the non-outlying hospitals. The POA, enhanced and vitals models misclassify a sixth of the outlying hospitals and
27%, 13% and 7% of the non-outlying hospitals respectively. While the addition of “full code” status results in a
change of outlier status and ranks, the comprehensive SMRs are not correlated with % of patients who were “not full
code”. Two of the hospitals with the highest % not “full code” also have a high comprehensive SMR.
References
1. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume II—the design and analysis of cohort studies.
IARC Sci Publ. 1987:1–406
50
APPENDIX 10: BETA COEFFICIENTS FOR STUDY PREDICTIVE MODELS (ENTIRE DATASET)
Note: these coefficients are available in either Excel or SAS format to interested readers.
Table 10A: ADMINISTRATIVE MODEL (Inpatient Mortality Coefficients)
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
ED Visit
0020
-10.7330
1.99732
-0.03429
0.26953
0550
-9.4602
1.39459
0.27080
0.30694
0850
-7.1571
1.12353
0.15061
0.19424
1000
-22.7972
4.26220
0.17154
1.34539
1070
-5.6390
1.22836
-0.25727
1.02649
1080
-11.8055
2.02734
0.08241
-0.03673
1090
-8.7961
1.55541
-0.05960
-0.27249
1220
-10.3399
1.77201
0.12476
-0.02110
1530
-10.3990
1.66589
0.17311
-0.44038
1590
-14.0609
2.34448
-0.02993
0.27213
2260
-25.1930
4.77565
0.68049
0.27314
2590
-11.7734
1.89558
0.19203
0.92805
ALLRF
-13.5343
2.33317
-0.23340
0.95036
CANCER
-11.4297
1.40977
0.58956
2.79348
ENDOC
-19.1075
3.31544
-0.12040
1.12998
GIMISC
-15.0509
2.42220
0.08717
1.55066
HART
-11.8622
1.87093
-0.04825
0.91086
HCUP-HG1
-19.2691
3.33235
-0.06673
0.78572
HCUP-HG2
-18.5778
3.03225
0.21047
1.75585
HCUP-HG3
-8.7821
1.40386
-0.19773
1.54555
HCUP-HG4
-11.9213
1.96504
0.22547
0.53983
HEMAT
-11.0968
1.50269
0.33043
1.03133
ILLDEF
-15.2850
2.79867
0.28273
-0.04496
LIVPAN
-13.2452
2.07898
0.39876
0.85979
MLG
-4.7361
0.23132
0.14899
2.32481
NEURO
-8.0784
0.83617
0.24482
0.29702
NUTRT
-11.8654
1.39398
0.51898
3.11806
OTHINF
-13.5447
2.13030
0.23075
0.76552
SURGCX
-18.3678
2.78974
0.42613
2.19045
TRAUMA
-16.6627
2.62493
0.64634
1.71490
51
Table 10B: POA MODEL (Inpatient Mortality Coefficients)
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
-0.05432
0.24485
-0.08981
0.05913
0.36989
1.37372
0.19074
0.31492
-0.08451
0.36143
0.28514
-6.4801
0.94684
0.10807
0.16218
0.04162
0.16548
0.40710
1000
-19.3544
3.35939
0.15871
1.37349
-0.60449
0.06844
0.86724
1070
-5.8750
1.27475
-0.25189
1.04501
0.22147
-0.09778
0.02078
1080
-12.3452
2.07643
0.06507
-0.04557
0.01200
0.24097
0.47934
1090
-8.7348
1.46453
-0.06821
-0.24470
0.28671
0.27221
0.46213
1220
-9.8782
1.66125
0.10680
-0.04695
-0.01033
0.03819
0.22004
1530
-8.8229
1.25696
0.09835
-0.45852
-0.24848
0.27480
0.86121
1590
-13.2379
2.14566
-0.08470
0.22408
-0.42372
0.21358
0.64284
2260
-25.0540
4.74196
0.51439
0.26040
-0.14184
0.30161
0.76778
2590
-10.3780
1.60720
0.14508
0.58429
0.07582
0.22736
0.60500
ALLRF
-13.3503
2.22435
-0.26262
0.92625
-0.30808
0.36317
0.66806
CANCER
-8.3196
0.66515
0.42856
2.43250
-0.39305
0.55921
1.06893
ENDOC
-17.9452
3.06271
-0.20283
0.71743
0.26351
0.12628
0.82930
GIMISC
-12.8283
1.91552
-0.01353
1.37193
0.07124
0.24839
0.83168
HART
-9.7713
1.34131
-0.08586
0.86394
-0.32236
0.40525
0.80931
HCUP-HG1
-16.1072
2.59979
-0.15287
0.56285
-0.37755
0.41863
1.02418
HCUP-HG2
-13.8019
1.97579
0.08408
1.42185
-0.27719
0.55197
1.01589
HCUP-HG3
-8.5634
1.34659
-0.19628
1.52190
-0.05162
-0.02370
0.16922
HCUP-HG4
-11.1629
1.77173
0.20063
0.47517
-0.04853
0.10596
0.35810
HEMAT
-9.6546
1.15779
0.26048
0.94326
-0.02276
0.06388
0.59118
ILLDEF
-12.8628
2.19835
0.19300
-0.06322
-0.12162
0.45269
0.81011
LIVPAN
-9.1872
1.05297
0.23577
0.85856
-0.65205
0.65837
1.14036
MLG
-4.0770
0.05527
0.14649
2.27436
-0.08785
0.04910
0.32631
NEURO
-5.4552
0.16572
0.15195
0.39494
-0.06589
0.47128
0.96447
NUTRT
-11.1510
1.26338
0.39696
2.94287
-0.26712
0.18538
0.47442
OTHINF
-11.6835
1.64093
0.17052
0.80624
-0.01215
0.22810
0.72985
SURGCX
-14.2403
1.89405
0.31470
1.82801
-0.21101
0.17270
1.08000
TRAUMA
-13.5688
1.95153
0.56645
1.52566
-0.10489
0.13189
0.83116
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
0020
-10.1608
1.84954
0550
-9.4115
0850
52
Table 10C: LONGITUDINAL MODEL (Inpatient Mortality Coefficients)
HCUP Super-Group
Intercept
Age at Admission
Male
ED Visit
Log of COPS2
0020
-11.1986
1.90160
-0.06478
0.29088
0.23680
0550
-10.2162
1.41386
0.21845
0.31468
0.19239
0850
-7.7150
1.06907
0.12463
0.19523
0.21991
1000
-22.0911
3.86535
0.18492
1.37702
0.30435
1070
-5.7680
1.18523
-0.26064
1.04116
0.09607
1080
-12.8705
1.93335
0.05821
-0.02130
0.36628
1090
-8.6789
1.40540
-0.06561
-0.26427
0.16816
1220
-10.5074
1.67165
0.09797
-0.02149
0.17179
1530
-10.2400
1.14333
0.13933
-0.44433
0.59798
1590
-15.1038
2.22435
-0.11776
0.22454
0.44497
2260
-28.5097
5.07990
0.54985
0.32490
0.59312
2590
-12.0503
1.79694
0.16575
0.77980
0.23711
ALLRF
-15.3017
2.20845
-0.22103
1.12068
0.55853
CANCER
-11.4841
0.90985
0.42340
2.35007
0.74202
ENDOC
-19.2847
3.06688
-0.15779
0.95609
0.39543
GIMISC
-14.8869
2.08098
0.00415
1.43939
0.40634
HART
-12.1824
1.45631
-0.07999
0.89327
0.59338
HCUP-HG1
-18.5542
2.76777
-0.07315
0.74260
0.51311
HCUP-HG2
-17.5422
2.29894
0.11599
1.49523
0.69775
HCUP-HG3
-8.8061
1.37491
-0.19863
1.53626
0.04215
HCUP-HG4
-11.9279
1.75643
0.20632
0.48410
0.25663
HEMAT
-11.8654
1.39510
0.23039
1.01546
0.34671
ILLDEF
-15.5455
2.45808
0.21904
-0.05118
0.49738
LIVPAN
-13.2708
1.68174
0.29098
0.84468
0.51513
MLG
-5.6771
0.13454
0.13898
2.29012
0.36172
NEURO
-8.2829
0.43373
0.18494
0.24071
0.58860
NUTRT
-12.5983
1.34033
0.41524
2.75247
0.37249
OTHINF
-13.7495
1.67196
0.16687
0.82853
0.56351
SURGCX
-17.1302
2.00394
0.29769
1.79689
0.72633
TRAUMA
-15.7798
2.06938
0.57105
1.54428
0.50787
53
54
Table 10D: (Inpatient Mortality Coefficients)
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
LAPS2(-)
LAPS2(-)
Squared
LAPS2(-)
Cubed
-0.11234
-0.62202
-0.04790
0.02161
0.15006
0.00092
0.000522609
-.000002369
1.04385
0.06739
-0.15683
-0.01039
0.30746
0.08705
-0.03490
0.001016881
-.000004268
-6.9816
1.03793
0.06342
-0.54882
0.07811
0.12122
0.21462
-0.00404
0.000442110
-.000001464
1000
-14.4716
2.29788
0.12113
1.03197
-0.38416
0.07161
0.49857
-0.06074
0.001618414
-.000008043
1070
-6.3582
1.34527
-0.12876
0.19693
0.25612
-0.23456
-0.17089
-0.02529
0.000983726
-.000005258
1080
-9.9911
