Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine
Evaluation in the Americas
James A. Roth, DVM, PhD
2160 College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa USA 50011, USA
Tel.: (1-515) 294 8459, Fax: (1-515) 294 8259
iicab@iastate.edu; www.cfsph.iastate.edu/iicab
Summary of activities specifically related to the mandate of
OIE Collaborating Centres
1.
Activities as a centre of research, expertise, standardisation and dissemination of techniques
within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE
 In 2007, the Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologic (IICAB) worked to edit and place a
digitally captured version of the USDA Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Diagnostic Training Course on the
Internet and in DVD format. The USDA Foreign Agriculture Service provided funding for the courses and to
digitally capture the courses. The purpose of the Course, which was offered five times in 2006-2007, was to
provide expert instruction on diagnosing avian influenza and to build a network of expertise and collaboration.
The courses were taught by scientists from the USDA APHIS National Veterinary Services Laboratories and
the USDA ARS Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory. The course materials are available at
www.cfsph.iastate.edu/hpai. A DVD set is available from the USDA APHIS or by contacting the IICAB at
iicab@iastate.edu
 The IICAB worked with the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the USDA Foreign
Agriculture Service and the OIE to develop a series of presentations that contain detailed information on the
factors to consider in making a decision on whether or not to vaccinate for highly pathogenic avian influenza.
The series contains four overviews for different audiences, a roundtable discussion on factors to consider in
using vaccination and 16 presentations by international avian influenza experts. These presentations can be
viewed at www.cfsph.iastate.edu/hpai and DVDs containing the same information will be available in 2008 .
 The IICAB continued to develop the Compendium of Vaccines for Transboundary Animal Diseases. The
USDA APHIS provided funding for this effort. In late 2006, the web site was redesigned to be more user
friendly and to enable manufacturers to add additional details about their products. The new website was
launched in January 2007. The Directory currently contains 412 vaccine entries for 164 different manufacturers
covering 56 countries and 65 transboundary diseases. Between January 1 and December 3, 2007, there were
9,403 visitors for a total of 177,024 hits on 49,318 pages. This statistic has grown from 553 visitors in March
2007 to 1,479 visitors in October 2007. The Vaccine Compendium is the number one search result on Google
using the keywords “vaccine directory.”
http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/IICAB/Vaccines/default.html
 The IICAB is affiliated with the Center for Food Security and Public Health (CFSPH), which is also based at
the Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine. The CFSPH was established with U.S. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention funding in 2002. The two organizations share staff and have developed and
maintain a comprehensive set of materials for veterinarians to use to educate other veterinarians and the
general public on disease agents. The website currently contains 144 technical fact sheets, 53 PowerPoints with
speaker notes, 61 one page fact sheets for general audiences, and disease images (see next bullet). These
materials are available for viewing and downloading at http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo
 The IICAB continued to work with the Iowa State University Department of Veterinary Pathology to add high
quality diagnostic images to the 144 animal disease fact sheets that are maintained on the website
www.cfsph.iastate.edu/iicab (click on Animal Diseases). Currently, 74 fact sheets contain images (349 total
images).
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2007
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Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
2.
Proposal or development of any procedure that will facilitate harmonisation of international
regulations applicable to the surveillance and control of animal diseases, food safety and animal
welfare
 Development of the resources on the factors to consider in making a decision on whether or not to vaccinate
for highly pathogenic avian influenza contributes to harmonization related to the surveillance and control of
animal diseases. (See above or www.cfpsh.iastate.edu/hpai)
 Improving and maintaining the Compendium of Veterinary Vaccines for Transboundary Diseases contributes
to the control of animal diseases and animal welfare. www.cfsph.iastate.edu/IICAB/Vaccines/default.html
 The OIE/IICAB Veterinary Biologics Training Program with the USDA APHIS Center for Veterinary
Biologics contributes to harmonization of international regulations for veterinary biologics. (See number 4)
 The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Diagnostic Training Course with the USDA APHIS National
Veterinary Services Laboratories contributes to harmonization of procedures for surveillance of animal
diseases. (See number 4)
3.
Placement of expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE
The IICAB did not directly place any experts at the disposal of the OIE, however, the IICAB responded to many
requests from individuals in OIE member countries. In 2007, the IICAB had requests for information or assistance
from individuals from Angola, Argentina, Australia, Egypt, India, Iran, Japan, Mozambique, Norway, Paraguay,
Singapore, Sudan, and Uganda. While the IICAB could not accommodate all requests for assistance, information
or additional potential sources of assistance was provided to those who asked. The IICAB also had numerous
requests to use images from the image database and fact sheets and communicated with many individuals to
update and maintain the vaccine compendium.
