Supplementary Table 1. Overview of randomized trials of hormone therapy and surgery for prostate cancer.
Reference
Type of treatment
Byar DP (1973)1
Kirk D (1997)2
Endocrine therapy: diethylstilboestrol
5mg (Veterans Administration
Cooperative Urological Group Study
1)
Endocrine therapy: diethylstilboestrol
5mg (Veterans Administration
Cooperative Urological Group Study
2)
Endocrine therapy
Number of cases
1,418
% mortality
77%
Deferred therapy (or watchful
waiting)
Number of cases % mortality
483
75.8%
255
54.0%
253
61.0%
-7.0%
469
85.0%
465
90.0%
-5.0%
Studer et al. (2004)3
Endocrine therapy
96
91.0%
92
92.0%
-1.0%
Studer UE et al. (2006)4
Endocrine therapy
492
52.2%
493
57.5%
-5.4%
Bill-Axelson et al. (2005)5
Iversen P et al. (1995)6
Total
Surgery
Surgery
347
61
2,728
23.9%
89.0%
72.0%
348
50
1,788
30.5%
92.0%
72.7%
-6.6%
-3.0%
-0.7%
1,310
67.0%
1,305
72.0%
-5.6%
Byar DP (1973)1
Total excluding Veterans Administration Cooperative Urological Group
Study 1
Immediate therapy
Difference
+1.2%
Supplementary Table 2. Comparison of early results of new surgical approaches to radical prostatectomy. 7
Type of surgery
Transperitoneal laproscopic radical
prostatectomy
Extraperitoneal laproscopic radical
prostatectomy
Robot-assisted laproscopic radical
prostatectomy
Open surgery
Abbreviation: ND, not determined.
Average blood Loss
505ml
Recurrence free
84–90%
Duration of follow-up
30–36 months
505ml
81–91%
10–12 months
231ml
92–95%
3–8 months
727ml
ND
ND
Supplementary Table 3. Summary of phase II trials in patients with localized prostate cancer.
Reference
Tward JD et al.
(2006)8
Tward JD et al
(2006)8
Tward JD et al.
(2006)8
Lein M et al.
(2006)9
Shaw GL et al.
(2007)10
Treatment
(n, median
age)
80 months
Any
cause
mortality
Radical
prostatectomy
(23,758, 64
years)
Brachytherapy
(6,637, 67
years)
No definitive
treatment
(18,895, 74
years)
Laparoscopic
prostatectomy
(1,000, 62
years)
Intermittent
hormone
therapy (517,
71 years)
11%
120 months
Any cause Prostatemortality
cancerspecific
mortality
n at risk
2%
PSA
recurrence
or
androgen
resistance
ND
9,008
23%
14%
1%
ND
435
21%
3%
ND
7%
0.3%
14%
ND
Abbreviation: ND, not determined.
Prostatecancerspecific
mortality
160 months
Any cause Prostatemortality
cancerspecific
mortality
n at risk
2%
PSA
recurrence
or
androgen
resistance
ND
n at risk
4%
PSA
recurrence
or
androgen
resistance
ND
2,374
33%
31%
2%
ND
115
51%
4%
ND
19
3,182
60%
7%
ND
356
73%
9%
ND
36
19%
122 at
60
months
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
11%
53
23%
ND
16%
4
ND
ND
ND
ND
454
Supplementary reference list
1
Byar DP (1973) Proceedings: The Veterans Administration Cooperative Urological Research Group's studies of cancer of the prostate. Cancer 32:
1126–1130
2
Kirk D (1997) MRC study: when to commence treatment in advanced prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 1: 11–15
3
Studer UE et al. (2004) Immediate versus deferred hormonal treatment for patients with prostate cancer who are not suitable for curative local
treatment: results of the randomized trial SAKK 08/88. J Clin Oncol 22: 4109–4118
4
Studer UE et al. (2006) Immediate or deferred androgen deprivation for patients with prostate cancer not suitable for local treatment with curative
intent: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Trial 30891. J Clin Oncol 24: 1868–1876
5
Bill-Axelson A et al. (2005) Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 352: 1977–1984
6
Iversen P et al. (1995) Radical prostatectomy versus expectant treatment for early carcinoma of the prostate. Twenty-three year follow-up of a
prospective randomized study. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 172: 65–72
7
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (22 November 2006) Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
[http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/IPG193] (accessed 3 December 2008)
8
Tward JD et al. (2006) Survival of men with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with prostatectomy, brachytherapy, or no definitive treatment:
impact of age at diagnosis. Cancer 107: 2392–2400
9
Lein M et al. (2006) Complications, urinary continence, and oncologic outcome of 1000 laparoscopic transperitoneal radical prostatectomiesexperience at the Charité Hospital Berlin, Campus Mitte. Eur Urol 50: 1278–1282
10
Shaw GL et al. (2007) International study into the use of intermittent hormone therapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate: a meta-analysis
of 1446 patients. BJU Int 99: 1056–1065