1.51241
-0.01532
-0.67265
0.18021
0.22798
0.28326
-0.02625
0.001066413
-.000005355
1090
-5.4576
0.66011
-0.06888
-0.79535
0.40857
0.30071
0.25904
0.00058
0.000806410
-.000004889
1220
-7.7755
1.14463
0.07011
-0.60391
0.04634
0.01781
0.05024
-0.01327
0.000760932
-.000003921
1530
-6.5901
0.71411
-0.05206
-1.07443
-0.14120
0.19640
0.53972
-0.01687
0.000851860
-.000003692
1590
-10.0780
1.33839
-0.16190
-0.97072
-0.34614
0.14924
0.45831
0.02348
0.000139707 0.000000176
2260
-22.6092
4.17481
0.48259
-0.09456
-0.10473
0.28345
0.67538
0.01148
-.000122326
0.000002505
2590
-9.8778
1.44028
0.06041
-0.45055
0.14337
0.20302
0.35619
0.01196
0.000360430
-.000001708
ALLRF
-12.2941
1.97153
-0.26082
0.27267
-0.26076
0.39348
0.53906
-0.02531
0.000716412
-.000002588
CANCER
-7.8514
0.55837
0.32909
1.81131
-0.32126
0.60290
0.93317
0.00251
0.000303471
-.000000773
ENDOC
-18.0267
3.09388
-0.19079
0.67923
0.30611
0.09360
0.72737
-0.03402
0.000762027
-.000002841
GIMISC
-10.6090
1.30176
-0.05169
0.19489
0.13617
0.20289
0.65202
0.06345
-.000784003
0.000005012
HART
-7.5381
0.82766
-0.16296
0.04900
-0.21931
0.32027
0.59196
-0.02323
0.001122063
-.000005815
HCUP-HG1
-11.6212
1.54435
-0.16789
-0.12048
-0.20277
0.38797
0.62227
-0.02504
0.001193215
-.000005695
HCUP-HG2
-10.7986
1.22072
0.00843
0.40624
-0.15900
0.48825
0.73556
0.01740
0.000405967
-.000002446
HCUP-HG3
-8.4165
1.29717
-0.18088
0.91921
-0.02091
-0.03423
0.05667
0.01555
-.000164711
0.000001493
HCUP-HG4
-8.8726
1.19384
0.14409
-0.32558
0.06760
0.07271
0.08794
0.00208
0.000500692
-.000002159
HEMAT
-7.0926
0.42401
0.12761
0.13136
0.11960
0.02973
0.37592
0.02625
0.000150861
-.000000980
ILLDEF
-10.3230
1.52118
0.09494
-0.79737
-0.01399
0.36612
0.54481
0.01656
0.000209805
-.000000559
LIVPAN
-7.9613
0.74392
-0.00000
0.08022
-0.43344
0.44512
0.61395
-0.02902
0.001154178
-.000005257
MLG
-2.5698
-0.29630
0.01567
1.85008
-0.05184
0.07068
0.28204
-0.01893
0.000793840
-.000003839
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
0020
-8.1730
1.30059
0550
-8.1049
0850
55
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
LAPS2(-)
LAPS2(-)
Squared
LAPS2(-)
Cubed
0.12427
-0.11995
0.01231
0.44262
0.78590
-0.00938
0.000653326
-.000002861
0.92926
0.33975
3.57043
-0.27441
0.19584
0.47130
-0.10941
0.002745359
-.000016622
-8.2314
0.78553
0.08740
-0.34664
0.10154
0.14386
0.43552
0.01283
0.000498801
-.000002448
SURGCX
-11.0597
1.15595
0.21919
1.35886
-0.10645
0.15521
0.83641
-0.06448
0.002462142
-.000016301
TRAUMA
-10.2917
1.10392
0.50974
0.45775
0.00227
0.07023
0.56653
0.05366
-.000523094
0.000003772
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
NEURO
-3.9475
-0.18616
NUTRT
-9.7447
OTHINF
56
Table 10E: ENHANCED MODEL (Inpatient Mortality Coefficients)
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
ED Visit
Log of COPS2
LAPS2(-)
LAPS2(-)
Squared
LAPS2(-)
Cubed
0020
-8.7240
1.28610
-0.12811
-0.57826
0.17670
-0.00149
0.000561007
-.000002525
0550
-8.2087
1.00438
0.07960
-0.16211
0.08385
-0.03629
0.001052640
-.000004435
0850
-7.4964
1.07561
0.06697
-0.55037
0.10857
-0.00333
0.000439198
-.000001433
1000
-15.3208
2.45238
0.15195
0.89981
0.08750
-0.05449
0.001614261
-.000008216
1070
-5.7059
1.16871
-0.15037
0.21355
0.04202
-0.02741
0.001001070
-.000005366
1080
-10.5710
1.46328
-0.02586
-0.62962
0.25667
-0.02656
0.001038652
-.000005078
1090
-5.2355
0.64043
-0.07249
-0.80692
0.05025
-0.00200
0.000859469
-.000005247
1220
-8.0504
1.13993
0.05974
-0.58595
0.08912
-0.01375
0.000760926
-.000003894
1530
-7.4039
0.55953
-0.02100
-1.07441
0.45378
-0.02023
0.000944433
-.000004157
1590
-11.5451
1.38493
-0.23072
-0.99096
0.36230
0.02618
0.000076418
0.000000680
2260
-25.4981
4.42618
0.51245
-0.10041
0.53232
0.01616
-.000202462
0.000003053
2590
-10.7196
1.53056
0.07298
-0.40201
0.10219
0.01744
0.000308582
-.000001489
ALLRF
-14.0482
1.94554
-0.23897
0.37177
0.49804
-0.01924
0.000631156
-.000002206
CANCER
-10.9810
0.83263
0.31984
1.84732
0.70177
-0.00562
0.000352220
-.000000495
ENDOC
-19.0013
3.03010
-0.15671
0.81200
0.36379
-0.03366
0.000817943
-.000003156
GIMISC
-11.8076
1.30834
-0.05442
0.16373
0.33104
0.07091
-.000878801
0.000005520
HART
-9.2073
0.88646
-0.15008
0.05796
0.43197
-0.02244
0.001119556
-.000005756
HCUP-HG1
-12.5284
1.54407
-0.12337
-0.14981
0.23082
-0.01675
0.001176602
-.000005866
HCUP-HG2
-13.2678
1.36194
0.03303
0.40518
0.53670
0.02099
0.000368266
-.000002132
HCUP-HG3
-8.4742
1.30419
-0.18115
0.91604
0.00763
0.01588
-.000167314
0.000001510
HCUP-HG4
-9.0988
1.15233
0.14076
-0.30993
0.12809
0.00082
0.000505548
-.000002118
HEMAT
-8.4786
0.56863
0.10572
0.15842
0.22239
0.02887
0.000083901
-.000000500
ILLDEF
-11.8457
1.61638
0.10483
-0.84066
0.33855
0.01920
0.000203669
-.000000522
LIVPAN
-9.5304
0.92960
-0.01312
-0.03737
0.25470
-0.02433
0.001157539
-.000005371
MLG
-4.1130
-0.20382
0.01880
1.90477
0.33623
-0.02179
0.000812889
-.000003804
57
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
ED Visit
Log of COPS2
LAPS2(-)
LAPS2(-)
Squared
LAPS2(-)
Cubed
NEURO
-6.1571
0.03501
0.15743
-0.25935
0.44303
-0.01000
0.000700848
-.000003084
NUTRT
-11.0257
0.97153
0.35208
3.33925
0.36317
-0.10670
0.002730773
-.000016774
OTHINF
-9.4757
0.76427
0.08075
-0.30404
0.38434
0.01150
0.000523259
-.000002553
SURGCX
-13.2077
1.21715
0.19938
1.31034
0.56373
-0.06594
0.002552120
-.000017033
TRAUMA
-11.6706
1.16642
0.50309
0.45121
0.31840
0.05562
-.000530028
0.000003836
58
Table 10F: POA_LV MODEL (Inpatient Mortality Coefficients)
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
LAPS2
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2
Cubed
-0.16817
-0.96491
-0.05497
0.02656
0.21063
-0.03408
0.000462719
-.000001057
0.59615
-0.00581
-0.34884
-0.09291
0.29632
0.15327
-0.02708
0.000392016
-.000000783
-7.7408
1.14827
0.06956
-1.16881
0.02131
0.12096
0.24627
-0.00612
0.000235785
-.000000530
1000
-13.7966
1.94387
0.12192
0.54489
-0.25424
0.02069
0.41956
0.00436
0.000156632
-.000000307
1070
-6.6316
1.36570
-0.09976
-0.94725
0.23934
-0.22459
-0.14290
-0.00053
0.000198060
-.000000550
1080
-8.9466
1.22395
0.00521
-1.05535
0.05829
0.17378
0.33234
-0.02447
0.000558122
-.000001734
1090
-5.0474
0.42494
0.04525
-1.31883
0.39072
0.21161
0.12675
0.00334
0.000384740
-.000001391
1220
-6.7046
0.97326
0.05879
-0.85591
-0.00875
0.02064
0.13248
-0.02956
0.000435714
-.000001042
1530
-6.9854
0.49074
-0.08931
-1.67825