Other activities related to the mandate
of OIE Collaborating Centres
4.
Provision of scientific and technical training, within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE, to
personnel from Member Countries of the OIE
 IICAB/OIE Veterinary Biologics Training Program – A total of 141 individuals participated in the 2007
Program, held May 9-24. This is the 12th consecutive year the Program has been offered. Forty-seven of the
participants were international representatives. Nineteen countries were represented including Argentina,
Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Nepal, New Zealand, Peru,
Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, and Tanzania. The annual 13 day program has
become known throughout the veterinary biologics field as a successful way to train scientific and technical
staff. Participants received detailed lecture notes. More information is available at:
www.cfsph.iastate.edu/IICAB/meetings/may2008.htm
 USDA High Pathogenic Avian Influenza Diagnostic Training Course – The IICAB worked with the USDA
Agriculture Research Service and the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service to organize and host
two week-long workshops (February 12–16, 2007, May 14-18, 2007). A total of forty-seven international
representatives from 27 countries received training. Countries represented included Benin, Bolivia, Botswana,
Brazil, Burundi, Colombia, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, Iraq, Mali, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru,
Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sudan, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Venezuela, and Yemen.
5.
Organisation of scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE
 IICAB/OIE Veterinary Biologics Training Program, May 9-24, 2007, Ames, Iowa USA, 141 participants from
20 different countries.
 USDA High Pathogenic Avian Influenza Diagnostic Training Course, Feb 12-16, 2007 Ames, Iowa, 22
participants from 10 different countries and one international organization (FAO).
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2007
Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
 USDA High Pathogenic Avian Influenza Diagnostic Training Course, May 14-18, 2007, Ames, Iowa, 25
participants from 20 different countries.
6.
Coordination of scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories or
organisations
 The IICAB is working to improve the ability of veterinarians to recognize and appropriately respond to
outbreaks of exotic animal diseases. Under the leadership of the IICAB, a web-based course entitled
“Emerging and Exotic Diseases of Animals” was developed between 2000 and 2003 and was used by 22 U.S.
Colleges of Veterinary Medicine in 2007. The course is responsive to national and international needs in
veterinary education, and could serve as a way to accomplish continuing education objectives for practicing
veterinarians. These modules refer to the OIE in numerous places, and could potentially be translated or used
by other countries for training purposes. The course was also offered for continuing education for practicing
veterinarians in 2007.
 The IICAB is working with the USDA APHIS to develop web-based modules for the National Veterinary
Accreditation Program. These modules include a review of important tasks of accredited veterinarians,
information on important diseases, and scenarios where veterinarians demonstrate their knowledge.
7.
Publication and dissemination of any information within the remit of the mandate given by the
OIE that may be useful to Member Countries of the OIE
Books, DVDs, Web Publishing
Emerging and Exotic Diseases of Animals, Third Edition. A. Rovid Spickler, J. A. Roth, (eds). Iowa State
University, 2006, 297 pages, ISBN 0-9745525-4-2.
OIE/IICAB 2007 Veterinary Biologics Training Program, Block 1, Block 2, Block 3 lecture notes and reference
materials. Available through the IICAB office.
USDA High Pathogenic Avian Influenza Diagnostic Training Course, 2007, lecture and laboratory notes.
Available from the IICAB office. A DVD set containing course material is available from the USDA APHIS or
the IICAB office and on line at www.cfsph.iastate.edu/hpai .
Factors to Consider in Using Vaccination to Control Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza. This series of four
presentations for different audiences, a roundtable discussion and 16 presentations by international experts is
available at www.cfsph.iastate.edu/hpai or on DVD from the IICAB office.
Emerging and Exotic Diseases of Animals, a web based course for veterinary students and veterinarians.
http://www.vin.com. Contact the IICAB office for details on accessing the course.
IICAB website (http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/IICAB), contains fact sheets on 144 diseases, many with PowerPoint
presentations and speaker notes and diagnostic images.
Biological Risk Management for Veterinarians, contains general prevention information for beef facilities, dairy
facilities, equine facilities, and mobile and stationary clinics. Information on disinfectants is also included. This
site contains an online database of questions to use in biological risk management assessments.
http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/BRM/brmoverview.htm
Biological Risk Management for Farmers and Ranchers, contains general prevention information, diseases
transmission route information, zoonotic disease information, and disease specific information in English and
Spanish. http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/BRMforProducers/default.htm
Presentations
Roth, J.A. North American Veterinary Conference, “Duration of Immunity Induced by Companion Animal
Vaccines,” Orlando FL. January 15, 2007
Roth, J.A. National Pet Zoonoses Coalition. “Report for Action Group 1: Education in the Home and Classroom,”
Atlanta, GA. January 18-19, 2007.
