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Acute diarrhoea
Outcomes
By the end of phase III the students should be able to:
* Discuss the major gastrointestinal host defence mechanisms
* Explain the relative infectious doses of enteric pathogens required to cause disease
* Explain the risk factors for acquiring gastroenteritis
* Explain the difference between acute and chronic diarrhoea
* Discuss the pathogenic mechanisms by which enteric pathogens cause GI disease
* Discuss the differences with examples of each of the following: 1) Infectious diarrhoea a.)
non-inflammatory or toxin mediated b.) inflammatory –invasive and non invasive 2.) Noninfectious diarrhoea
* Discuss the features of gastroenteritis caused by the different pathogens
o Common pathogens responsible for acute diarrhoea in children, adults, travellers, HIV/ AIDS
patients (Viruses, bacteria, toxins, parasites etc.)
* Epidemiology, pathogenesis, incubation period, clinical features, diagnosis and
management
* Discuss antibiotic associated diarrhoea
Skills
* Take an appropriate history from a patient suffering from acute diarrhoea
* Perform an appropriate physical examination on a patient suffering from acute diarrhoea
* Recognize the signs and symptoms of dehydration and initiate appropriate management
* Collect and correctly send appropriate specimens to the laboratory
* Correctly interpret diagnostic tests
* Initiate the appropriate diagnostic workup for the patient who presents with acute diarrhoea
* Prescribe the appropriate treatment for children and adults with acute diarrhoea
* Communicate to patients and parents the indications and contraindications of anti-motility
drugs and antibiotics
* Give advise on the principles of food hygiene
* Advise travellers on prophylactic measures and treatment of traveller’s diarrhoea
* Advise patients on indications for hospital admission for children and adults with acute
diarrhoea
* Initiate prevention strategies (isolation) and notification where appropriate
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