-0.12512
0.09225
0.41806
0.02118
0.000159170
-.000000539
1590
-9.0104
1.03765
-0.19654
-1.21589
-0.39179
0.17594
0.53584
0.00236
0.000195212
-.000000356
2260
-20.1857
3.45232
0.49379
-0.45142
-0.12532
0.27446
0.62886
0.03003
-.000157216
0.000000629
2590
-10.3879
1.42371
0.10034
-1.30392
0.04616
0.15783
0.37702
0.01624
0.000114667
-.000000320
ALLRF
-11.1222
1.56393
-0.30699
-0.40600
-0.25215
0.38835
0.55597
-0.00160
0.000260846
-.000000726
CANCER
-8.9730
0.60032
0.30686
0.95961
-0.27938
0.55837
0.88547
0.04842
-.000276858
0.000000925
ENDOC
-17.4886
2.94668
-0.17190
-0.22810
0.30886
0.02985
0.64530
-0.00672
0.000239705
-.000000594
GIMISC
-10.5524
1.05420
-0.08346
-0.31088
0.08682
0.20822
0.64055
0.05153
-.000225821
0.000000648
HART
-7.6623
0.82836
-0.15570
-0.47529
-0.26902
0.29226
0.61492
-0.00407
0.000259505
-.000000644
HCUP-HG1
-11.0011
1.27326
-0.04709
-0.66963
-0.21958
0.31978
0.60630
0.00776
0.000208553
-.000000482
HCUP-HG2
-11.6336
1.29627
0.00082
-0.07082
-0.17795
0.46894
0.72040
0.02281
0.000071954
-.000000245
HCUP-HG3
-8.5417
1.20885
-0.18953
0.14380
-0.00387
-0.04224
0.10078
0.02522
-.000140941
0.000000469
HCUP-HG4
-8.2753
0.94485
0.10918
-0.87650
-0.01267
0.05281
0.16098
0.00317
0.000223160
-.000000566
HEMAT
-8.0109
0.56393
0.18458
0.27938
0.05479
0.01465
0.39027
0.01469
0.000032776 0.000000079
ILLDEF
-10.2317
1.23623
0.09582
-1.08426
-0.03092
0.33260
0.52054
0.03451
-.000086329
0.000000314
LIVPAN
-8.4589
0.83503
0.00541
-0.51756
-0.37266
0.34382
0.48777
-0.00870
0.000401738
-.000001152
MLG
-3.0480
-0.32896
-0.01253
0.71352
0.04622
0.11436
0.29491
0.01319
0.000168404
-.000000485
NEURO
-4.7199
-0.15977
0.17518
-1.06955
-0.00528
0.38840
0.73088
0.02253
0.000059985
-.000000174
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
0020
-6.2571
0.97905
0550
-6.0816
0850
59
NUTRT
-10.1574
0.05761
0.24541
-0.06744
-0.29310
0.08171
0.46943
0.17854
-.001463496
0.000004285
OTHINF
-7.7754
0.58905
0.08638
-0.64015
0.02188
0.12815
0.51995
0.00684
0.000207902
-.000000539
SURGCX
-11.0966
0.95473
0.22607
-0.04884
-0.11808
0.13629
0.74495
0.03779
-.000039538
0.000000097
TRAUMA
-11.0664
1.06061
0.51537
0.02592
0.02760
0.02390
0.47341
0.04568
-.000162161
0.000000482
60
Table 10G: VITALS MODEL (Inpatient Mortality Coefficients)
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
ED Visit
Log of COPS2
LAPS2
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2 Cubed
0020
-6.9594
0.97422
-0.18386
-0.92795
0.20971
-0.03477
0.000466236
-.000001057
0550
-6.1846
0.55686
0.00860
-0.36289
0.08976
-0.02918
0.000423591
-.000000888
0850
-8.1958
1.16745
0.07420
-1.14047
0.11716
-0.00675
0.000242807
-.000000546
1000
-14.5633
2.05447
0.16019
0.52155
0.07596
0.00828
0.000149184
-.000000326
1070
-6.1425
1.17553
-0.12447
-0.93773
0.11387
-0.00221
0.000212354
-.000000593
1080
-9.4269
1.14102
-0.00672
-1.02112
0.27580
-0.02531
0.000557380
-.000001704
1090
-4.7179
0.39387
0.03643
-1.34911
0.00544
0.00295
0.000387996
-.000001398
1220
-7.0862
0.98536
0.05369
-0.84718
0.09438
-0.02920
0.000434008
-.000001042
1530
-7.5709
0.34733
-0.06397
-1.70078
0.39526
0.01789
0.000190823
-.000000613
1590
-10.4772
1.09938
-0.26322
-1.15028
0.36757
-0.00114
0.000226572
-.000000438
2260
-22.9656
3.69313
0.52918
-0.43522
0.49334
0.03383
-.000192731
0.000000739
2590
-11.2175
1.48528
0.11810
-1.28236
0.12348
0.01934
0.000103634
-.000000305
ALLRF
-12.8636
1.52941
-0.29550
-0.26482
0.51577
0.00016
0.000241171
-.000000655
CANCER
-11.8611
0.89918
0.32974
1.05510
0.61847
0.04247
-.000261923
0.000000978
ENDOC
-18.3618
2.88008
-0.12844
-0.14707
0.32003
-0.00409
0.000233541
-.000000584
GIMISC
-11.7828
1.08400
-0.06393
-0.32493
0.28148
0.05697
-.000256032
0.000000694
HART
-9.2316
0.87295
-0.15052
-0.46493
0.41355
-0.00208
0.000239824
-.000000578
HCUP-HG1
-12.1542
1.34041
-0.00137
-0.67013
0.19774
0.01289
0.000199383
-.000000508
HCUP-HG2
-14.1848
1.48208
0.02396
-0.06636
0.48987
0.02619
0.000047687
-.000000170
HCUP-HG3
-8.6319
1.21750
-0.19144
0.13581
0.01671
0.02570
-.000143491
0.000000474
HCUP-HG4
-8.6341
0.91391
0.10842
-0.87309
0.15475
0.00261
0.000225242
-.000000563
HEMAT
-9.3669
0.71039
0.16411
0.30201
0.19678
0.01792
-.000005324
0.000000219
ILLDEF
-11.6628
1.32388
0.10663
-1.10736
0.30388
0.03652
-.000089307
0.000000308
LIVPAN
-9.7702
1.01798
0.02257
-0.62437
0.14948
-0.00531
0.000400993
-.000001179
MLG
-4.1965
-0.23626
-0.01567
0.74882
0.24590
0.01279
0.000161614
-.000000452
NEURO
-6.9112
0.10699
0.20562
-1.15760
0.37003
0.02214
0.000064735
-.000000157
NUTRT
-11.2845
0.13247
0.29312
-0.06853
0.32174
0.16812
-.001365138
0.000004000
61
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
ED Visit
Log of COPS2
LAPS2
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2 Cubed
OTHINF
-9.1928
0.62123
0.08452
-0.63707
0.36952
0.00798
0.000198316
-.000000515
SURGCX
-12.9045
1.02327
0.23602
-0.07023
0.43676
0.03825
-.000028599
0.000000032
TRAUMA
-12.2372
1.13425
0.50947
0.03618
0.24590
0.04494
-.000141888
0.000000412
62
Table 10H: POA_LVE MODEL (Inpatient Mortality Coefficients)
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
LAPS2
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2
Cubed
Not Full
Code
-0.15027
-1.02991
-0.06599
0.02989
0.23176
-0.03765
0.000477205
-.000001074
-0.64414
0.05377
0.00804
-0.41411
-0.12918
0.31134
0.18321
-0.02924
0.000396265
-.000000784
-0.67183
-3.1316
0.29592
0.07364
-1.42888
0.01445
0.12115
0.25985
-0.00999
0.000255752
-.000000563
-0.88120
1000
-11.9547
1.58559
0.14241
0.47994
-0.26265
0.02631
0.41592
0.00672
0.000126042
-.000000215
-0.35896
1070
-3.3758
0.98625
-0.10532
-0.93141
0.24001
-0.21286
-0.14142
-0.00644
0.000233169
-.000000612
-1.57429
1080
-6.7190
0.80881
0.02803
-1.11703
0.04907
0.16962
0.33771
-0.02707
0.000577519
-.000001786
-0.42087
1090
-3.2744
0.10868
0.07182
-1.41155
0.39855
0.22139
0.13755
0.00400
0.000365942
-.000001325
-0.45018
1220
-3.4553
0.37518
0.09868
-0.97736
-0.00603
0.01185
0.14715
-0.02977
0.000417599
-.000000971
-0.74057
1530
-3.3369
-0.17556
-0.03118
-1.79412
-0.12429
0.08212
0.43705
0.01951
0.000158025
-.000000525
-0.84759
1590
-5.3464
0.33575
-0.18158
-1.46030
-0.40672
0.17725
0.55908
0.00719
0.000126449
-.000000136
-0.78720
2260
-17.8657
3.02717
0.52647
-0.49517
-0.11746
0.25412
0.61097
0.02826
-.000150478
0.000000613
-0.45775
2590
-8.0065
0.97609
0.13543
-1.41001
0.05938