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Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
Roth, J.A. Western Canada Association of Bovine Practitioners, “Cell-Mediated Immunity to Bovine Respiratory
Disease Viruses,” Saskatoon, Canada, January 20, 2007.
Roth, J.A. Factors to Consider in Using Vaccination to Control Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, Round Table
Discussion. Atlanta, GA. Jan 24-26, 2007.
Roth, J.A. Western Veterinary Conference, “Duration of Immunity Induced by Companion Animal Vaccines,” Las
Vegas, NV, February 21, 2007.
Roth, J.A. Program on Science and Global Security, Princeton University, “Emerging and Exotic Diseases of Food
Producing Animals: Global Implications,” Princeton, NJ. April, 13, 2007.
Roth, J.A. ASPH-AAVMC Joint Symposium: Partnerships for Preparedness. “Cooperative University of Iowa and
Iowa State University MPH Program for DVMs” and “Prospects for Development of a Marker Vaccine and
Companion Diagnostic Test for Nipah Virus,” Atlanta, GA, April 22-24, 2007.
Roth, J.A. OIE Veterinary Biologics Training Program, “Block 1: Immunology and Principles of Vaccination” (20
hours), Ames, IA. May 9 – 11, 2007.
Roth, J.A. American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Study Group: “Infection Control
Procedures for Routine, Emerging, and Exotic Pathogens,” Seattle, WA, June 6 – 8, 2007.
Roth, J.A. American Veterinary Medical Association Annual Meeting, “Johne's Disease: Research on CellMediated Immune Responses in Cattle Exposed to MAP” and “Panel Discussion: Johne’s Disease,” Washington,
DC, July 14, 2007.
Roth, J.A. AAVMC/National Coalition for Food and Agriculture Research 'Lunch and Learn' Seminar, “Our
vulnerability to animal diseases: Zoonotic diseases and their potential for infecting humans,” Longworth House
Office Building, Washington, DC. July 16, 2007.
Roth, J.A. Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Global R&D Meeting, “BVD Immunology and Control,” Ames, IA
September, 25, 2007.
Roth, J.A. AVMA Aquatic Veterinary Medicine Committee, “Development of Modules for the USDA APHIS VS
National Veterinary Accreditation Program Certification in Aquatics,” Schaumburg, IL. September, 29, 2007.
Roth, J.A. Kemin Industries 22nd Annual Worldwide Scientific Meeting. “Round table on Immunology,” Des
Moines, IA. October 17, 2007.
Roth, J.A. University of Iowa - Iowa State University Emerging Infectious Disease Symposium, “International
Resources for Avian Influenza Preparedness and Response,” Iowa City, IA. December 8, 2007.
Publications
Palic D., C.B. Andreasen, J. Ostojić, R. M. Tell, and J.A. Roth. 2007. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) whole kidney assays
to measure neutrophil extracellular trap release and degranulation of primary granules. Journal of Immunological
Methods, 319, 87-97.
Palic D., J. Ostojić, C.B. Andreasen & J.A. Roth. 2007. Fish cast NETs: Neutrophil extracellular traps are released
from fish neutrophils. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 31, 805-816.
Charerntantanakul & J.A. Roth. 2007. Biology of Porcine T cells. Animal Health Research Reviews, 7: 81-96.
Grey G.C., D.W. Trampel & J.A. Roth. 2007. Pandemic influenza planning: Shouldn’t swine and poultry workers
be included? Vaccine, 25: 4376-4381.
Platt R., C. Coutu, T. Meinert & J. A. Roth. 2007. Humoral and T Cell-mediated immune responses to bivalent
killed bovine viral diarrhoea virus vaccine in beef cattle. Vet Immunol. Immunopathol. Accepted for Publication.
Roth J.A. 2007. Calf Pre-Weaning Immunity and Impact on Vaccine Schedules. In Current Veterinary Therapy:
Food Animal Practice. W.B. Saunders Co., In Press.
Roth J.A. and P.P. Pastoret. 2007. Veterinary Vaccines, In: C.G. Gay and T. Richie, (eds): Advances in
Immunology and Vaccine Discovery. Report of the United States-European Commission Workshop. pp. 16-18.
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2007