Blood Typing
Name ___________________ Per: ________
Introduction
The study of the blood is termed hematology. Blood has three main functions:
transportation, regulation, and protection. Blood supplies cells with oxygen and
nutrients while removing carbon dioxide and other waste products. Specialized
cells within blood protect us by fighting sources of infection and coagulation
prevents uncontrolled blood loss when we get injured. The blood also
safeguards body cells against other dangers such as extreme temperatures or
acidity.
IMPORTANT
All items that have been in contact with blood must be placed in the biohazard
bag right after you read your results. Do not touch anyone else’s contaminated
materials.
Part I: ABO AND Rh DETERMINATION
Red blood cells carry proteins on the surface. These proteins can function as
antigens. An individual who is exposed to a foreign antigen (such as during an
incompatible blood transfusion) may produce specialized proteins whose
purpose is the destruction of the foreign antigen. These proteins, which are
located in the serum fraction of the blood, are called antibodies.
In order to determine your ABO blood type, we will use antibodies present within
anti-A and anti-B sera.
If your blood type is A, the blood will agglutinate
(clump) with the anti-A serum. It your blood is type B, it will agglutinate with antiB serum. If your blood is type AB, it will agglutinate with both anti-A and anti-B
sera. If your blood is type O (absence of proteins A and B), neither anti-A nor
anti-B sera will cause agglutination.
1. Obtain a blood typing card for your ABO/Rh blood typing. Write your name on
it.
2. Sterilize the tip of your right or left index finger with a sterile alcohol pad and
use a sterile lancet to prick your finger.
3. Place one drop of anti-A serum on the first circular section of your card, one
drop of anti-B serum on the middle section, and one drop of anti-Rh serum on the
third section.
4. Thoroughly mix the blood and antisera with the end of a toothpick. Do not use
the same toothpick for each sample! Use separate toothpicks for each section.
After you are done mixing, place the toothpicks in the biohazard bag.
5. Observe for agglutination for the next 2 minutes.
6. Based on your observations, determine your ABO/Rh blood type and record
your results below.
(1 pt) Blood type ___________
Questions:
1. What antigens are present on a person’s red blood cells if that person is: (6
pts)
(a) type B+ _______________________________
(b) type O- _______________________________
(c) type AB+______________________________
2. Explain the danger of giving a person with type B a blood a transfusion with
type A blood. (5 pts)
3.
In a paternity suit, a woman (type O+) accuses a man (type A+) of being
the father of her baby (type O+). Will the blood types prove or disprove her
claim? Explain. (5 pts)
4. What blood types can Type A blood:
a. Receive? ____________________________________________________
b. Donate to?___________________________________________________
5. What blood types can Type B blood:
a. Receive? ____________________________________________________
b. Donate to?___________________________________________________
6. What blood types can Type AB blood:
a. Receive? ____________________________________________________
b. Donate to?___________________________________________________
7. What blood types can Type O blood:
a. Receive? ____________________________________________________
b. Donate to?___________________________________________________
8. Which blood type can give to ALL other blood types and is known as the
UNIVERSAL DONOR?
_______________________________________________________________
9. Which blood type can receive blood from all other blood types and is known as
the UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT?
_________________________________________________
10. What are the 4 main components of blood?
________________________________________________________________
11. Which of these 4 parts determine a person’s blood type?
________________________________________________________________
12. Make a table and a bar graph showing the different blood types of all of the
students in this science class. (15pts) Include table and graph in this lab folder.
13. What percent of your class has the following blood types:
A+______ A- _______ B+_______ B- _______ AB+ _______ AB- _______
O+ _______ O- _______
14. Go to: http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-types
and look at the percent break down of blood types by ethnic groups.
15. What are 2 questions you could pose for further research after looking at your
data and the data on the website?
a.
b.