0.15831
0.38247
0.01669
0.000101178
-.000000269
-0.55908
ALLRF
-8.4640
1.07116
-0.28841
-0.48505
-0.25404
0.39092
0.55557
-0.00288
0.000259656
-.000000708
-0.55051
CANCER
-7.7048
0.45108
0.31470
0.77938
-0.27428
0.56548
0.91456
0.05227
-.000340398
0.000001122
-0.71570
ENDOC
-15.2015
2.53175
-0.15377
-0.30301
0.30344
0.04488
0.64894
-0.00810
0.000244079
-.000000594
-0.52876
GIMISC
-10.0667
0.96572
-0.07376
-0.32716
0.08634
0.20786
0.64444
0.05174
-.000230073
0.000000660
-0.12706
HART
-6.5868
0.65530
-0.13840
-0.52802
-0.26874
0.29788
0.61435
-0.00353
0.000248205
-.000000613
-0.35982
HCUP-HG1
-9.6346
1.02541
-0.02684
-0.70678
-0.21732
0.32052
0.60259
0.00774
0.000204082
-.000000471
-0.32459
HCUP-HG2
-9.5267
0.94629
0.04680
-0.13859
-0.15339
0.46268
0.71415
0.02352
0.000044723
-.000000136
-0.68477
HCUP-HG3
-4.3996
0.47684
-0.17230
-0.09431
-0.02482
-0.05002
0.16378
0.02236
-.000134673
0.000000493
-0.97745
HCUP-HG4
-5.1475
0.36660
0.14359
-0.97368
-0.01104
0.06969
0.18016
0.00273
0.000210670
-.000000512
-0.73439
HEMAT
-7.2905
0.44414
0.19799
0.26224
0.05008
0.01786
0.39707
0.01422
0.000033311
0.000000079
-0.22966
ILLDEF
-7.6317
0.76975
0.13280
-1.17687
-0.01810
0.33174
0.52692
0.03336
-.000086491
0.000000327
-0.66286
LIVPAN
-6.2260
0.48540
0.02848
-0.65539
-0.33738
0.35539
0.44487
-0.01170
0.000430615
-.000001244
-0.71428
MLG
-1.2441
-0.55936
0.05476
0.44125
0.11665
0.15117
0.32324
0.01295
0.000145304
-.000000378
-0.92555
NEURO
-1.9803
-0.61793
0.21394
-1.23736
-0.00597
0.37834
0.75242
0.02451
0.000012853
0.000000007
-0.88112
NUTRT
-6.9586
-0.54537
0.29303
-0.20262
-0.30117
0.10269
0.51270
0.17437
-.001408539
0.000004064
-0.80560
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
0020
-3.4048
0.47225
0550
-3.1189
0850
63
HCUP SuperGroup
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
LAPS2
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2
Cubed
Not Full
Code
0.12346
-0.69058
0.01284
0.13991
0.54727
0.00777
0.000187116
-.000000473
-0.53018
0.60799
0.24437
-0.17091
-0.12128
0.16030
0.74473
0.03907
-.000067855
0.000000185
-0.76135
0.67361
0.55375
-0.06586
0.04265
0.01874
0.47625
0.04623
-.000185246
0.000000559
-0.69773
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
OTHINF
-6.0316
0.28270
SURGCX
-8.8999
TRAUMA
-8.7961
64
Table 10I: COMPREHENSIVE MODEL (Inpatient Mortality Coefficients)
Log of
COPS2 *
LAPS2
Squared
Log of
COPS2 *
LAPS2
Cubed
Not Full
Code
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
ED Visit
Log of
COPS2
LAPS2
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2
Cubed
Log of
COPS2 *
LAPS2
0020
-9.2701
0.44889
-0.16530
-0.87987
1.49148
0.03195
0.000194906
-.000000675
-0.01724
0.000067883
-.000000093
-0.60498
0550
-0.5281
0.05332
0.03059
-0.40845
-0.64912
-0.19330
0.002396987
-.000007403
0.04227
-.000516353
0.000001710
-0.64259
0850
-4.5895
0.35423
0.08736
-1.38691
0.34491
0.00143
0.000192374
-.000000369
-0.00337
0.000019539
-.000000057
-0.86733
1000
-14.3578
1.45558
0.19217
0.65776
1.02883
0.01831
0.000463353
-.000001858
-0.00746
-.000062065
0.000000384
-0.37144
1070
-5.8428
0.83283
-0.12502
-0.91717
1.01098
0.13604
-.001121110
0.000002836
-0.04649
0.000441811
-.000001125
-1.59384
1080
-11.2530
0.72770
0.01965
-1.03833
1.29493
0.07817
-.000390990
0.000001241
-0.02785
0.000259669
-.000000815
-0.40164
1090
-4.8045
0.02549
0.06678
-1.38941
0.70126
0.05148
0.000061895
-.000000647
-0.01672
0.000113360
-.000000267
-0.45132
1220
-6.6801
0.37936
0.09173
-0.92963
0.86471
0.04034
-.000106678
0.000000295
-0.01881
0.000140148
-.000000338
-0.73107
1530
-5.4836
-0.30393
-0.01688
-1.78430
0.78601
0.01099
0.000411572
-.000001171
0.00126
-.000059206
0.000000153
-0.75437
1590
-2.8196
0.54740
-0.23847
-1.36646
-1.04692
-0.11755
0.001121643
-.000002631
0.03611
-.000286010
0.000000714
-0.69642
2260
-24.6794
3.21337
0.56889
-0.37261
1.66547
0.18656
-.001811752
0.000005897
-0.04334
0.000452192
-.000001425
-0.43814
2590
-10.8316
0.97543
0.15669
-1.40139
0.84951
0.06456
-.000160210
0.000000191
-0.01483
0.000088282
-.000000169
-0.54424
ALLRF
-5.6707
1.09801
-0.25700
-0.31070
-0.67552
-0.18799
0.001915719
-.000004659
0.04555
-.000407303
0.000000970
-0.48691
CANCER
-13.6410
0.76848
0.34759
0.93177
1.38278
0.18821
-.001923854
0.000006237
-0.03934
0.000444465
-.000001408
-0.46600
ENDOC
-18.9244
2.43754
-0.12523
-0.23426
1.18882
0.07435
-.000238301
0.000000036
-0.02350
0.000146595
-.000000218
-0.49892
GIMISC
-13.2736
0.94231
-0.08500
-0.34723
0.93273
0.08296
-.000124519
-.000000612
-0.00891
-.000018505
0.000000305
-0.04851
HART
-10.8885
0.58148
-0.12603
-0.40638
1.29808
0.04487
0.000110767
-.000000545
-0.01397
0.000046068
-.000000042
-0.32592
HCUP-HG1
-14.7054
0.98964
0.02766
-0.61529
1.48819
0.11395
-.000457536
0.000000765
-0.03068
0.000202180
-.000000402
-0.32825
HCUP-HG2
-15.0655
1.05427
0.03921
-0.16375
1.50475
0.09955
-.000397246
0.000000735
-0.02299
0.000143264
-.000000299
-0.63406
HCUP-HG3
-7.3400
0.48603
-0.17172
-0.08503
0.79764
0.10633
-.000867079
0.000002489
-0.02256
0.000195038
-.000000528
-0.96907
HCUP-HG4
-8.1292
0.28877
0.14449
-0.95385
0.94942
0.04513
0.000026590
-.000000173
-0.01290
0.000063168
-.000000128
-0.71300
HEMAT
-8.0911
0.59969
0.17942
0.30270
0.07335
-0.06267
0.001269449
-.000004746
0.01944
-.000317065
0.000001246
-0.18331
ILLDEF
-13.0644
0.81768
0.14319
-1.14492
1.48474
0.13108
-.000751672
0.000001818
-0.02787
0.000195511
-.000000447
-0.60791
LIVPAN
-6.9583
0.56509
0.08022
-0.66525
0.19085
-0.08240
0.001361942
-.000003902
0.01758
-.000234636
0.000000672
-0.73669
MLG
-4.4465
-0.48045
0.03124
0.48298
0.78839
0.08556
-.000508848
0.000001474
-0.01879
0.000166341
-.000000465
-0.85909
NEURO
-7.4848
-0.35559
0.24298
-1.25565
1.32673
0.10497
-.000488208
0.000000877
-0.02411
0.000155374
-.000000277
-0.82459
NUTRT
-22.6424
-0.56244
0.32121
-0.41490
4.54137
0.60543
-.005261574
0.000014955
-0.12390
0.001117587
-.000003183
-0.76865
OTHINF
-12.4161
0.24889
0.12132
-0.59904
1.65108
0.13215
-.000831748
0.000002527
-0.03020
0.000242109
-.000000703
-0.45918
HCUP SuperGroup
65
Log of
COPS2 *
LAPS2
Squared
Log of
COPS2 *
LAPS2
Cubed
Not Full
Code
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
ED Visit
Log of
COPS2
LAPS2
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2
Cubed
Log of
COPS2 *
LAPS2
SURGCX
-13.7703
0.45728
0.25488
-0.21042
1.66093
0.11213
-.000285650
