Things You Should Know for the Midterm
Chapter 3/4
Write electron configurations for elements.
Use noble gas notation to write abbreviated electron configurations for elements.
Describe the similarities and differences between ionic and covalent bonding.
Classify bonding type according to electronegativity differences.
Draw Lewis structures of molecules.
Describe the relationship between bond length and number of bonds.
Describe the relationship between number of bonds and bond energy.
Define resonance.
Draw resonance structures.
Explain VSEPR theory.
Predict the shapes of molecules using VSEPR theory.
Define molecular polarity.
Predict polarity and show it on the Lewis structure.
Determine the type of intermolecular forces acting between molecules.
Chapter 11
Compare and contrast organic and inorganic compounds.
Explain the structures of the three allotropes of carbon.
Identify hydrocarbons, substituted hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, saturated
hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons from a list.
Write condensed and structural formulas for saturated hydrocarbons.
Describe the relationship between the structure and physical properties of saturated
hydrocarbons.
Use the basic rules of I.U.P.A.C. Nomenclature system to name alkanes.
Name and write formulas for substituted alkanes that include alkyl groups.
Name and write formulas for substituted alkanes that include halogens.
Describe how melting and boiling points are changed with the number of carbons in
the alkane.
Draw Lewis structures for selected alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
Construct ball-and-stick models for selected alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
Draw spatial formulas for selected alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
Determine the bond angles for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes by examining the balland-stick models.
Name and write formulas for cycloalkanes.
Describe why cyclic structures are not as flexible as open-chain alkanes.
Identify cis and trans isomers for cycloalkanes.
Name and write formulas for cis / trans isomers of cycloalkanes.
Describe the conformations of alkanes.
Write equations for combustion reactions of alkanes and cycloalkanes.
Write equations for halogenation reactions of alkanes and cycloalkanes.
Petroleum
The student should be able to describe how petroleum is extracted from the earth.
The student should be able to explain the process of distillation and how it is used to
refine petroleum.
The student should be able to label the 4 strokes of the internal combustion engine
and explain what is occurring in each.
The student should be able to explain what a catalytic converter does in an
automobile.
The student should be able to draw comparisons between petroleum and natural gas
extraction.
The student should be able to describe the technique used to extract natural gas in
Marcellus Shale drilling.
Chapter 12
Describe the physical properties of alkenes and alkynes.
Draw the structures for simple alkenes and alkynes.
Name alkenes and alkynes including ones that contain multiple double or triple
bonds.
Describe why alkenes do not have free rotation.
Identify geometric isomers of alkenes as cis or trans.
Write the names and draw the structures of geometric isomers of alkenes.
Write equations predicting the products of hydrogenation addition reactions of
alkenes.
Write equations predicting the products of halogenation addition reactions of
alkenes.
Write equations predicting the products of hydration addition reactions of alkenes.
Write equations predicting the products of hydrohalogenation addition reactions of
alkenes.
Describe how Markovnikov’s rule affects the products of hydration and
hydrohalogenation reactions.
Describe how a bromine classification test can identify alkanes and alkenes.
Draw structures of common aromatic hydrocarbons.
Write the names of common aromatic hydrocarbons.
Polymers
Write equations representing the formation of addition polymers of alkenes.
Identify polymers using recycle codes.
Describe the difference between a thermoset and thermoplastic.
Draw pictures and describe the properties of linear, branched, and cross-linked
polymers.
Complete condensation formation of polymer equations.