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Contents of proposed course
Spectroscopic Methods in Biology and Medicine:
at Fudan University, Shanghai
Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Werner Mäntele, Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University
Frankfurt
There is an increasing use of spectroscopic methods in Biology, Biotechnology and in Medicine. In the
clinical laboratory, spectroscopic techniques are used to analyze blood and other body fluids. In
addition, noninvasive techniques are emerging for the measurement of blood parameters. This course
starts with the basic principles of spectroscopy for electronic and vibrational spectroscopy and leads to
applications in the clinical laboratory to point-of-care applications and to future non‐invasive
spectroscopic techniques. Examples for laboratory methods based on spectroscopy will follow. Finally,
methods and techniques will be described for blood and skin analysis as well as for the detection and
characterization of diseases by optical spectroscopy.
The following parts will be taught:
1) Basic principles of biomedical spectroscopy in the clinical laboratory
2) Non‐invasive biomedical spectroscopy
3) Basic principles of infrared spectroscopy
4) Infrared spectroscopy for the reagent‐free determination of body fluids
5) Non‐invasive glucose analysis for diabetics? The future role of spectroscopy in diabetics.
6) Infrared and Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of cells and tissues.
Prerequisites:
The students should have basic knowledge on biological molecules, such as amino acids, lipids,
Proteins and DNA.They should be familiar with basic concepts of atomic physics and quantum physics,
optics and photometry.
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Contend of proposed course
Electrophysiology
at Fudan University, Shanghai
Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schwarz, Goethe-University Frankfurt & Fudan University
Shanghai
Electrophysiology is an important discipline in biophysical research. Electrophysiological
methods are employed for the investigation of structure, function and regulation of membrane
proteins, and of mechanisms of drug interaction with the membrane protein.
1
Introduction with a historical overview
2
Basics: Theory
2.1.
Donnan potential
2.2.
Nernst equation
2.3.
Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation
3
Basics: Methods
3.1.
Microelectrodes
3.2.
Voltage Clamp
4
Patch-Clamp
4.1.
Methods
4.2.
Applications
5
Introduction to electrophysiology of carrier transport
5.1.
General characteristics
5.2.
Channel behaviour
Prerequisites: The students should have an understanding of the very basics of physics, and they
should be familiar with the structure of biomembranes and membrane proteins.
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Contend of proposed course
Biochemical Methods for Biophysicists
at Fudan University, Shanghai
Lecturer: Dr. Georg Wille, Goethe-University Frankfurt
1
Basic concepts
1.1 pH and Buffers
1.2 Measuring concentrations
2
Molecular biology
2.1 Isolation of nucleic acids
2.2 DNA sequencing
2.3 Electrophoresis and Blotting
2.4 Enzymes for the manipulation of DNA
2.5 PCR and site-directed mutagenesis
2.6 Recombinant expression of proteins
3 Protein Chemistry
3.1 Protein isolation, purification and characterization
3.2 Measurement of binding affinities and enzyme activities
3.3 Directed evolution
3.4 Protein crystallization
3.5 Modification of proteins
4 Computational Tools
4.1 Data bases of biological information
4.2 Tools for visualization
4.3 Tools for data analysis
Prerequisites: The students should have an understanding of the very basics of inorganic and
organic chemistry, and they should also be familiar with the structure of DNA and proteins.
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Contend of proposed course
Single-molecule Methods and Applications in
Biophysics
at Fudan University, Shanghai
Lecturer: Prof. Yan-Wen Tan, Fudan University, Shanghai
In this series of classes, I will give a brief review of the history of single-molecule
detection. Several single-molecule methods and their representative applications in
biological physics will be introduced. The goal of this lecture is to give the audience
an understanding of the unique capability of single-molecule experiments.
1
Single-molecule detection
1.1. The era of cryogenic single-molecule detection
1.2. Room temperature single-molecule detection
2
Optical tweezer, Magnetic tweezer experiments
2.1. Motor proteins Myosin, Kinesin
2.2. FIONA (Fluorescence Imaging within One Nanometer Accuracy)
3
Single-molecule Fluorescent Spectroscopy
3.1. Fluorescent labels
3.2. FRET (Forster-type Resonance Energy Transfer)
3.3. TIRFM (Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy)
3.4. FCS (Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy)
3.5. Confocal type experiment
3.6. Extracting dynamics information
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Contend of proposed course
Meshfree Methods
at Fudan University, Shanghai
Lecturer: Dr. Jun Huang, Goethe-University Frankfurt & Fudan University Shanghai
In numerical simulation methods, the meshfree methods are those do not require a
predefined mesh connecting the data points of the simulation domain. Meshfree
methods enable the simulation of some difficult types of problems difficulty simulated
by using mesh based methods.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
What is mesh free methods?
Basics: Fundamentals of Fluid mechanics
Weighted residual method
3.1. Collocation method
3.2. Subdomain method
3.3. Colocation method
Smoothing function
Particle approximation in SPH
5.1. Mass conservation
5.2. Momentum conservation
5.3. Energy conservation
Skills in SPH
6.1. Particle refination and coarseness
6.2. Ghost particles for boundary
6.3. Neighbour search
6.4. Body fitted mesh
6.5. Variable smoothing length
6.6. Artificial compressibility
6.7. Artificial viscosity
6.8. Time integration
Introduction to Discrete element method （DEM）
7.1. Granular material
7.2. Coefficient of restitution
7.3. Viscoelastic material
7.4. Time driven method
7.5. Event driven method
7.6. Non-spherical particle
7.7. How to create densely packed structure?
Gene Optimization
Thoughts-transference in creatures
SPH couples with DEM
Prerequisites: The students should be familiar with Fluid Mechanics and have some
basic understanding of solid mechanics.
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Contend of proposed course
Lab Course of Electrophysiology
at Fudan University, Shanghai
Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schwarz, Goethe-University Frankfurt & Fudan University
Shanghai
Prof. Dr. Di Zhang, Fudan University Shanghai
The function of a cell is governed to a large extend by transport across the cell
membrane that is mediated by specific membrane proteins. To learn about functional
characteristics of transport proteins is the voltage-clamp technique. Invented in the
late 40s, it formed the basis for two milestones in electrophysiology: the work of
Hodgkin and Huxley in explaining the excitability of nerve membranes, and the work
of Neher and Sakmann who demonstrated with the patch-clamp technique the
existence of single-channel gating. In this laboratory course, the conventional
Two-Micro-Electrode Voltage-Clamp as well as the One-Micro-Electrode
Patch-Clamp technique will be demonstrated and exercised during this training
course.
Two-Micro Electrode Voltage Clamp (TEVC)
Particularly the combination of electrophysiology with molecular biology allows
obtaining fundamental information on structure, function and regulation of transport
proteins. This can be achieved by expression of genetically modified proteins in
Xenopus oocytes and functional characterization by electrophysiological methods.
This part of laboratory course introduces into up-to-date electrophysiological research
using TEVC to analyze current voltages dependencies of various membrane proteins
in the Xenopus oocyte.
The Patch-Clamp Technique
The patch-clamp technique is a powerful voltage-clamp technique which allows
investigation of electrical properties of channels and carriers at high current and time
resolution. In addition and in contrast to the TEVC method it allows resolving
single-channel currents. In this part of laboratory course the occurrence of
single-channel events will be demonstrated.
Prerequisites: The students should have an understanding of the principles of voltage
clamp and the function of membrane proteins, which will be taught in detail during
the three lecture parts of this Summer School.
Schedule: The lab course will be offered on the last day in a morning and an
afternoon session of 4 hours each.