0.000000366
-0.02416
0.000104391
-.000000178
-0.72721
TRAUMA
-12.9205
0.57689
0.55625
-0.09325
1.45191
0.10559
-.000312584
0.000000316
-0.02153
0.000082463
-.000000061
-0.68616
66
Table 10J ADMINISTRATIVE MODEL (30-Day Mortality Coefficients)
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
ED Visit
0020
-13.1985
2.67401
0.04235
0.18690
0550
-12.1269
2.23115
0.42013
0.22691
0850
-10.4784
2.08586
0.10334
-0.04942
1000
-27.1499
5.54986
0.19891
0.48716
1070
-5.8075
1.26467
-0.22426
1.06581
1080
-17.5207
3.46942
0.20444
-0.00157
1090
-14.8161
3.09775
-0.12491
-0.45210
1220
-14.9974
2.95005
0.13670
0.04179
1530
-13.7908
2.51285
0.10818
-0.09180
1590
-19.2874
3.81927
0.11161
-0.04323
2260
-26.3733
5.29719
0.57872
-0.05277
2590
-15.7672
3.02187
0.08132
0.83620
ALLRF
-18.9710
3.67314
0.01214
1.20611
CANCER
-12.8565
1.80626
0.69191
3.32116
ENDOC
-20.8274
3.77134
-0.02731
1.57692
GIMISC
-18.3014
3.27063
0.30354
1.61144
HART
-14.1554
2.42808
0.05670
1.18192
HCUP-HG1
-22.4228
4.20484
0.01285
0.72529
HCUP-HG2
-21.5215
3.82798
0.23426
1.90745
HCUP-HG3
-11.7646
2.15709
-0.16002
1.56212
HCUP-HG4
-14.6536
2.74501
0.20452
0.46493
HEMAT
-12.1349
2.03192
0.35891
0.61157
ILLDEF
-16.9254
3.35090
0.34884
-0.08794
LIVPAN
-15.5341
2.91077
0.39346
0.31834
MLG
-9.2934
1.39916
0.18724
2.85761
NEURO
-11.3331
1.77421
0.17179
0.31244
NUTRT
-17.5640
3.09083
0.42762
2.79049
OTHINF
-17.5909
3.26772
0.20267
0.63142
SURGCX
-22.6088
3.91612
0.35855
2.32459
TRAUMA
-19.5144
3.45726
0.50565
1.58881
67
Table 10K: POA MODEL (30-Day Mortality Coefficients)
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
0.02411
0.16310
-0.07939
0.09576
0.34660
2.24223
0.33698
0.22553
0.12093
0.22659
0.35957
-10.1040
1.98228
0.05747
-0.08776
-0.06092
0.22081
0.41418
1000
-23.9598
4.70918
0.18316
0.51856
-0.71767
0.19042
0.82962
1070
-6.0259
1.31048
-0.21987
1.08223
0.17351
-0.11648
0.00435
1080
-18.1576
3.55138
0.18937
-0.01041
0.04862
0.23880
0.40701
1090
-14.6639
2.98038
-0.14022
-0.42655
0.15489
0.30331
0.55720
1220
-14.6532
2.86667
0.11562
0.01403
-0.05294
0.07371
0.23327
1530
-12.6087
2.19414
0.03079
-0.09669
-0.28238
0.32757
0.85416
1590
-19.3197
3.82020
0.06365
-0.07714
-0.28185
0.09634
0.56917
2260
-26.1634
5.25596
0.44713
-0.08169
-0.04034
0.35833
0.52710
2590
-14.8672
2.84498
0.03465
0.53758
0.11059
0.19658
0.56168
ALLRF
-19.1600
3.67395
-0.00705
1.19260
-0.26904
0.16809
0.51810
CANCER
-10.3022
1.20502
0.55255
3.01990
-0.56136
0.44293
0.98533
ENDOC
-19.9392
3.58753
-0.09400
1.22107
0.13165
0.30053
0.67435
GIMISC
-16.7625
2.93022
0.21767
1.46989
0.01602
0.14913
0.69467
HART
-12.3274
1.96098
0.02148
1.14706
-0.25931
0.38157
0.78758
HCUP-HG1
-19.4934
3.52878
-0.07744
0.50692
-0.39955
0.36670
1.02746
HCUP-HG2
-17.3910
2.92537
0.11760
1.61362
-0.32609
0.48643
0.92047
HCUP-HG3
-11.6811
2.13118
-0.15903
1.54832
0.01640
-0.04645
0.13149
HCUP-HG4
-13.9288
2.55935
0.17671
0.39964
-0.09415
0.12528
0.37212
HEMAT
-10.8302
1.71998
0.27805
0.50888
-0.04955
0.28090
0.56637
ILLDEF
-14.7864
2.82272
0.25941
-0.10750
-0.27855
0.41418
0.83605
LIVPAN
-11.3801
1.83916
0.21112
0.31701
-0.78012
0.75577
1.36886
MLG
-8.3732
1.18326
0.18532
2.80620
-0.33378
0.00301
0.22445
NEURO
-9.4827
1.30789
0.08847
0.40909
-0.16176
0.39638
0.75916
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
0020
-12.7471
2.55473
0550
-12.2138
0850
68
HCUP SuperGroup
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
0.36097
2.68035
-0.06917
0.19434
0.24022
2.96778
0.14803
0.66854
-0.09659
0.22209
0.59572
-18.9384
3.13180
0.23314
1.96324
-0.25532
0.27080
1.06172
-16.6669
2.84580
0.41804
1.39856
-0.26443
0.35271
0.78423
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
NUTRT
-17.3968
3.07588
OTHINF
-16.4687
SURGCX
TRAUMA
69
Table 10L: LONGIT MODEL (30-Day Mortality Coefficients)
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
ED Visit
Log of COPS2
0020
-13.7990
2.59681
0.01032
0.20959
0.25198
0550
-13.1260
2.28081
0.35863
0.23471
0.22474
0850
-11.3221
2.08088
0.07461
-0.04983
0.24068
1000
-26.4976
5.12847
0.21319
0.52592
0.35081
1070
-5.9501
1.21715
-0.22786
1.08228
0.10594
1080
-18.9530
3.45966
0.17624
0.00789
0.36862
1090
-14.7169
2.88509
-0.13692
-0.44168
0.25895
1220
-15.3455
2.88371
0.10848
0.04083
0.18133
1530
-13.8187
2.02673
0.07026
-0.08669
0.60609
1590
-20.9174
3.85298
0.02845
-0.09012
0.42350
2260
-28.7410
5.51533
0.48340
-0.01858
0.43230
2590
-16.4131
2.95737
0.04670
0.66437
0.30469
ALLRF
-20.9109
3.66697
0.02764
1.35689
0.48028
CANCER
-12.9738
1.30649
0.53136
2.92211
0.75871
ENDOC
-21.3760
3.49240
-0.07451
1.35479
0.54133
GIMISC
-18.2673
2.98078
0.22766
1.51513
0.37817
HART
-14.5726
2.07558
0.02839
1.17622
0.54730
HCUP-HG1
-21.8172
3.51007
0.00013
0.66493
0.70035
HCUP-HG2
-20.6501
3.15579
0.14637
1.67157
0.66676
HCUP-HG3
-11.8325
2.10437
-0.16211
1.54408
0.08330
HCUP-HG4
-14.8121
2.54311
0.18186
0.40414
0.29054
HEMAT
-13.3162
1.93378
0.23422
0.58915
0.44809
ILLDEF
-17.4917
3.01893
0.27881
-0.09515
0.57279
LIVPAN
-15.8367
2.55034
0.28038
0.29588
0.55371
MLG
-10.4516
1.30222
0.17913
2.84027
0.41855
NEURO
-11.7807
1.38370
0.10213
0.25182
0.64514
NUTRT
-18.2313
3.08304
0.34809
2.56194
0.26627
OTHINF
-18.2519
2.93465
0.13973
0.70065
0.54392
SURGCX
-21.6826
3.11417
0.20426
1.86818
0.84592
TRAUMA
-18.7757
2.89125
0.41672
1.40063
0.56910
70
Table 10M: POA_L MODEL (30-Day Mortality Coefficients)
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
LAPS2(-)
LAPS2(-)
Squared
LAPS2(-)
Cubed
-0.02105
-0.54361
-0.03929
0.07144
0.14718
-0.01234
0.000702806
-.000003166
1.93777
0.26104
0.02652
0.17953
0.18853
0.21694
-0.05072
0.001203978
-.000005317
-10.5295
2.06486
0.00927
-0.64658
-0.03641
0.20097
0.26865
-0.00729
0.000468423
-.000001771
1000
-19.5853
3.83491
0.16759
0.93509
-0.58576
0.22253
0.56875
-0.12690
0.002847496
-.000015244
1070
-6.5114
1.38246
-0.09426
0.25503
0.20195
-0.25483
-0.18689
-0.02751
0.001037263
-.000005599
1080
-15.8718
3.01802
0.12168
-0.52449
0.19584
0.23305
0.24033
-0.03218
0.001203351
-.000006668
1090
-11.6918
2.27119
-0.15210
-0.88483
0.24310
0.32888
0.40291
-0.00517
0.000807208
-.000004703
1220
-12.5133
2.36813
0.08207
-0.41464
-0.00637
0.05785
0.08838
-0.02945
0.001119185
-.000006400
1530
-10.1906
1.57624
-0.12241
-0.79403
-0.19145
0.25423
0.55511
-0.00194
0.000603144
-.000002513
1590
-17.0325
3.26611
0.01192
-0.80936
-0.22913
0.05327
0.46063
