Supplementary Table 6 | Studies of vitamin D in seronegative diseases and chronic pain syndromes
Publication
(year)
AS
Lange et al.S57
(2001)
Jung et al.S58
(2011)
Fischer
et al.S59
(2012)
PsA
Huckins
et al.S60
(1990)
Touma
et al.S61
(2011)
CWP
MacFarlane
et al.S62
(2005)
Heidari
et al.S63
(2010)
Study design
Exposure or
variable analysed
Outcome
Main finding
Cross-sectional study in
70 patients with AS
Case–control study; 223
patients with AS and 239
ethnically matched
controls
Cross-sectional study; 18
patients with AS and 9
healthy individuals
Serum 1,25(OH)2D
level
Polymorphisms in
the gene encoding
vitamin-D-binding
protein
Serum proteomic
and metabolomic
markers
BASDAI
Serum 1,25(OH)2D inversely
associated with BASDAI
Polymorphisms at several
sites associated with
development of peripheral
arthritis or uveitis
Serum levels of the
vitamin D3 metabolite
(23S,25R)-25hydroxyvitamin D3 26,23peroxylactone
downregulated in AS
Open label trial in 10
patients with PsA
Oral calcitriol 2 μg
per day for
6 months
Serum 25(OH)D
level
TJC
Serum 25(OH)D
level
Presence of CWP
Weak inverse association
between serum 25(OH)D and
widespread pain
Serum 25(OH)D
Presence of
nonspecific
musculoskeletal
pain
Serum 25(OH)D lower in
cases than controls (63.4% vs
36.1% < 50nmol/l)
Cross-sectional study in
302 patients with PsA
Two cross-sectional
studies; enrolled a total
of 3,135 Asian patients
with PsA
Case–control study; 276
patients with nonspecific
skeletal pain and 202
controls matched for age
and gender
Cross-sectional study;
3,075 men with CWP
Peripheral
arthritis, uveitis
NA
Disease activity
4 patients had >50%
improvement in TJC; 3 had
>25% improvement
No association between
serum 25(OH)D and disease
activity
McBeth
Serum 25(OH)D
Presence of CWP CWP associated with
et al.S64
increased risk of serum
(2010)
25(OH)D <37.5 nmol/l
Straube
Systematic review of four Vitamin D
Pain status
Low quality trials: insufficient
et al.S65
randomized double-blind supplementation
evidence to support vitamin
(2010)
trials
D supplementation for pain
Bhatty
Cross-sectional study in
NA
Serum 25(OH)D
80% of participants had
et al.S66
40 female Asian patients
serum 25(OH)D
(2010)
with CWP
concentrations <50 nmol/l
Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; AS, ankylosing spondylitis;
BASDAI, Bath AS Disease Activity Index, CWP, chronic widespread pain; NA, not applicable; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; TJC,
tender joint count.
S57.
Lange, U., Jung, O., Teichmann, J. & Neeck, G. Relationship between disease activity and serum levels
of vitamin D metabolites and parathyroid hormone in ankylosing spondylitis. Osteoporos. Int. 12, 1031–
1035 (2001).
S58.
Jung, K. H. et al. Associations of vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms with the
development of peripheral arthritis and uveitis in ankylosing spondylitis. J. Rheumatol. 38, 2224–2229
(2011).
S59.
Fischer, R. et al. Discovery of candidate serum proteomic and metabolomic biomarkers in
ankylosing spondylitis. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 11, M111.013904 (2012).
S60.
Huckins, D., Felson, D. T. & Holick, M. Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with oral 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3: a pilot study. Arthritis Rheum. 33, 1723–1727 (1990).
S61.
Touma, Z. et al. Seasonal variation in vitamin D levels in psoriatic arthritis patients from different
latitudes and its association with clinical outcomes. Arthritis Care Res. 63, 1440–1447 (2011).
S62.
Macfarlane, G. J. et al. An excess of widespread pain among South Asians: are low levels of vitamin D
implicated? Ann. Rheum. Dis. 64, 1217–1219 (2005).
S63.
Heidari, B., Shirvani, J. S., Firouzjahi, A., Heidari, P. & Hajian-Tilaki, K. O. Association between
nonspecific skeletal pain and vitamin D deficiency. Int. J. Rheum. Dis. 13, 340–346 (2010).
S64.
McBeth, J. et al. Musculoskeletal pain is associated with very low levels of vitamin D in men: results
from the European Male Ageing Study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 1448–1452 (2010).
S65.
Straube, S., Derry, S., Moore, R. A. & McQuay, H. J. Vitamin D for the treatment of chronic painful
conditions in adults. Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD007771
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007771.pub2.
S66.
Bhatty, S. A. et al. Vitamin D deficiency in fibromyalgia. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 60, 949–951 (2010).