0.00732
0.000250973
-.000000630
2260
-23.6417
4.65816
0.41500
-0.52658
-0.00308
0.34011
0.43563
0.02357
-.000363877
0.000003854
2590
-14.6383
2.75625
-0.03352
-0.29641
0.15991
0.18457
0.38511
0.01643
0.000086354
0.000000119
ALLRF
-18.4302
3.51036
0.00301
0.68917
-0.22954
0.19627
0.41239
-0.02435
0.000589295
-.000001619
CANCER
-9.2848
0.95921
0.44416
2.20001
-0.47182
0.48652
0.82658
0.01403
0.000186492
0.000000110
ENDOC
-19.7743
3.53705
-0.09646
0.70773
0.18098
0.25772
0.54363
0.00815
0.000041462
0.000000587
GIMISC
-14.7344
2.38248
0.19102
0.48860
0.06915
0.11300
0.55485
0.05596
-.000772889
0.000005229
HART
-10.3493
1.49152
-0.03849
0.37677
-0.16923
0.30770
0.60210
-0.00025
0.000517075
-.000002339
HCUP-HG1
-15.1569
2.52141
-0.09921
-0.06837
-0.25162
0.33886
0.68812
-0.02966
0.001260548
-.000006315
HCUP-HG2
-14.2275
2.13943
0.04245
0.61933
-0.22578
0.43278
0.67098
0.01924
0.000317595
-.000001766
HCUP-HG3
-11.4529
2.04867
-0.14506
0.75741
0.04039
-0.05599
0.03052
0.02973
-.000336772
0.000001878
HCUP-HG4
-11.8923
2.04970
0.12776
-0.30630
0.00230
0.10224
0.15295
0.00427
0.000398022
-.000001746
HEMAT
-7.7709
0.92669
0.15447
-0.23240
0.08331
0.25836
0.37319
0.00211
0.000623864
-.000003540
ILLDEF
-12.6496
2.26740
0.18539
-0.68850
-0.20221
0.35500
0.64691
0.01385
0.000127798
-.000000032
LIVPAN
-10.4399
1.60890
0.00995
-0.55228
-0.64037
0.60373
0.96129
-0.02518
0.001132157
-.000005389
MLG
-6.6829
0.77195
0.04967
2.18974
-0.31341
0.02056
0.17558
0.00690
0.000271938
-.000000599
NEURO
-8.0232
0.97124
0.06265
0.00073
-0.09963
0.37316
0.61144
-0.01093
0.000573799
-.000001990
NUTRT
-15.7920
2.67387
0.26579
2.25526
-0.06859
0.16500
0.22156
-0.01096
0.000586913
-.000002677
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
0020
-10.9395
2.08642
0550
-10.7689
0850
71
HCUP SuperGroup
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
LAPS2(-)
LAPS2(-)
Squared
LAPS2(-)
Cubed
0.08259
-0.29456
-0.00642
0.16476
0.37855
0.01772
0.000174485
-.000000122
2.58951
0.15409
1.40142
-0.17931
0.25480
0.87781
-0.01107
0.000677860
-.000002376
2.14941
0.36594
0.58611
-0.19126
0.32034
0.59267
0.04108
-.000452808
0.000003657
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
OTHINF
-13.5835
2.26218
SURGCX
-16.6086
TRAUMA
-13.8967
72
Table 10N: ENHANCED MODEL (30-Day Mortality Coefficients)
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
ED Visit
Log of COPS2
LAPS2(-)
LAPS2(-)
Squared
LAPS2(-)
Cubed
0020
-11.6188
2.08055
-0.03970
-0.49304
0.20195
-0.01469
0.000738505
-.000003300
0550
-11.1400
1.91811
0.27052
0.02158
0.13871
-0.05179
0.001236133
-.000005471
0850
-11.1997
2.10290
0.01783
-0.63824
0.15298
-0.00668
0.000463374
-.000001710
1000
-20.7936
4.02344
0.19620
0.77837
0.19166
-0.12106
0.002824210
-.000015262
1070
-5.8822
1.19985
-0.11539
0.29550
0.05354
-0.03036
0.001060948
-.000005729
1080
-16.8354
3.03492
0.10576
-0.47405
0.27622
-0.03269
0.001171056
-.000006343
1090
-11.6654
2.21447
-0.15480
-0.88422
0.17137
-0.00783
0.000860121
-.000004995
1220
-12.9099
2.37396
0.07325
-0.39748
0.10952
-0.02962
0.001116039
-.000006353
1530
-10.8793
1.37955
-0.09498
-0.79676
0.47211
-0.00534
0.000700917
-.000003019
1590
-18.4860
3.30540
-0.04407
-0.82678
0.37291
0.00754
0.000236490
-.000000416
2260
-25.7141
4.84084
0.44524
-0.52157
0.37636
0.02801
-.000444592
0.000004405
2590
-15.6875
2.82404
-0.03082
-0.24422
0.21054
0.01804
0.000080622
0.000000162
ALLRF
-20.1208
3.51444
0.02489
0.77899
0.43636
-0.01982
0.000526291
-.000001334
CANCER
-11.9390
1.10247
0.41272
2.21840
0.70738
0.00663
0.000206690
0.000000711
ENDOC
-20.9090
3.40816
-0.08249
0.85578
0.49528
0.00076
0.000196062
-.000000113
GIMISC
-15.6362
2.32826
0.18553
0.44972
0.32125
0.06140
-.000843264
0.000005632
HART
-11.9221
1.54826
-0.02787
0.37449
0.40933
0.00087
0.000514327
-.000002286
HCUP-HG1
-16.5359
2.45491
-0.05396
-0.03215
0.46785
-0.02601
0.001259382
-.000006391
HCUP-HG2
-16.4026
2.22036
0.06189
0.62225
0.53013
0.02064
0.000309177
-.000001590
HCUP-HG3
-11.4745
2.01673
-0.14624
0.76385
0.04714
0.02906
-.000330303
0.000001862
HCUP-HG4
-12.3555
2.01942
0.12563
-0.29517
0.18258
0.00327
0.000398645
-.000001670
HEMAT
-9.6415
1.09188
0.12299
-0.19245
0.33335
0.00571
0.000521711
-.000002837
ILLDEF
-14.5521
2.35812
0.19386
-0.71654
0.45747
0.01499
0.000128215
0.000000062
LIVPAN
-12.6035
1.89190
0.01460
-0.73262
0.34258
-0.01768
0.001112526
-.000005436
MLG
-8.7136
0.89967
0.05227
2.26118
0.39876
0.00355
0.000307017
-.000000668
NEURO
-10.0537
1.06535
0.07652
-0.07792
0.53462
-0.01515
0.000641375
-.000002234
73
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
ED Visit
Log of COPS2
LAPS2(-)
LAPS2(-)
Squared
LAPS2(-)
Cubed
NUTRT
-16.5378
2.67998
0.25631
2.12049
0.23717
-0.00820
0.000528480
-.000002337
OTHINF
-14.8985
2.22612
0.07070
-0.23040
0.41401
0.01553
0.000200077
-.000000189
SURGCX
-18.9134
2.56669
0.12775
1.33380
0.72314
-0.01439
0.000773846
-.000003087
TRAUMA
-15.4613
2.16650
0.35627
0.57519
0.43577
0.04220
-.000458055
0.000003767
74
Table 10 O: POA_LV MODEL (30-Day Mortality Coefficients)
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
LAPS2
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2 Cubed
-0.05733
-0.87113
-0.04422
0.07582
0.19686
-0.040124
0.000504726
-.000001175
1.58021
0.20534
-0.32713
0.14473
0.16705
0.23452
-0.029912
0.000423787
-.000000957
-11.3631
2.18405
0.00744
-1.32888
-0.08439
0.19808
0.29150
-0.000642
0.000179107
-.000000421
1000
-17.6929
3.45217
0.17144
0.01745
-0.48082
0.17867
0.45147
-0.052057
0.000702496
-.000001924
1070
-6.5338
1.40335
-0.06748
-0.71567
0.17733
-0.25216
-0.15531
-0.015086
0.000327248
-.000000885
1080
-15.2625
2.85757
0.15184
-0.87673
0.10719
0.18875
0.28272
-0.022880
0.000495325
-.000001532
1090
-11.0587
2.06453
-0.06244
-1.43091
0.22505
0.26229
0.28370
-0.008919
0.000484672
-.000001670
1220
-11.8229
2.26791
0.07379
-0.76075
-0.05571
0.06100
0.15206
-0.029662
0.000448002
-.000001143
1530
-10.7930
1.40011
-0.16009
-1.24345
-0.19249
0.18031
0.47101
0.027271
0.000101571
-.000000414
1590
-15.9736
3.03356
-0.01063
-1.02134
-0.25464
0.05416
0.50594
-0.008050
0.000219465
-.000000409
2260
-20.9629
3.84074
0.42880
-0.91540
-0.01903
0.32971
0.37893
0.038808
-.000222814
0.000000824
2590
-14.9998
2.70878
-0.00474
-0.87706
0.09076
0.15837
0.41087
0.021301
-.000009083
0.000000055
ALLRF
-17.1792
3.09125
-0.03379
0.03356
-0.23066
0.18246
0.43305
-0.000879
0.000234145
-.000000675
CANCER
-10.3307
1.02304
0.43635
1.53512
-0.43162
0.44537
0.83020
0.038024
-.000103572
0.000000314
ENDOC
-19.5492
3.43376
-0.07296
0.27003
0.17264
0.20792
0.50379
0.005666
0.000130006
-.000000383
GIMISC
-14.7090
2.17374
0.17823
0.08588
0.02839
0.11816
0.54436
0.046812
-.000233970
0.000000678
HART
-10.5109
1.47118
-0.02783
-0.10362
-0.20344
0.27884
0.60582
0.006900
0.000143448
-.000000366
HCUP-HG1
-14.4618
2.22307
0.00966
-0.69641
-0.27079
0.26838
0.65611
0.007463
0.000237117
-.000000682
HCUP-HG2
-15.0656
2.20310
0.03605
0.20290
-0.25485
0.42503
0.67049
0.026409
0.000028080
-.000000163
HCUP-HG3
-11.9847
2.00618
-0.14501
-0.05170
0.05604
-0.05861
0.06237
0.037438
-.000213482
0.000000563
HCUP-HG4
-11.5295
1.87817
0.10461
-0.75839
-0.07010
0.08465
0.21384
0.004574
0.000167711
-.000000394
HEMAT
-8.7815
1.06754
0.19405
-0.24134
0.02845
0.23942
0.37758
0.004646
0.000211836
-.000000670
ILLDEF
-12.5643
2.02283
0.18384
-0.96508
-0.21533
0.32344
0.62780
0.032484
-.000113920
0.000000379
LIVPAN
-10.9519
1.72505
0.03849
-0.99655
-0.58770
0.54762
0.87349
-0.010891
0.000426936
-.000001306
MLG
-7.4988
0.82817
0.03394
1.35637
-0.23735
0.05024
0.18760
0.016243
0.000165624
-.000000551
NEURO
-8.2350
0.91472
0.09896
-0.82583
-0.11267
0.32546
0.55742
0.013213
0.000125970
-.000000346
NUTRT
-15.2293
2.04949
0.31014
0.68904
-0.05990
0.12370
0.20540
0.094882
-.000713299
0.000002176
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
0020
-9.2028
1.82637
0550
-9.1935
0850
75
HCUP SuperGroup
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
LAPS2
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2 Cubed
0.08013
-0.64801
-0.06960
0.14844
0.43054
0.010868
0.000132971
-.000000301
2.29637
0.14957
0.34364
-0.19737
0.24866
0.82739
0.044354
-.000196141
0.000000703
1.99445
0.37033
0.13391
-0.17059
0.29198
0.50036
0.045329
-.000227933
0.000000758
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
OTHINF
-12.7738
1.97509
SURGCX
-16.2366
TRAUMA
-14.1684
76
Table 10P: VITALS MODEL (30-Day Mortality Coefficients)
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
ED Visit
Log of COPS2
LAPS2
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2 Cubed
0020
-10.0051
1.82820
-0.07610
-0.83034
0.22895
-0.040679
0.000506501
-.000001169
0550
-9.5583
1.56566
0.21502
-0.33822
0.13055
-0.031306
0.000449901
-.000001051
0850
-11.9399
2.20600
0.01792
-1.28740
0.15273
-0.001782
0.000189877
-.000000445
1000
-18.7474
3.59514
0.20189
-0.04009
0.16374
-0.049065
0.000692871
-.000001914
1070
-6.0937
1.20947
-0.09009
-0.69503
0.12767
-0.016619
0.000339627
-.000000924
1080
-16.0332
2.82309
0.13350
-0.83446
0.29248
-0.023850
0.000491880
-.000001485
1090
-10.9458
1.99880
-0.06808
-1.44942
0.13276
-0.009394
0.000489852
-.000001680
1220
-12.2792
2.28164
0.06982
-0.75023
0.11404
-0.029405
0.000447659
-.000001149
1530
-11.3710
1.22638
-0.13663
-1.26992
0.42956
0.024512
0.000130276
-.000000480
1590
-17.4369
3.08474
-0.06487
-0.98404
0.37565
-0.010460
0.000237112
-.000000445
2260
-22.7335
3.97283
0.45896
-0.89372
0.33157
0.042639
-.000258649
0.000000935
2590
-16.0418
2.76012
0.00080
-0.83641
0.22734
0.021764
-.000004513
0.000000042
ALLRF
-18.8397
3.09216
-0.01592
0.16403
0.44343
0.000316
0.000217716
-.000000610
CANCER
-12.8246
1.20873
0.43639
1.61039
0.64274
0.029018
-.000041959
0.000000183
ENDOC
-20.5616
3.30989
-0.05412
0.36745
0.47054
0.001174
0.000178733
-.000000500
GIMISC
-15.6305
2.14215
0.18739
0.07192
0.28419
0.049655
-.000245535
0.000000683
HART
-11.9866
1.52297
-0.02193
-0.10454
0.37725
0.009253
0.000122271
-.000000299
HCUP-HG1
-15.9173
2.21328
0.05100
-0.64919
0.41853
0.009038
0.000238628
-.000000698
HCUP-HG2
-17.3655
2.33683
0.05632
0.20893
0.48929
0.028862
0.000006756
-.000000086
HCUP-HG3
-12.0122
1.97606
-0.14827
-0.04918
0.05256
0.036905
-.000209655
0.000000555
HCUP-HG4
-12.1040
1.85742
0.10513
-0.75290
0.20586
0.003945
0.000169301
-.000000385
HEMAT
-10.5348
1.22357
0.16283
-0.18963
0.29910
0.007737
0.000167427
-.000000496
ILLDEF
-14.3817
2.11444
0.19398
-0.97860
0.42509
0.033199
-.000112900
0.000000379
LIVPAN
-13.0587
2.03233
0.07734
-1.16748
0.25336
-0.005509
0.000421295
-.000001334
MLG
-9.2667
0.95768
0.03528
1.41190
0.33745
0.015384
0.000165645
-.000000541
NEURO
-10.1135
1.02855
0.11084
-0.89637
0.46155
0.012362
0.000117905
-.000000259
NUTRT
-15.8703
2.05431
0.30059
0.64592
0.21795
0.092399
-.000695446
0.000002144
77
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
ED Visit
Log of COPS2
LAPS2
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2 Cubed
OTHINF
-14.1276
1.96714
0.07208
-0.62272
0.39600
0.010883
0.000129669
-.000000288
SURGCX
-18.3620
2.30608
0.13600
0.32468
0.63638
0.041328
-.000162902
0.000000587
TRAUMA
-15.5372
2.02539
0.35727
0.14263
0.36717
0.043632
-.000200804
0.000000673
Table 10Q: POA_LVE MODEL (30-Day Mortality Coefficients)
HCUP
SuperGroup
78
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
LAPS2
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2
Cubed
Not Full
Code
-0.02677
-1.00252
-0.05960
0.07860
0.22409
-0.046302
0.000534802
-.000001219
-0.98181
0.64268
0.23490
-0.46873
0.09863
0.18980
0.26972
-0.033551
0.000431233
-.000000951
-1.09885
-4.6128
0.92960
0.02312
-1.72847
-0.10150
0.19832
0.31077
-0.007053
0.000218937
-.000000497
-1.23502
1000
-12.2845
2.41143
0.24004
-0.19378
-0.51168
0.19730
0.43338
-0.049480
0.000654951
-.000001764
-0.96772
1070
-3.1272
1.01421
-0.07236
-0.70184
0.17694
-0.23838
-0.15383
-0.021544
0.000367696
-.000000962
-1.67495
1080
-10.2287
1.90242
0.20291
-1.03978
0.09856
0.18585
0.29180
-0.029244
0.000546673
-.000001669
-0.84389
1090
-7.1350
1.35898
-0.01253
-1.65154
0.23815
0.28328
0.30656
-0.009655
0.000471455
-.000001607
-0.90691
1220
-6.0693
1.18335
0.14240
-0.99293
-0.05085
0.04755
0.16575
-0.031917
0.000441771
-.000001092
-1.11757
1530
-5.1467
0.35234
-0.06452
-1.43141
-0.19277
0.17384
0.49039
0.023261
0.000116148
-.000000434
-1.19195
1590
-10.3971
1.95122
0.03964
-1.37319
-0.26811
0.03981
0.52738
-0.004366
0.000157161
-.000000202
-0.99094
2260
-17.6151
3.22573
0.47995
-0.98616
-0.00707
0.30129
0.35208
0.036651
-.000219397
0.000000829
-0.66211
2590
-10.8542
1.92761
0.05638
-1.08905
0.10815
0.16028
0.42049
0.021259
-.000023908
0.000000121
-0.90273
ALLRF
-10.8062
1.89654
0.02191
-0.18888
-0.24070
0.19290
0.42288
-0.005072
0.000242303
-.000000650
-1.21217
CANCER
-7.3658
0.61333
0.47329
1.15847
-0.42161
0.46653
0.92372
0.040914
-.000153992
0.000000432
-1.34647
ENDOC
-14.5331
2.50758
-0.03090
0.09693
0.16433
0.23447
0.50760
0.002013
0.000145390
-.000000393
-1.07863
GIMISC
-12.2128
1.70412
0.21961
0.00152
0.02921
0.11847
0.55713
0.047476
-.000251386
0.000000737
-0.56793
HART
-7.3958
0.95078
0.02181
-0.25619
-0.20358
0.29032
0.60703
0.007313
0.000120061
-.000000291
-0.93206
HCUP-HG1
-10.1861
1.42903
0.07169
-0.82040
-0.26452
0.27082
0.64577
0.005981
0.000236411
-.000000670
-0.89682
HCUP-HG2
-10.9360
1.49170
0.11976
0.05378
-0.22031
0.41526
0.66429
0.026196
-.000005246
-.000000005
-1.18116
HCUP-HG3
-6.2996
0.99397
-0.12467
-0.39142
0.03359
-0.07322
0.14373
0.033417
-.000200943
0.000000582
-1.29238
HCUP-HG4
-6.7673
0.98584
0.16145
-0.92808
-0.06971
0.10290
0.23568
0.003104
0.000159437
-.000000340
-1.01882
HEMAT
-5.3105
0.46707
0.25814
-0.34702
0.01639
0.25024
0.40592
0.001564
0.000219960
-.000000663
-0.97759
ILLDEF
-8.1473
1.22644
0.24889
-1.15143
-0.20485
0.32190
0.63800
0.029488
-.000102129
0.000000369
-1.05721
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
0020
-4.6127
1.00405
0550
-4.1183
0850
79
HCUP
SuperGroup
ED Visit
Modified
Charlson
Score = 1
Modified
Charlson
Score = 2
Modified
Charlson
Score >2
Intercept
Age at
Admission
Male
LAPS2
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2
Cubed
Not Full
Code
LIVPAN
-6.9427
1.07952
0.09055
-1.23836
-0.54940
0.56113
0.82395
-0.016943
0.000482439
-.000001469
-1.19992
MLG
-4.9021
0.48973
0.13687
0.95261
-0.16732
0.05906
0.21975
0.014976
0.000160234
-.000000506
-1.25272
NEURO
-4.0021
0.17742
0.15971
-1.07635
-0.11471
0.31031
0.58285
0.014387
0.000077084
-.000000137
-1.17454
NUTRT
-11.3364
1.32106
0.37588
0.57447
-0.06432
0.14115
0.25005
0.087747
-.000632563
0.000001889
-0.91133
OTHINF
-8.5962
1.21558
0.15794
-0.78823
-0.08066
0.16840
0.47455
0.010966
0.000105656
-.000000196
-1.06418
SURGCX
-11.7667
1.53771
0.18556
0.10457
-0.20081
0.28541
0.83008
0.044651
-.000226721
0.000000822
-1.26161
TRAUMA
-10.5416
1.35917
0.42857
-0.02601
-0.15576
0.29032
0.50626
0.045443
-.000255813
0.000000863
-0.98974
MODEL 10 R: Comprehensive Model (30-Day Mortality Coefficients)
HCUP SuperGroup
Intercept
Age at
Admission
0020
-9.2072
1.00028
-0.04388
-0.87304
1.17421
0550
-0.7211
0.66424
0.25863
-0.50192
0850
-5.3403
0.99014
0.04133
1000
-16.0817
2.25797
1070
-4.5914
1080
Log of
COPS2 *
LAPS2
Log of
COPS2 *
LAPS2
Squared
Log of
COPS2 *
LAPS2
Cubed
LAPS2
Squared
LAPS2 Cubed
-0.00336
0.000426411
-.000001177
-0.010857
0.000026012
-.000000007
-0.94065
-0.97745
-0.19485
0.002215651
-.000006615
0.044259
-.000480920
0.000001513
-1.06862
-1.68935
0.14107
-0.01092
0.000253547
-.000000531
0.000858
-.000007206
0.000000004
-1.21711
0.28075
0.06390
1.40703
0.03204
0.000073564
-.000000026
-0.027107
0.000203737
-.000000608
-0.97435
0.84754
-0.09365
-0.66939
0.71222
0.08673
-.000718362
0.000001896
-0.035683
0.000355965
-.000000935
-1.68170
-14.1403
1.86063
0.19050
-0.97089
1.07645
0.05211
-.000165612
0.000000484
-0.020979
0.000184386
-.000000557
-0.81966
1090
-7.9774
1.28402
-0.01631
-1.63339
0.45258
0.00226
0.000539783
-.000002093
-0.004462
-.000014004
0.000000134
-0.87989
1220
-8.9951
1.16469
0.13587
-0.94839
0.80720
0.01552
0.000174066
-.000000494
-0.012511
0.000069398
-.000000154
-1.10707
1530
-9.7184
0.22244
-0.04659
-1.42363
1.41487
0.07907
-.000100045
-.000000078
-0.015371
0.000063074
-.000000109
-1.09017
1590
-7.0187
2.09765
-0.00159
-1.32656
-1.13708
-0.19657
0.002018549
-.000005404
0.052935
-.000509861
0.000001424
-0.91320
2260
-23.1503
3.29249
0.50965
-0.84213
1.49933
0.16698
-.001361826
0.000003755
-0.037642
0.000330393
-.000000845
-0.66647
2590
-12.7918
1.92200
0.07548
-1.05255
0.59536
0.01166
0.000321175
-.000001122
0.000925
-.000076770
0.000000293
-0.86751
ALLRF
-10.3752
1.95214
0.04856
-0.05977
-0.13024
-0.07070
0.000721466
-.000001473
0.015815
-.000112455
0.000000180
-1.16740
CANCER
-11.7494
0.90259
0.47169
1.31778
0.97421
0.07102
-.000233019
-.000000028
-0.011167
0.000046870
0.000000060
-1.02454
ENDOC
-16.8984
2.42852
-0.01808
0.18837
0.78937
0.02230
0.000130499
-.000000751
-0.007277
0.000024614
0.000000040
-1.00656
GIMISC
-16.5009
1.62912
0.20591
-0.02864
1.27837
0.13526
-.000781190
0.000001551
-0.024097
0.000150747
-.000000249
-0.49733
HART
-11.2421
0.90067
0.03813
-0.15373
1.14875
0.05015
0.000034321
-.000000442
-0.012292
0.000029925
0.000000024
-0.89324
HCUP-HG1
-13.6250
1.37901
0.11542
-0.72945
1.04099
0.05000
0.000030484
-.000000361
-0.013220
0.000072044
-.000000131
-0.85183
HCUP-HG2
-17.0571
1.53371
0.11739
0.02427
1.73266
0.14135
-.000827967
0.000001840
-0.033562
0.000245256
-.000000558
-1.12884
HCUP-HG3
-9.6535
0.96696
-0.12198
-0.36967
0.95332
0.11211
-.000799189
0.000002109
-0.021375
0.000161309
-.000000409
-1.28144
HCUP-HG4
-9.9113
0.94694
0.16439
-0.90840
0.93587
0.05612
-.000176151
0.000000476
-0.015357
0.000100960
-.000000249
-0.98715
HEMAT
-5.4669
0.65950
0.22955
-0.29739
-0.17868
-0.10864
0.001703557
-.000005932
0.029485
-.000394860
0.000001404
-0.90350
ILLDEF
-12.9040
1.29143
0.25833
-1.11493
1.27086
0.09411
-.000478869
0.000001142
-0.018674
0.000115668
-.000000248
-0.98287
LIVPAN
-10.5732
1.25862
0.14947
-1.28659
0.87831
-0.00153
0.000686509
-.000002367
-0.005121
-.000038364
0.000000190
-1.21888
-8.4178
0.61518
0.12544
1.01372
0.78698
0.07872
-.000423001
0.000001129
-0.016574
0.000149401
-.000000415
-1.20191
MLG
Male
ED Visit
Log of
COPS2
80
LAPS2
Not Full
Code
81
HCUP SuperGroup
NEURO
-8.7071
0.28054
0.17568
-1.08279
1.26609
0.07134
-.000138069
-.000000236
-0.017139
0.000068539
0.000000021
-1.11140
NUTRT
-18.8637
1.15229
0.37779
0.25692
2.53818
0.31477
-.002524964
0.000006602
-0.068024
0.000573395
-.000001446
-0.88465
OTHINF
-13.5412
1.14657
0.14810
-0.69054
1.33378
0.08909
-.000443935
0.000001386
-0.019223
0.000131581
-.000000372
-0.99585
SURGCX
-15.7649
1.34133
0.17769
0.04165
1.44311
0.06164
0.000207117
-.000001153
-0.008913
-.000063971
0.000000359
-1.14377
TRAUMA
-14.0885
1.21238
0.42386
-0.05566
1.30260
0.07760
-.000083926
-.000000255
-0.013041
-.000004903
0.000000185
-0.95105
LAPS2
LAPS2 Cubed
Log of
COPS2 *
LAPS2
Intercept
ED Visit
LAPS2
Squared
Log of
COPS2 *
LAPS2
Cubed
Age at
Admission
Male
Log of
COPS2
Log of
COPS2 *
LAPS2
Squared
Not Full
Code